矮壮素在棉田的调控效果研究

在棉花初花期和盛花期,用50%矮壮素水剂进行茎叶喷雾处理,能够使棉花株型紧凑,株高降低,果枝缩短,增加霜前花数量和霜前花产量并提高籽棉产量;对单株总铃数、铃重和衣分等影响不大;对棉花品质基本没有影响.     

Effect of CCC and daminozide on growth of silver birch container seedlings during three years after spraying

Applications of growth retardants, daminozide and CCC (chlormequatchloride), were studied in order to determine their effects on morphology and post-planting growth of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) container seedlings. Daminozide was sprayed once (on 28 June at concentrations of 1.0 – 6.0 g l^–1) and CCC was sprayed twice (on 29 June and 27 July at concentrations of 0.5–3.0 gl^–1). Height growth, morphology of seedlings at the end of the growing season, the shoot and root growth potential the following spring and field performance during the following seasons were measured. During the first summer in the nursery, both daminozide and CCC retarded height growth,but daminozide was more effective. The effects of compounds on stem diameter during the summer of application were small. Neither of the compounds affected the field performance of seedlings. The most suitable applications for retardation of height growth, without negative effects on other morphological variables, were 4 g l^–1 (32 mg per seedling) for daminozide and 2 g l^–1 (16 mg per seedling), sprayed in two applications, for CCC.     

矮壮素对一串红幼苗生长的影响

研究了不同浓度的矮壮素(CCC)喷施一串红穴盘苗对其植株高度、叶面积、叶绿素含量、全株干重和根冠比的影响。结果表明:浓度0.01%、0.02%、0.04%CCC均能明显抑制一串红穴盘苗的株高,使其株型紧凑,叶面积减小,叶绿素含量增加,叶色浓绿。其中,以浓度0.02%CCC处理的效果最好。     

市售小麦和玉米中矮壮素残留现状调查

[目的]了解市售小麦和玉米中矮壮素的残留现状。[方法]建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析小麦和玉米中的矮壮素的方法,并对产自4个不同省份的玉米和小麦样品进行了抽样检测。[结果]小麦和玉米样品经甲醇超声提取、高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定,小麦中矮壮素添加浓度分别为0.5～10.0 mg/kg时,平均回收率达96%～103%,变异系数为2.6%～4.3%,玉米中矮壮素添加浓度为0.5～10.0 mg/kg时,平均回收率达92%～98%,变异系数为2.0%～3.7%,最低检出浓度(LOQ)为0.01 mg/kg,方法的准确度、精密度、灵敏度均符合农药残留的分析要求;所测4个省份玉米和小麦样品中矮壮素的残留量水平均低于方法的最低检出浓度(0.01mg/kg)。[结论]为市场小麦和玉米中矮壮素残留监管提供了参考。     

An Analysis of the Response of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Components to Cycocel (Chlormequat) Application

Field-grown winter wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Avalon) plants were treated with a formulation of 1.25 % Cycocel (2-Chloroethyl trimethylammonium chloride) and 0.5% LI-700 (acidified soya lecithin) at the beginning of stem extension in order to identify the component parts that are most affected and on which an assessment of the effectiveness of Cycocel formulations can be based. Cycocel consistently reduced culm length due to the reduction of the lengths of the first three basal internodes by 43, 37 and 15 % respectively. In absolute terms, the second internode contributed most to stem reduction, a feature retained up till maturity. There was evidence of relative dry matter redistribution from the stem to the leaves, while growth rate was slowed down such that treated plants matured later than the controls. The youngest fully opened leaf at the time of Cycocel application showed a transient reduction in length, area and dry weight, while total leaf area was largely unchanged. From the results, measurement of the lengths of the first two internodes proved to be the most sensitive indicator of effective Cycocel uptake.     

Growth and flowering of black iris (Iris nigricans Dinsm.) following treatment with plant growth regulators

The effects of application method and concentration of gibberellic acid (GA₃), paclobutrazol and chlormequat on black iris performance were assessed. Plants (10 cm high, 4 ± 1 leaves) were sprayed with 125, 250, 375 or 500 mg L⁻¹ or drenched with 0.25, 0.5, 1 or 2 mg L⁻¹ GA₃. In a second experiment, the plants were sprayed with 100, 250, 500 or 1000 mg L⁻¹ or drenched with 0.25, 0.5, 1 or 2 mg L⁻¹ paclobutrazol. Other plants were sprayed with 250, 500, 1000 or 1500 mg L⁻¹ or drenched with 100, 250, 375 or 550 mg L⁻¹ chlormequat. In each experiment, the control treatment consisted of untreated plants. Results indicated that the tallest plants (37.3 cm) in the GA₃ experiment were those sprayed with 250 mg L⁻¹. The most rapid flowering (160 days after planting) occurred when a 375 mg L⁻¹ GA₃ spray was used, whereas flowering was delayed to 200 days using 1 mg L⁻¹ GA₃ drench. Drenching with 1 mg L⁻¹ GA₃ increased height of the flower stalk by 7 cm compared to the control. Though relatively slow to flower, plants drenched with 1 mg L⁻¹ GA₃ had long and rigid stalks, which were suitable as cut flowers. Number and characteristics of the sprouts were not affected by GA₃. All paclobutrazol sprays resulted in leaf falcation. A 500 or 1000 mg L⁻¹ paclobutrazol spray resulted in severe and undesirable control of plant height, drastic reduction in stalk height and weight, and delayed flowering. Plants drenched with 0.25 or 1 mg L⁻¹ paclobutrazol were suitable as pot plants. Chlormequat reduced plant height only at the highest drench concentration, which also reduced flowering to 70%. No leaf falcation was observed with GA₃ or chlormequat. Chemical names: ( ± )-(R*,R*)-beta-((4-chlorophenyl)methyl)-alpha-(1,1,-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4,-triazol-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol); (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (chlormequat).     

矮壮素浸种对不同小麦品种萌发生长及水分利用效率的影响

通过培养试验研究了不同浓度矮壮素浸种对不同小麦品种种子萌发、幼苗生长及水分利用效率的影响。室内培养试验表明,低浓度矮壮素(≤10.0g/kg)处理提高了小偃22和陕229的发芽率、发芽势和幼苗及根的干重,高浓度(>50.0g/kg)处理则表现出明显的抑制作用;与陕229相比,小偃22对矮壮素较敏感,更容易受高浓度矮壮素的危害。土培试验表明,不同浓度矮壮素浸种提高了小偃22和小偃6号小麦叶片的叶绿素含量、光合作用速率,促进了小麦根系生长及干物质的累积。用矮壮素浸种对小麦水分利用效率的影响与小麦品种及水分供应水平有关。正常水分下,小偃22水分利用效率提高幅度明显高于小偃6号,水分胁迫时则反之,且水分胁迫下,矮壮素2.0g/kg浸种小偃6号水分利用效率提高幅度最明显。两试验均以矮壮素浓度2.0g/kg浸种效果较好。     

微生物菌剂和矮壮素组合处理对穴盘丝瓜幼苗徒长的抑制作用

[目的]筛选适宜常熟地区穴盘丝瓜幼苗徒长的抑制方法,为集约化穴盘育苗提供理论和实践依据。[方法]以春语微生物菌剂和不同浓度的矮壮素分别对连栋大棚日光温室内丝瓜育苗基质进行底水浇灌处理,研究不同处理对工厂化丝瓜幼苗徒长调控的作用。[结果]播种前用稀释100倍的春语微生物菌剂和0.2 m L/L矮壮素溶液以浇透底水的方式处理的丝瓜幼苗壮苗效果最为显著,与对照相比,SPAD值显著增加,株高矮化显著,茎粗增加明显,根冠比和壮苗指数也显著升高。[结论]在播种前用稀释100倍的春语微生物菌剂和0.2 m L/L矮壮素溶液浇透育苗基质的方法来控制丝瓜幼苗的徒长,达到壮苗的目的。     

CCC对风仙花生长与开花的影响

以凤仙花为试材，喷施CCC后使植株显著矮化，叶片变小，加厚，花期推迟，花序长度、花序节间长度缩短，叶绿素含量增加，呼吸强度提高，过氧化物酶活性增强。上述一系列变化，促使植株矮化、株型紧凑、生长茁壮，具有较高的观赏价值。     

非洲凤仙的矮化处理研究

[目的]针对不同的生长抑制剂种类和浓度对非洲凤仙(Impatiens walleriana)种苗出圃不及时造成的徒长进行研究,找到合适的生长抑制剂种类和浓度.[方法]以非洲凤仙穴盘苗为材料,设置矮壮素(500、1 000、2 000 mg/L)、B9(500、1 000、2 000 mg/L)和多效唑(5、10、20 mg/L)3种生长抑制剂,以喷施清水为对照,测定株高、下胚轴长、最大节间长和叶片数.[结果]试验表明,施用3种生长抑制剂后均能不同程度地抑制非洲凤仙种苗的株高和最大节间长,同一种生长抑制剂随着浓度的增加,其抑制效果逐渐增强;但是对非洲凤仙种苗的下胚轴长和叶片数没有显著影响.施用矮壮素以1 000 mg/L合适,B9浓度应高于2 000 mg/L,而多效唑浓度应低于5 mg/L.[结论]研究对花卉种苗产业化具有重要意义.