灰斑病菌对大豆叶片总多酚和总黄酮的诱导研究

利用大豆灰斑病菌不同致病力的生理小种接种抗感不同的大豆品种,结果表明:大豆叶片内总黄酮类物质的含量与品种的抗病性呈明显正相关;感病品种叶片内总多酚含量变化显著降低,抗病品种总体变化不大.接种致病力强的生理小种能够大幅度提高抗病品种体内总黄酮含量,这一结果可以作为筛选和鉴定抗病品种的一种生化指标;大豆灰斑病菌弱毒菌株能够诱导感病品种体内总黄酮含量提高,进而提高大豆的抗病性,这一结果为大豆灰斑病的生物防治提供了依据.     

玉米灰斑病菌菌丝生长的最适温度和pH值

应用SAS软件对玉米灰斑病菌菌落直径数据进行模拟.结果表明,模型y=xa2(c-x2)bEXP(dEXP(-ex1))能反映该病菌菌丝随时间和温度的变化情况,最佳模型为y=x1.29262(28.15-x2)a1743XP(-2.494 7EXP(-0.050 7x1));模型y=EXP(-(ax23 bx3 c))(dx1 e)能反映该病菌菌丝随时间和pH值的变化情况,最优模型为y=EXP(-0.0123x23 0.143 3x3)(0.0582x1 1.464 8);该病菌菌丝生长最适温度为24.81℃,最适pH值为5.82.pH值对菌丝生长的影响几乎是正态分布形式,而温度对菌丝生长的影响是偏态形式.     

番茄尾孢叶霉病病原鉴定及生物学特性研究

对河南省新乡市郊保护地发生的番茄尾孢叶霉病的病原、症状、生物学特性等进行了初步研究。结果表明 ,该病的病原菌为番茄煤污尾孢 (CercosporafuligenaRoldan) ,主要危害叶片 ,形成近圆形、多角形或不规则形的灰黑色病斑。病菌分生孢子萌发的适宜温度为 2 5～2 7℃ ,最适 pH值为 6～ 7,致死温度为 5 3℃ 1 0min ,水滴是孢子萌发的必要条件 ,紫外光对分生孢子有很强的杀伤作用。     

玉蜀黍尾孢菌CzVelB基因功能分析

以获得的野生型和CzVelB敲除突变体菌株为供试菌株,分别对其进行生物学及致病力测定,在此基础上分析毒素和细胞壁降解酶的活性。结果表明,与野生型相比,敲除CzVelB后菌丝生长速率及颜色无明显差异,但产孢量下降56.6%,且孢子萌发率下降,萌发过程滞后1 h。致病性分析发现,敲除CzVelB后菌株致病性明显下降,病情指数、病斑大小,突变体均低于野生型。分析毒素对叶片的致病性发现,突变体所产生的毒素低于野生型产生的毒素。敲除突变体菌株ΔCzVelB及野生型菌株在活体内外均能产生5种细胞壁降解酶,其中敲除CzVelB后,5种离体病原菌细胞壁降解酶活性明显下降。分析侵染过程中5种细胞壁降解酶发现,CzVelB主要通过影响CX和PMG在接种前期12 h内起重要作用;在接种后期(72～96 h),CzVelB主要通过影响PGTE的活性调控玉蜀黍尾孢菌致病力。     

The effect of timing of fungicide applications on control of frogeye leaf spot and grain yield of soybeans

Soybean cultivar Samsoy 1, and the breeding lines TGx 849-313D and TGx 996-26E, grown in a field with a heavy epidemic of frogeye leaf spot caused byCercospora sojina, were treated with double foliar applications of the fungicide benomyl. The treatments were made using four application schedules at six different growth stages, starting from V₃ (fully developed leaves, beginning with trifoliate nodes) to R₅ (beginning seed_, to determine the effect of the fungucide timing on frogeye leaf spot severity, soybean grain yield and grain quality. Generally, applications at R₁ (beginning bloom) and R₃ (beginning pod) significantly (P<-0.05) reduced disease severity in the 2 susceptible genotypes, Samsoy 1 and TGx 849-313D. Plot yields of these genotypes were also significantly greater than the untreated controls when the fungicide applications were made at R₁ and R₃. There was no significant difference in diseave severity or grain yield, between the untreated control and the different times of application, on the resistant genotype TGx 996-26E. Improved seed germination and lower levels of seed infection byC. sojina occurred for all fungicide timings in the susceptible genotypes. The results suggest that fungicide spraying initiated at R₁ and followed up at R₃ is most effective in frogeye leaf spot control and can also result in higher grain yields, than applications made earlier or later in the season. Control of frogeye leaf spot, however, is best achieved by growing resistant cultivars.     

杜松赤枯病防治技术的研究

由Cercospora sequoiae var.juniperi引起的杜松赤枯病在黑龙江省分布比较普遍。两季发病严重,能导致被害株死亡。6月中旬至7月上旬喷药。在双效灵、甲基托布津可湿性粉剂和多菌灵三种农药中,以50％多菌灵,用量为70ml/a时,防治效果最好。     

化学药剂对绿豆尾孢菌叶斑病的田间防治效果比较

[目的]筛选防治绿豆尾孢菌叶斑病的最佳药剂及方案.[方法]通过田间药效试验测定了4种化学药剂对绿豆尾孢菌叶斑病的防治效果.[结果]43％戊唑醇悬浮剂800倍液喷雾、25％嘧菌酯悬浮剂800倍液喷雾、43％戊唑醇悬浮剂500倍液浸种2 h＋43％戊唑醇悬浮剂800倍液喷雾、25％嘧菌酯悬浮剂500倍液浸种2 h＋25％嘧菌酯悬浮剂800倍液喷雾处理对绿豆尾孢菌叶斑病的防治效果明显,第3次施药后28 d的防治效果均达到80％以上,且具有一定的增产效果,建议在生产上推广应用.[结论]为绿豆尾孢菌叶斑病的化学防治提供了理论依据.     

The use of digital image analysis and real‐time PCR fine‐tunes bioassays for quantification of Cercospora leaf spot disease in sugar beet breeding

Cercospora leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercospora beticola, is a major fungal sugar beet disease worldwide and the cause of significant yield losses. The disease is most successfully countered by the introduction of genetic tolerance into elite sugar beet hybrids. To this end, breeding programmes require high quality biological assays allowing discrimination of minor differences between plants within a segregating population. This study describes the successful implementation of image analysis software in the bioassays for quantification of necrotic lesions at different stages of C. beticola infection, allowing selection on minor phenotypic differences during the sugar beet breeding process for C. beticola resistance. In addition, a real‐time PCR assay was developed for the quantification of C. beticola pathogen biomass in infected beet canopy. The use of both techniques, even in an early stage of infection, fine‐tunes current bioassays, allowing more accurate and efficient selection of resistant breeding material.     

中国尾孢菌属及其近似属的研究(V)

报道３个中国新记录种：寄生在豆科Ｌｅｕｍｉｎｏｓａｅ植物上的葛尾孢Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａ ａｕｓｔｒｉｎａｅ Ｃｈｕｐｐ＆Ｖｉｅｇａｓ和决明尾孢Ｃｅｒｏｓｐｏｒａ ｃａｓｓｉｏｃａｒｐａ Ｃｈｕｐｐ及寄生牛儿苗科Ｇｅｒａｎｉａｃｅａｅ植物上的老鹳草色链隔孢Ｐｈａｅｏｒａｍｕｌａｒｉａ ｇｅｒａｎｉｉ（Ｗ．Ｂ．Ｃｏｏｋｅ＆ｃ．ｇ．ｓｈａｗ）Ｕ．Ｂｒａｕｎ。文中为３个种提供了形态描述。研究的标本保藏在中     

2008～2009年黑龙江省大豆灰斑病菌生理小种的监测

2008～2009年在黑龙江省各主要大豆产区采集并分离大豆灰斑病菌菌株127个,采用一套鉴别寄主对采集的大豆灰斑病菌进行鉴定,以明确黑龙江省各主要大豆产区大豆灰斑病菌的小种组成及优势小种。结果表明,2008～2009年在黑龙江省大豆主产区共监测到大豆灰斑病菌14个生理小种,它们分别是1、2、3、4、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14及15号生理小种。其中以1号小种出现频率最高,为35.43%;其次是7号小种,出现频率为17.32%;10号小种出现频率为9.45%,居第三位。这些研究结果为大豆抗灰斑病品种的选育和合理布局提供了理论依据。