高压电击法防治黄斑星天牛的研究

对黄斑星天牛虫害木(毛白杨)施以高压电击的实验结果表明,高压电击法对杀灭黄斑星天牛1～3龄幼虫效果明晃,死亡率达70%～80%;各龄幼虫停止取食率80%～90%.高压电击法在防治木材害虫、树木蛀干害虫及木材检疫上具有广阔的开发应用前景.     

核桃枝枯病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

In May 2018,a new shoot dieback disease was found in several walnut orchards in Rizhao,Shandong Province.The fungal pathogen was obtained on PDA plate from diseased walnut shoots using a tissue isolation method.The purified fungal isolates formed white to grey colonies on PDA plate and three single spore isolates SDWa1-SDWa3 were obtained.Based on morphological characteristics and analysis of rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS),calmodulin (CAL),translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) and β-tubulin (TUB) sequences,the fungal isolates were identified as Diaporthe nobilis,a new pathogen on walnut.The test of Koch's rule confirmed that D.nobilis was the pathogen of walnut shoot dieback.To determine optimal growing conditions for the pathogen,its biological characteristics test was conducted.The results showed that the optimal growth temperature and pH value were at 25℃ and pH 5-9,respectively.The optimum carbon source was glucose,and favourable nitrogen source was peptone.     

Ocular teratoid medulloepithelioma in a northern red-shouldered macaw: case report and literature review

A 4-mo-old northern red-shouldered macaw (Diopsittaca nobilis) was admitted to the veterinary hospital of the Arruda Câmara Zoo, in the State of Paraiba, Brazil, for investigation of an orbital mass. Given rapid progression and lack of response to treatment, the bird was euthanized, and an autopsy was performed. Histologically, the mass consisted of a retrobulbar invasive tumor characterized by tubular and rosette-like structures, with interspersed heteroplastic tissues, such as aggregates of neuroglial cells and islands of hyaline cartilage. The tumor was immunopositive for pancytokeratin, GFAP, NSE, and S100. These findings were compatible with an ocular teratoid medulloepithelioma, a neoplasm best described in humans but also reported rarely in young cockatiels and African Grey parrots.     

Genetic analysis of Aequipecten opercularis and Mimachlamys varia (Bivalvia: Pectinidae) in several Atlantic and Mediterranean localities, revealed by mitochondrial PCR-RFLPs: a preliminary study

Aequipecten opercularis (Queen scallop) and Mimachlamys (Chlamys) varia (Black scallop) are important natural resources occurring in Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. To develop an optimal sustainable exploitation plan, it is important to study the genetic structure of the different populations. In this study, we used polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphisms for the determination of the genetic variation and population structure of these two species in different localities. Ten composite haplotypes were generated for A. opercularis and 15 haplotypes for M. varia. Of these, six and four were unique respectively. The analysis of the distribution of the different haplotypes between the localities showed no clear evidence of subdivision in A. opercularis, while in M. varia the results indicated that the two localities analysed should be managed as separate stocks.     

铅对栉孔扇贝血淋巴中非特异性酯酶和髓过氧化物酶活性的影响

测定了栉孔扇贝在不同浓度铅(Pb2 )胁迫下血清与血细胞中非特异性酯酶(NSE)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)的活性变化.结果表明,当Pb2 浓度在0.02mg·L-1和0.05mg·L-1时,血清中的酯酶活力和血细胞中以α-丁酸萘酯为底物的酯酶活力均高于对照组,当Pb2 浓度达到0.1 mg·L-1时,酶活力均低于对照组;血清和血细胞中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)的活性变化随着Pb2 浓度的升高呈现较明显的抑制-诱导-抑制规律.栉孔扇贝血淋巴中两种酶对水体中Pb2 污染反映比较灵敏,可以作为检测海洋早期铅污染的一个生理指标.     

氯氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯对栉孔扇贝抗氧化能力的影响

研究了用不同浓度的氯氰菊酯(5、25、125μg/L)和氰戊菊酯(25、125、625μg/L)浸泡栉孔扇贝Chlamys farreri3、6、9、12和15 d后,对血清、内脏囊和鳃组织中的SOD、CAT活性及血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)的影响。结果表明:栉孔扇贝血清和各组织中的CAT活性随着氯氰菊酯浓度的升高而增加,氯氰菊酯浓度为125μg/L时,CAT活性最高;而氰戊菊酯浓度为25μg/L时,CAT的活性最高,然后随着浓度的增加其活性降低;当氯氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯浓度分别为5、25μg/L时,各组织中SOD活性和血清T-AOC值出现最大值,然后随着浓度的增加其活性降低。随着农药处理时间的延长,血清中的T-AOC和SOD活性、组织中CAT活性呈现下降趋势;而组织中SOD活性、血清中CAT活性表现为先上升后下降的趋势。另外,栉孔扇贝的抗氧化能力具有组织特异性,鳃组织中SOD活性值的早期变化可作为两种农药对栉孔扇贝氧化毒性的敏感指标。     

扇贝种间杂交的可行性及幼体早期发育的初步研究

用栉孔扇贝Chlamys farreri、海湾扇贝Argopecten irradians、虾夷扇贝Patinopecten yessoensis和华贵栉孔扇贝Chlamys nobilis进行多种杂交组合及自交,试验分为8组,即海湾扇贝♀×虾夷扇贝♂、虾夷扇贝♀×海湾扇贝♂、虾夷扇贝♀×华贵栉孔扇贝♂、虾夷扇贝♀×栉孔扇贝♂、栉孔扇贝♀×虾夷扇贝♂5个杂交组和虾夷扇贝、海湾扇贝、栉孔扇贝3个自交组,在不同温度下比较了各杂交组配子的亲和力,同时对胚胎发育及早期幼虫的生长结果进行比较。结果发现,在适温范围内各杂交组正、反交均可受精,其中栉孔扇贝♀×虾夷扇贝♂、虾夷扇贝♀×栉孔扇贝♂杂交组受精率较高,可达80%以上;杂交子一代的D型幼虫大小性状与母本相似。另外还对杂交组合受精率、成活率较低的成因进行了探讨。     

鲢鳙打印病豚鼠气单胞菌主要特性及系统发育学分析

对从鲢(Hypophthalmichthysmolitrix)鳙(Aristichthysnobilis)打印病病死鱼中分离到的豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonascaviae),进行了形态与理化特性等方面较系统的表观分类学指征鉴定。同时择代表菌株(HC960704-1)进行了16SrRNA基因的分子鉴定,测定了16SrRNA基因序列、分析了相关细菌相应序列的同源性,构建了系统发生树;HC960704-1的16SrRNA基因序列长度为1416bp(GenBank登录号:AY966888),与GenBank数据库中的气单胞菌16SrRNA基因序列的相似性在98%和100%。     

响应面法优化鳙鱼鱼肉蛋白的酶解工艺

[目的]为鳙鱼及其他淡水鱼鱼肉蛋白资源的高价值利用提供指导。[方法]首先比较6种不同蛋白酶水解鳙鱼鱼肉蛋白的能力,找出酶解能力最高的蛋白酶。通过响应面分析法优化酶解鳙鱼蛋白的工艺条件,探讨酶解过程中酶底物浓度比（[E]/[S]）、pH值和温度对酶解物水解度的影响。并分析酶解物的氨基酸组成。[结果]碱性蛋白酶水解鳙鱼鱼肉蛋白的能力最强,蛋白回收率最高。其酶解鳙鱼鱼肉蛋白的最佳工艺条件为：[E]/[S]1.7%、pH值9.7,温度57℃。鳙鱼鱼肉蛋白在该条件下水解度理论值为25.24%。氨基酸组成分析结果表明,该工艺下所得酶解物的氨基酸组成与鳙鱼鱼肉蛋白的氨基酸组成差别不大,酶解物很好地保持了鱼肉蛋白的特定氨基酸模式。[结论]优化了镛鱼鱼肉蛋白的酶解工艺。     

多菌灵·氟硅唑防治贡柑炭疽病田间药效试验

为评价复配药剂37%多菌灵·氟硅唑可湿性粉剂防治贡柑炭疽病的效果及其对贡柑的安全性,连续两年进行了37%多菌灵·氟硅唑可湿性粉剂防治贡柑炭疽病的田间药效试验。试验结果表明,37%多菌灵·氟硅唑可湿性粉剂有效成分用量148、185和246.7 mg/L对贡柑炭疽病有较好的防治效果,施药3次后10 d调查,2014年的防治效果分别为71.90%、79.48%和90.16%,2015年分别为65.09%、76.18%和87.36%,该药剂值得在生产上推广应用。