内部沸腾强化肉桂皮中肉桂醛的提取工艺及机理

用少量乙醇溶液润湿肉桂皮,然后加入热水,使渗透到肉桂皮微孔内的乙醇溶液沸腾,强化提取过程。实验结果表明,肉桂醛提取得率为2.43%,高于传统水提法。提取一次所需时间仅为1~5 m in,达到或者超过微波等非常规手段强化的效果。通过对热水温度的影响分析,发现内部沸腾时,提取速率发生突变,这种突变是由于孔内沸腾时产生对流引起的。     

阴香幼苗营养元素含量及其与土壤养分的关系

研究了不同阴香群落中幼苗营养元素的含量及其与土壤养分之间的关系。结果表明:阴香幼苗营养元素含量幅度分别为:N 15.3-4.1 g/kg;P 0.4-0.2 g/kg;K 4.9-2.3 g/kg;Ca 16.1-1.9 g/kg。阴香幼苗元素含量差异显著,各器官中以叶的营养元素含量最高。各元素中以Ca的变异程度最大,变异系数为61.12%,K的变异程度最低,变异系数为25.95%。阴香幼苗各元素之间相关性显著,但与土壤养分之间相关性不显著,这主要是由阴香的生物生态学特性所决定的。     

肉桂林取代杉木林后土壤肥力变化的研究

对４年生肉桂林和杉木萌芽林的土壤肥力进行对比研究。结果表明：肉桂林的土壤结构、水分状况、孔隙组成和渗透性能均比杉木萌芽林好,土壤有机质、全Ｎ、全Ｐ、全Ｋ和速效养分含量也比杉林萌芽森有所增加。说明肉桂林取代杉木林后,林地土壤肥力得到较明显的改善。     

香樟优良无性系快繁技术的研究

选择得油率1.4%以上,其樟油含醇量96%以上、芳樟醇含量93%以上、樟脑含量低于0.1%的三年生香樟,以当年生嫩枝为外植体进行快繁技术研究。结果表明:无菌活体获取率最高的是每年2、3月接种的,1月接种的次之;筛选出适宜香樟组织培养的基本培养基为M S2[M S C a(NO3)2.4H2O 200 m g/L];继代芽培养理想的激素组合为6-BA 3.0~3.5 m g/L IAA 2.0 m g/L,继代周期25~30 d,芽增殖3.5倍,年繁殖数5.31×105;M S2 IBA 3.0 m g/L NAA 1.5 m g/L 氯化胆碱50~100 m g/L是不定根诱导的适宜培养基,生根率达86.7%;组织培养再生植株移栽成活率最高的基质是塘泥,成活率达85%。     

Do frugivorous birds assist rainforest succession in weed dominated oldfield regrowth of subtropical Australia?

Exotic plants often form the first woody vegetation that grows on abandoned farmland. If this vegetation attracts vertebrate frugivores which disperse the seeds of native plants, then native plants may recruit to such oldfield sites. However, there is debate about the extent to which exotic vegetation assists or suppresses the regeneration of native plants, and about its effects on faunal biodiversity. These issues were investigated in subtropical eastern Australia, where rainforests were cleared for agriculture in the 19th century, and where regrowth dominated by camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora, an exotic, fleshy-fruited tree) has become common on former agricultural land. The study assessed the assemblages of frugivorous birds, and the recruitment of rainforest plants, at 24 patches of camphor laurel regrowth. The patches were used by nearly all frugivorous birds associated with subtropical rainforest. Many of these birds (16 of 34 species) are considered to have a medium to high potential to disperse the seeds of rainforest plants, and eight of these were abundant and widespread in regrowth patches. Of 208 recorded plant species, 181 were native to local rainforest. The ratio of native to exotic species was higher amongst tree recruits than adult trees, both for numbers of species and individuals. Among native tree recruits, 79% of 75 species, and 93% of 1928 individuals, were potentially dispersed by birds. These recruits included many late-successional species, and there were relatively more individuals of late-successional, bird-dispersed native species amongst recruits than adult trees. The species richness, but not the abundance, of both frugivorous birds and of bird-dispersed rainforest trees decreased with distance from major rainforest remnants. Camphor laurel regrowth provides habitat for rainforest birds and creates conditions suitable for the regeneration of native rainforest plants on abandoned farmland. Careful management of regrowth dominated by fleshy-fruited exotic invasive trees can provide an opportunity for broadscale reforestation in extensively-cleared landscapes.     

胡椒和肉桂挥发性组成分析及对普通大蓟马的驱避作用

豇豆农药残留问题非常严峻, 对豇豆上普通大蓟马的化学防治是造成豇豆农残超标的主要原因, 开展普通大蓟马的绿色防治迫在眉睫。利用植物挥发物驱避害虫是一种重要的害虫绿色防控手段。本研究利用GC-MS分析了胡椒和肉桂的挥发性化合物组成, 并利用“Y”形嗅觉仪测定了胡椒和肉桂及5种主要挥发物对普通大蓟马的驱避作用。结果表明, 在胡椒中鉴定出27种挥发性成分, 主要成分为β-石竹烯, 含量占43.1%; 在肉桂中鉴定出21种挥发性成分, 主要成分为肉桂醛(28.4%)、α-可巴烯(15.4%)、α-依兰油烯(14.1%)、γ-杜松烯(14.9%)。行为反应测定结果表明胡椒和肉桂对普通大蓟马分别具有极显著和显著的驱避作用; β-石竹烯、肉桂醛、α-可巴烯浓度为10%和1%时对普通大蓟马具有极显著的驱避作用, 10%的α-依兰油烯和10%的γ-杜松烯对普通大蓟马分别具有极显著和显著的驱避作用。本研究对豇豆普通大蓟马绿色防控技术研发和驱避剂的开发具有一定指导意义。     

香樟的引种与驯化研究

对香樟(Cinnamomum camphora(Linn)Presl)由原产地引进北方园林的主要制约因素——冬季低温及越冬抗寒能力进行研究，观察比较越冬失败的原因，总结出了引种驯化的技术经验，使香樟真正落户于北方园林。     

樟树林生态系统中多环芳烃含量和分布特征

利用气相色谱仪 (GC)对樟树林生态系统中植物体各器官和林地土壤的多环芳烃 (PAHs)进行定性和定量测定。结果表明 :乔木层樟树各器官中树皮的PAHs含量最高 ,为 86 4 1μg·kg- 1 ;树干最低 ,为 2 84 3μg·kg- 1 ;其他依次为籽实 (75 2 0 μg·kg- 1 ) >树根 (7115 μg·kg- 1 ) >树枝 (5 35 2 μg·kg- 1 ) >树叶 (4 4 81μg·kg- 1 )。樟树林生态系统中PAHs含量空间分布为 :枯枝落叶层 (92 35 μg·kg- 1 ) >乔木层 (5 995 μg·kg- 1 ) >草本层 (36 31μg·kg- 1 ) >土壤层(14 6 6 μg·kg- 1 ) >灌木层 (2 4 5 μg·kg- 1 )。与无林地土壤的PAHs含量 (3470 μg·kg- 1 )相比 ,樟树林土壤的PAHs含量低 5 0 %以上。同时 ,随大气降水进入樟树林的PAHs,经过林木的吸附和降解后 ,林内降水和地表径流的PAHs种类和含量明显减少 ,说明樟树林生态系统对PAHs具有吸附和降解作用。     

桂林岩溶石山阴香种群的空间分布格局

通过野外调查,选取6块有代表性的样地,采用点格局分析方法研究了阴香种群的空间分布格局。结果表明,6块样地中,Q1和Q5样地阴香种群多数尺度上表现为集群分布,Q2和Q3以随机分布为主,Q4和Q6样地少数尺度上为集群分布,多数尺度上呈随机分布。阴香种群的空间分布格局与物种本身的繁殖特性、生境条件以及种内种间竞争等密切相关,由岩石的覆盖而形成的小环境对种群的分布格局类型有影响。点格局分析法较好地体现了不同尺度下阴香种群的分布格局特征。     

浙江桂幼龄材的生长特性及主要材性

以3株6年生浙江桂幼龄材为试材,研究了其生物量、材积、基本物理力学性能及生长轮的宽度、纤维长度、宽度、微纤丝角和结晶度的径向变异规律。结果表明,浙江桂幼龄材单株平均总生物量27.93 kg,平均材积0.0124 m3,生长轮平均宽度9.15 mm（3.12~10.57 mm）,基本密度为0.414 g/ cm3,除髓心外其余各生长轮宽度和密度无明显差异,反映浙江桂生长较为稳定;顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度和弹性模量等物理力学综合性能中上等;纤维长度为830.6μm（581~1043μm）,纤维宽度为23.6μm（21~24μm）,结晶度为38.46％~58.43％,微纤丝角为13.6°~24.6°;纤维长度、宽度和结晶度自髓心向外逐渐增加,微纤丝角自髓心向外逐渐减小,结晶度与纤维长度、宽度间相关性极显著。