Growth performance of Black Bengal,Saanen, and their crossbred F1 as affected by sex,litter size,and season of kidding

The objective of the present study was to determine the factors that influenced growth performance of the goat kids of Black Bengal (BB), Saanen (SA), and their crossbred F1 (male Bengal × female Saanen [BBSA] and male Saanen × female Black Bengal [SABB]). Data for 674 kids were analyzed from 316 litters and 134 does. All kids were weekly measured on their characteristics (body weight, length, height at the withers, and chest girth) from birth to 11 weeks old. The kid’s breed and sex, litter size, and season of kidding influenced birth weight and other characteristics through the experiment. The SA and BBSA kids showed similar performance, which were higher than BB and SABB kids. Male kids had higher performance than female kids, and kids from a single litter showed the highest performance. Kids born during rainy season showed lower performance than those born in hot and cool seasons. In conclusion, the crossbred BBSA is superior to SABB or BB to raise in tropical climate Moreover, sex, litter size, and kidding season also affected growth performance during the preweaning period up to 11 weeks old.     

北京水系中腐霉和疫腐霉种类调查

为研究北京地区水系中腐霉和疫腐霉种类分布,采用叶饵法从北京水系中诱集菌株,共分离到腐霉、疫腐霉182株,利用Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP)进行分析,筛选出不同基因型的代表菌株,并依据形态学特征及ITS序列对这些菌株进行种类鉴定。结果共发现6个已知种和3个可能的新种,其中:湖滨疫腐霉Phytopythium litorale和果胶裂解腐霉Pythium pectinolyticum为国内新记录种;旋柄疫腐霉Pp.helicoides、异丝腐霉P.diclinum、簇囊腐霉P.torulosum和袋囊腐霉P.marsipium为北京地区新记录种。研究结果可为未来监测北京地区水系中病原菌的分布情况提供基础数据。     

基于全基因组填充重测序关联分析鉴别影响苏山猪初生体尺与乳头数性状的遗传位点

旨在鉴别影响苏山猪初生体尺和乳头数性状的遗传位点,开发可用于辅助育种的分子标记,为苏山猪生长和繁殖性能的持续选育提供理论基础。本试验对269头苏山猪初生仔猪(出生后24 h内)的体尺和乳头数表型进行测定,并采集耳组织样品。基于全基因组重测序及基因型填充策略,利用全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study, GWAS)和群体分化指数(fixation index,Fst)的方法挖掘与目的性状强关联位点,并对位置功能候选基因开展GO和KEGG分析,确定最有可能的主效基因。本研究共鉴别到4个候选位点,分布在13、14和X染色体上,其中与初生体尺性状显著关联的位点有2个,与乳头数性状显著关联的位点有2个。本研究筛选出1个与体长性状相关的候选基因ACTA2;1个与胸围性状相关的候选基因COL4A6;3个与乳头数性状相关的候选基因ACTA2、CRTAP和SEPTIN6,为苏山猪初生体尺性状和乳头数性状的遗传改良提供了重要的分子标记。     

奶牛体型评定三维图像同步采集系统

设计奶牛体型评定三维图像同步采集系统,采用集散控制结构协调奶牛定位设备、图像采集装置按预定时序工作,应用3个CCD彩色摄像机与具有多通道、多独立图像芯片的DHQP300型图像采集卡,实现了奶牛三维图像同步采集;采用LabVIEW软件作为采集主程序,通过调用动态链接库控制通用图像采集卡,选用场方式采集模式提高图像质量.试验证明,每头奶牛的图像采集与线性评定时间在3min左右,小于5min(标准).图像噪声较少,边缘信息清晰,完全满足后续特征提取算法对图像质量的要求.     

中国优秀旅游城市空间分布及其动力机制研究

优秀旅游城市是我国旅游经济活力的主要释放点,对其进行空间分析有助于认识我国旅游业发展的空间格局。通过最邻近指数计算,判断出中国优秀旅游城市在空间形态上呈凝聚型。进一步探究这种不均衡性的区际分异,则发现不仅存在东、中、西三大经济区的分布态势差异,在同一个区内,还存在不同等级优秀旅游城市的分布态势差异。文章分别从区域经济水平、城市体系结构以及旅游资源分布三个方面给出解释。最后针对不同区域给出相应的城市旅游发展策略。     

张仲景论治胸痹思想探析

张仲景论治胸痹具有独到认识,概括起来有如下4个方面：阳微阴弦,以定虚实之机;虚瘀相因,以分标本之型;五脏相关,以论和调之治;遣方施药,以明复阳之效。张仲景立足阳微阴弦的脉象角度,着重从虚实进行致痹阐述,创立以宣痹通阳为主的温通之法,对现代中医的临床运用有着重要的学术价值和指导意义。     

Molecular typing of Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from fish

The genetic variability among Streptococcus agalactiae isolates recovered from fish was characterized using single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of the intergenic spacer region (ISR), and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting. A total of 46 S. agalactiae cultures isolated from different fish species and geographic origins as well as related reference strains were included in the study. ISR-SSCP divided the S. agalactiae isolates analysed into five distinct genotypes. Genotype 1 grouped all Kuwait isolates while genotype 4 clustered the majority of non-Kuwait isolates (USA, Brazil and Honduras). AFLP analysis offered a higher resolution level by dividing the isolates into 13 different genotypes. Two different AFLP profiles were identified within the Kuwait isolates. When data from both ISR-SSCP and AFLP were combined through a multidimensional analysis (MDS), a good correlation between geographical origin and genotypes was observed. Both AFLP and ISR-SSCP revealed genetic differences between S. agalactiae isolates from fish. While AFLP offered a higher resolution, ISR-SSCP also provided valid information being a simpler and faster method.     

Associations between yearling body measurements and career racing performance in Thoroughbred racehorses

Yearling morphometric measurements and variables related to career racing performance were collected on 260 Thoroughbreds to determine correlations between and among these traits. Morphometric measurements were adjusted to 365 days based on interpolation from adjacent age points and included wither and hip height, body length, distal limb length, cannon circumference, heartgirth circumference, and chest width. Measures of career racing ability included total earnings, win percentage, and Standard Starts Index (SSI). Wither height and hip height were favorably correlated with lifetime earnings, SSI, and win percentage. Body length and heartgirth were positively correlated with SSI and win percentage. Leg traits were not correlated with any performance parameters. Horses that had placed in or won a stakes race tended to be taller at the wither and hip as yearlings. Horses categorized as preferring turf tended to be taller at the wither and hip at 365 days than those that preferred to run on dirt. No significant difference in yearling morphometric measurements between sprinters and routers was detected. In addition to phenotype and pedigree information, morphometric measurements taken in the yearling year may allow for more accurate estimation of future performance in the Thoroughbred racehorse.     

生物腔室构造与生物进化关系的研究——从生物腔室特征与其生命功能相适应的现象论证达尔文的生物进化论的科学观点

从生物的腔室的主要特征以及腔室的定义和基本特征着手,对腔室结构中的封闭性、牢固性、保护性和腔室之间的统一性进行分析,论证了腔室与其生命功能相适应是生物进化的结果这一观点,补证了达尔文生物进化论的观点,为探索物种起源和生命中的未知世界开辟了新途径.