壳寡糖及其复合聚合氯化铝絮凝微藻富集的研究

［目的］ 为了找到可以加速微藻富集的合适絮凝剂。［方法］ 制备了壳聚糖的降解产物壳寡糖,用于绿色巴夫藻（Pavlovaviridis Tseng, Chen et Zhang）和小球藻（Chloreiia spp.） 絮凝富集。［结果］ 终浓度为30 mg/L以上的壳寡糖溶液对2种藻类具有显著的促沉降效应。当壳寡糖与6 mg/L聚合氯化铝混合使用时,壳寡糖/聚合氯化铝促沉降效应明显提高。［结论］ 壳寡糖可以用于微藻大规模生产的采收。     

低聚壳聚糖在水稻上的应用研究

0.3 g/L低聚壳聚糖水剂是一种新型植物生长调节剂。通过在水稻苗期和秧田期使用该水剂,探讨其对水稻生长及产量的影响。结果表明:0.3 g/L低聚壳聚糖水剂可促进水稻根系发育和分蘖;增加千粒重,提高产量;对恶苗病防效达48%。其较佳使用方法为苗期浇灌,移栽返青后茎叶喷雾。     

微生物壳聚糖酶的研究及其降解产物壳寡糖在食品领域的应用

介绍了壳聚糖酶的来源、分类及其理化性质,总结了国内外产壳聚糖酶菌株的研究进展,并对其降解产物壳寡糖的生理功能和在食品领域中的应用进行了概述。     

芽孢杆菌与壳寡糖混施对基质环境和黄瓜幼苗生长的影响

旨在研究生物源物质对黄瓜幼苗的促生效果，提出绿色高效育苗新技术。以清水灌根为对照（CK），壳寡糖灌根（T1） 、解淀粉芽孢杆菌XY-13灌根（T2）、壳寡糖与解淀粉芽孢杆菌混合灌根（T3）为处理，系统分析芽孢杆菌与壳寡糖混施对基质养分、黄瓜幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：T3处理有机质、全氮、速效氮、EC等指标较CK提高77.3%、31.6%、394.8%、121.1%，速效磷含量下降。在基质养分活化方面，T3处理最佳， T2优于T1。除根冠比外，T2处理各生长指标显著高于T1处理，T3处理各生长指标最佳，T3壮苗指数相对于CK、T1、T2处理提升了91.3%、55.4%、39.7%。T3累积的生物量均显著高于其他处理，呈现T3＞T2＞T1＞CK的变化趋势。T2处理根长显著高于其他处理，T3处理根体积、根直径均显著高于其他处理，根系发育状况良好。菌剂对黄瓜幼苗根系生长起到显著的促进作用。T2、T3处理蒸腾速率显著高于CK及T1处理，气孔导度显著高于CK处理。相较CK、T1、T2处理，T3净光合速率显著提高了136.2%、80.6%、 35.3%。解淀粉芽孢杆菌和壳寡糖混施处理在基质养分活化、光合指标、根系发育方面的效果优于单一处理，更优于对照，对培育黄瓜壮苗具有重要生产指导意义。     

叶面喷施壳寡糖对‘赤霞珠’葡萄幼苗抗低温胁迫的影响

以“赤霞珠” 葡萄扦插苗为试材,研究叶面喷施不同浓度的壳寡糖对葡萄幼苗抗低温胁迫的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施不同浓度的壳寡糖可明显降低“赤霞珠”葡萄叶片的相对电导率和丙二醛含量,提高叶片中可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性。100mg/L的壳寡糖显著提高了葡萄叶片中可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量,极显著的提高了叶片中SOD、CAT、POD和质膜ATPase酶的活性和基因表达量,使叶片的相对电导率和丙二醛含量极显著的降低。因此,叶面喷施适当浓度的壳寡糖可通过提高葡萄叶片中的可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量和活性氧代谢关键酶活性和基因的表达量来提高葡萄抗低温胁迫的能力。     

大豆种子几丁质酶对壳聚糖降解的研究

大豆种子经甲壳低聚糖处理后发芽的提取物作用于DD值为71．1%的壳聚糖15分钟，可使其乙酸盐溶液的VDP值达60％以上。初步纯化的大豆几丁质酶可降解壳聚糖释放还原糖且较适合降解DD值低的壳聚糖，其作用于DD值71．1％的壳聚糖37．5小时可得到平均聚合度为4—5的水溶性甲壳低聚糖，得率为40％左右。     

利用虾壳清洁化生产不同脱乙酰度壳寡糖及其抗TMV效果研究

壳寡糖的传统生产工艺是采用HCl和NaOH处理甲壳类制备壳聚糖,再酶解获得壳寡糖,生产过程中含高浓度Cl–和Na+的废水对环境造成严重污染。本研究采用H3PO4和KOH为反应溶液建立壳聚糖的绿色生产工艺,并制得不同脱乙酰度的壳寡糖,探究了不同脱乙酰度壳寡糖抗烟草花叶病毒(TMV)的效果。结果显示,通过该生产工艺制得壳寡糖的脱乙酰度分别为63.79%、72.12%、79.34%和88.15%,分子量均为1500 Da左右。脱乙酰度为79.34%和88.15%的壳寡糖诱导植株对TMV产生抗病性,表现出对TMV进行体外钝化、抑制TMV在寄主内的复制和提高植物体内过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的活性。     

壳寡糖的制备方法及其在食品中的应用现状

壳寡糖是天然糖中唯一大量存在的碱性氨基多糖,安全无毒,具有良好的水溶性和优越的生物活性。概述了壳寡糖的物理、化学、生物、复合制备方法及其在果蔬保鲜、功能性食品、食品配料中的应用,并展望了壳寡糖在食品中的应用前景。     

木霉几丁质酶和几丁寡糖的制备及提纯

[目的]为木霉几丁质酶和几丁寡糖的开发应用提供必要的技术支持。[方法]由高产几丁质酶的木霉菌株YHS-1液体振荡培养得到木霉几丁质酶粗酶液,分别测定了木霉菌株YHS-1在不同时间、不同温度下的几丁质酶活值,优化木霉产酶条件。并研究了几丁寡糖的制备及提纯方法。[结果]供试木霉最佳产酶温度为35℃,最佳产酶时间为4 d,此时酶活值为55 U。几丁质酶粗酶液通过(NH4)2SO4分级沉淀、阴离子交换柱层析、SDS-PAGE提纯后可以达到层析纯,出现单一并且峰值很高的层析峰,电泳确认2条带,分别为几丁质外切酶和几丁质内切酶。几丁寡糖用初提纯的几丁质酶与过量的胶态几丁质反应得到粗溶液,再经过蛋白质沉淀和冷冻离心后得到纯化。[结论]建立了木霉几丁质酶和几丁寡糖的制备及提纯方法,为木霉几丁质酶和几丁寡糖的开发应用提供了必要的技术支持。     

Effects of chitooligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics and immune responses after lipopolysaccharide challenge in weanling pigs

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with chitooligosaccharide (COS) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics and immune response in lipopolysaccharide-challenged weanling pigs. A total of 90 crossbred weanling pigs (5.44 ± 0.50 kg BW) were employed in Exp. 1. The three dietary treatments were basal diets supplemented with 0, 2.5, and 5 g COS/kg, and fed for 28 d. Each treatment had 6 replications with 5 pigs per pen. Increasing the level of supplemental COS tended to linearly (P < 0.10) improve ADG and ADFI during phase 2 and overall period, while there were no differences in G:F. The linear improvement in the apparent DM (P < 0.05) and N (P < 0.10) digestibility in pigs fed COS supplemented diets was noticed. The tested blood characteristics were not influenced under non-challenge conditions. In Exp. 2, a total of 20 pigs (5.22 ± 0.31 kg BW) were initially assigned to two dietary treatments and fed basal diets supplemented with 0 or 0.5 g COS/kg for 28 d. At the end of d 28, half of the pigs in each treatment (n = 5) were injected i.p. with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide at a concentration of 100 μg/kg of BW. The other half of the pigs in each treatment were injected with sterile saline solution at a concentration of 100 μg/kg of BW. This arrangement resulted in a 2 × 2 factorial design with diet and LPS challenge as the main effects. Blood sample and rectal temperature data were collected at 0, 2, 4 and 12 h post-challenge. Rectal temperatures increased as the result of LPS injection at 4 and 12 h post-challenge (P < 0.05). Serum cortisol, IGF-1, and TNF-α concentration were also increased as the result of LPS challenge (P < 0.05). The COS treatments resulted in lower cortisol concentrations at 2 h and higher IGF-1 concentrations at 4 h post-challenge (P < 0.05). COS and LPS interactions were also observed on cortisol and IGF-1 when the COS effects were presented (P < 0.05). Haptoglobin concentrations remained unaffected throughout the challenge period. White blood cell counts were increased in the LPS-treated pigs at 2 and 4 h post-challenge (P < 0.01). Lymphocyte count was elevated at 2 h and reduced at 12 h post-challenge as the result of LPS challenge (P < 0.05). However, there were no COS main effects observed on lymphocyte count throughout the challenge period. The comparison between two LPS challenged treatments also indicated that COS treatment has beneficial effects on rectal temperature, cortisol and IGF-1 concentrations. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with COS had little effect on nutrient digestibility and inflammatory stress markers in weanling pigs.