Cloning of Inhibin-α Gene and its mRNA Expression Pattern in the Ovary of Congjiang Xiang Pig

To reveal the relationship between inhibin-α(INHA) gene and the reproductive traits of Congjiang Xiang pig, INHA gene was cloned and sequenced taking the genomic DNA of Congjiang Xiang pigs as templates by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method.The polymorphisms of INHA gene were tested in Congjiang Xiang pig populations with high-litter size and low-litter size using allele-specific PCR(AS-PCR) method.The expression profile of INHA gene in ovaries was detected from Congjiang Xiang pigs with high-litter yiled or low-litter yiled by Real-time PCR method.The complete coding region of INHA gene was 1095 bp in length, which coded for 364 amino acid residues.Compared with the known sequence, two candidate sites, G359A and A373G, were found out from exon 2 region of INHA gene in Congjiang Xiang pig.After investigation for the two sites in a large population, the frequency of alleles between two populations was not significant and without obvious relativity with the litter yiled of Congjiang Xiang pig.However, the INHA mRNA level in the ovary of Congjiang Xiang pig with high-litter yiled was higher than that with low-litter yiled.It suggested that INHA gene was much conserved, INHA gene expression level might be concerned for the regulation of ovary growth and follicle development in Congjiang Xiang pig breed.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定从江椪柑中的微量锌

通过正交试验优化组合,得到最佳仪器工作条件,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定微量元素锌。结果表明:线性范围为0￣2.000μg/ml,标准曲线相关系数r为0.999 89,特征浓度为0.019(μg/ml)/1%,检出限为0.05μg/ml,标准偏差SD为0.38%,相对标准偏差RSD为1.43%,回收率为99.3%。该方法简便,灵敏度高,结果准确。     

从江香猪、环江香猪内脏器官测定初报

香猪是我国著名的小型地方猪种，国家一级保护畜种。具有体型矮小、肉质优良、基因纯合、纯净无污染，抗逆性强等特点。香猪产于黔桂两省交界的九万大山之中，受地理条件限制，饲粮不足，猪自繁自养，长期高度近交繁殖形成了具有上述特点的小型猪。     

贵州从江香猪与中国农大小型猪Ⅰ系的杂交性能

为加快贵州香猪资源的开发利用,培育出高品质的实验用小型猪,以贵州从江香猪为母本、中国农大小型猪Ⅰ系为父本进行杂交,测定杂交猪(农×从杂交猪)的繁殖性能和F1代的生长发育性能指标。结果表明:农×从杂交猪的平均窝产仔数为10.26头,窝断奶仔猪数为8.89头,仔猪初生重为0.68kg/头,与贵州从江香猪差异不显著(P0.05);农×从杂交猪F1代的生长速度缓慢,6月龄杂交猪平均体重为25.85kg,体高为42.44cm,体长为75.29cm,胸围为69.78cm,均显著低于纯繁贵州从江香猪(P0.05)。农×从杂交猪F1代体型矮小,生长发育缓慢,是较为理想的实验动物选育群。     

从江香猪生精上皮周期及睾丸发育的形态学分析

试验旨在探究初情期前后生精上皮周期差异及睾丸发育过程中的形态学变化。通过测定15、30、60和90 d睾丸相关指数，结合睾丸组织形态学特征，判断香猪初情期，划分从江香猪生精上皮周期。结果显示，30 d的睾丸指数较15 d极显著升高（P<0.01），睾丸重、长轴及短轴的增长率分别为298.05%、66.42%和65.45%，60和90 d两个阶段睾丸重增长率相对稳定。形态学观察表明，从江香猪30 d时生精小管出现游离精子，完成第一次生精并进入初情期；与15 d相比，30 d生精小管面积和生精上皮厚度极显著增加（P<0.01），增长率分别为136.12%和40.19%，在60和90 d均处于稳定增长状态。睾丸细胞数统计显示，日龄增加不影响支持细胞（setoli cells，SC）数量（P>0.05），而30 d生殖细胞数（germ cells，GC）较15 d极显著增加（P<0.01）。相关分析结果发现，生殖细胞数量增加与生精小管面积增大、生精上皮厚度变化之间呈明显正相关（r=0.994；0.96）。根据生殖细胞组合形式差异，将初情期前后生精上皮分为3和8个阶段。初情期前生殖细胞以第一次减数分裂前期为主，A、B型精原细胞、SC、初级精母细胞（primary spermatocyte，Ps）、前细线期（preleptotene，PI）、细线期（leptotene，L）等生殖细胞在初情期前后生精上皮中均存在，而圆形精子（round spermatids，R）、延伸精子（elongating spermatid，E）、精子细胞（spermatozoa，S）仅存在于初情期后的生精上皮。本研究结果表明，从江香猪30 d初情，睾丸发育以生殖细胞和生精小管面积的迅速增加为主，该结果对从江香猪早熟性状挖掘、种猪选育及开发利用等有重要的指导意义。     

从江香猪IFN-β基因的序列分析及原核表达

试验旨在探明从江香猪β-干扰素(interferon-beta,IFN-β)基因编码区分子序列及原核表达产物特征。以从江香猪为研究对象,提取肝脏总RNA并反转录为cDNA,设计特异性引物扩增IFN-β基因编码区,将目的基因片段克隆至原核表达质粒pET-28a上,获得重组质粒pET28a-CJpoIFN-β,并利用生物学软件对江香猪IFN-β基因编码区进行序列分析;将鉴定正确的重组质粒pET28a-CJpoIFN-β转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,经IPTG诱导表达、SDS-PAGE与Western blotting分析原核表达蛋白。结果表明,从江香猪IFN-β基因编码区长为561bp,编码186个氨基酸;该蛋白为分泌性蛋白,前21个氨基酸为信号肽序列;二级结构主要以α-螺旋(77.42%)和无规则卷曲(17.74%)为主。从江香猪与其他猪源IFN-β基因核苷酸序列同源性为99.5%～100.0%,与禽的同源性最低(35.2%);从江香猪与巴马猪、梅山猪IFN-β氨基酸同源性均为100.0%,但与贵州白香猪IFN-β同源性为99.5%,存在E43Q、K73R和C161R3处氨基酸的差异。Western blotting结果显示,带His标签的重组表达蛋白能被His单抗识别,条带大小约为24ku。本试验结果为进一步研究IFN-β基因生物学活性及加快从江香猪这一品种资源的有效利用提供参考依据。     

Cloning and Tissue Expression Analysis of PDK4 and FGF10 Genes in Guizhou Congjiang Xiang Pig

The objective of this study was to clone PDK4 and FGF10 genes, and investigate the expression level of PDK4 and FGF10 genes mRNA in different tissues of Large White pig and Congjiang Xiang pig. The PDK4 and FGF10 genes were cloned by RT-PCR and analyzed by bioinformatics, the relative expression of PDK4 and FGF10 genes were detected by Real-time PCR. The results showed that the coding region of PDK4 gene was 1 224 bp, encoding 407 amino acids; The coding region of FGF10 gene was 636 bp and encoded 211 amino acids. The homologies of nucleotide sequences of PDK4 gene with sheep, horse and human were 93%, 92% and 91%,respectively. The homologies of nucleotide sequences of FGF10 gene with sheep, cattle, human and mouse were 94%,93%, 93% and 90%, respectively. The phylogenetic tree of PDK4 gene showed that the genetic relationship of Congjiang Xiang pig, cattle and sheep were very close, the phylogenetic tree of FGF10 gene indicated that the genetic relationship of Congjiang Xiang pig, cattle, sheep, human and macaque were very close, but the genetic relationship of Congjiang Xiang pig, rat and chicken were far away. Real-time PCR results showed that, in different tissues of Congjiang Xiang pig,PDK4 gene expression in kidney tissue was higher than other tissues, with a higher expression in stomach and adipose as well,FGF10 gene expression in stomach tissue was higher than other tissues, with a higher expression in kidney and adipose as well, but both of PDK4 and FGF10 genes expression were the lowest in longissimus dorsi. In different tissues of Large White pig, both of PDK4 and FGF10 genes were expressed the highest in adipose than other tissues, PDK4 gene expression in longissimus dorsi was the lowest, while the FGF10 gene expression the lowest in heart. This study successfully cloned the PDK4 and FGF10 genes of Large White pig and Congjiang Xiang pig,and detected the relative expression of PDK4 and FGF10 genes in different tissues of Large White pig and Congjiang Xiang pig, and also provided scientific basis for further study on regulation of PDK4 and FGF10 genes on lipid metabolism and deposition.     

从江香猪ApoA1基因的克隆及亚细胞定位研究

试验旨在克隆从江香猪载脂蛋白A1（apolipoprotein A1,ApoA1）基因,研究ApoA1基因在真核细胞中的亚细胞定位情况。通过提取从江香猪总RNA,采用RT-PCR、目的基因的连接、转化等方法构建携带有绿色荧光蛋白的pEGFP-C1-ApoA1重组质粒,并经菌落PCR、双酶切及测序鉴定正确后,转染HEK-293T细胞,36 h后观察荧光,分析ApoA1蛋白在真核细胞中的亚细胞定位情况。结果表明,从江香猪ApoA1基因与GenBank上公布的野猪序列相比,有6处发生了碱基突变,其中5处为有义突变,分别导致180位氨基酸由丙氨酸变为谷氨酸、185位氨基酸由组氨酸变为谷氨酰胺、186位氨基酸由缬氨酸变为亮氨酰胺、209位氨基酸由天冬氨酸变为甘氨酸;PSORT Ⅱ Prediction和荧光共定位试验结果均表明,ApoA1蛋白的表达主要集中在细胞外基质,约占总表达量的77.8%。本试验成功克隆了从江香猪ApoA1基因CDS区,且ApoA1蛋白的表达主要集中在细胞外基质中,为进一步构建ApoA1基因转基因动物模型、开展ApoA1基因与人类因肥胖引起的相关疾病关系的研究奠定基础。     

贵州从江香猪PDK4、FGF10基因的克隆及组织表达分析

试验旨在克隆获得PDK4、FGF10基因,并研究大白猪与从江香猪不同组织中PDK4、FGF10基因mRNA的表达差异。采用RT-PCR分别克隆从江香猪PDK4、FGF10基因并进行生物信息学分析,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测PDK4、FGF10基因在大白猪和从江香猪不同组织中mRNA的相对表达量。结果显示,从江香猪PDK4基因的编码区全长1 224 bp,编码407个氨基酸;FGF10基因的编码区全长636 bp,编码211个氨基酸。经BLAST软件进行同源性比对,发现从江香猪PDK4基因与羊、马、人的核苷酸序列同源性分别为93%、92%和91%;FGF10基因与羊、牛、人、鼠的核苷酸序列同源性分别为94%、93%、93%和90%。由PDK4基因系统进化树可知,从江香猪与牛、绵羊亲缘关系较近;由FGF10基因系统进化树可知,从江香猪与绵羊、牛、人、猕猴亲缘关系较近,与小鼠和鸡亲缘关系较远。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,在从江香猪不同组织中,PDK4基因在肾脏中的表达量最高,在胃和脂肪中表达量较高,FGF10基因在胃中表达量最高,在肾脏和脂肪中表达量较高,两个基因在背最长肌中的表达量均最低;在大白猪的不同组织中,PDK4、FGF10基因在脂肪中的表达量均最高,PDK4基因在背最长肌中的表达量最低,而FGF10基因在心脏中表达量最低。本试验成功克隆了从江香猪PDK4、FGF10基因,并检测了其在大白猪与从江香猪不同组织中的表达,为进一步研究PDK4、FGF10基因在脂质代谢及脂肪沉积等方面的调控作用提供科学依据。     

原生态从江香禾糯中锌和镍的含量及其生理功能研究

[目的]测定从江香县禾糯中的锌（Zn）和镍（Ni）含量,探讨其在人体内的生理功能。[方法]以产自长寿之乡黔东南林区从江县的原生态香禾糯稻米为样品,用火焰原子吸收光谱法作测定,先采用正交试验确定Zn和M的最佳仪器测试条件,再采用微波消解FAAS法在绘制标准曲线的基础上对从江香禾糯中微量元素锌（Zn）和镍（Ni）的含量进行测定,并研究这2种元素在人体内的生理功能。[结果]标准曲线的绘制表明,Zn的线性回归方程为：c＝0．4946A＋0．0084,相关系数r=0．9996;Ni的线性回归方程为：c=0．0479A＋0．0030,相关系数r=0．99964。锌和镍含量的测定表明,从江香禾糯米含微量元素Zn和Ni分别为11．25和0．41mg／kg。[结论]黔东南林区从江县的原生态香禾糯稻米中含有适量的Zn和Ni,不但可以安全食用,而且还可以补充微量元素,达到延寿安康的效果。