不同用量纳米材料对生菜种子发芽的影响

以意大利生菜和红脆香生菜种子为试验材料,研究不同用量石墨相氮化碳纳米材料(0、50、100、150、200 mg/L)对2种生菜种子萌发的影响。结果表明:纳米材料用量在50～150 mg/L时对2种生菜发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数均有促进作用,用量在100 mg/L时,意大利生菜的发芽率、发芽指数最高;用量在150 mg/L时,红脆香生菜发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数最高。纳米材料用量达到200 mg/L时,对生菜种子萌发的促进效果减小,甚至出现抑制萌发的现象。较高用量(150、200 mg/L)的纳米材料可以促进生菜胚根的伸长,用量在150 mg/L时,意大利生菜胚根最长,比对照(CK)增加了24.80%;用量在200 mg/L时,红脆香生菜胚根最长,比对照增加了37.20%。施加纳米材料对生菜胚芽长度的影响不显著。总之,纳米材料用量在50～150 mg/L时,可以促进生菜种子的萌发;较高用量(150、200 mg/L)的纳米材料可以促进生菜种子胚根的伸长;施加纳米材料对胚芽长的影响不显著。     

Time-course comparison of pulmonary inflammation induced by intratracheal instillation of four different nickel oxide nanoparticles in male Fischer rats

Occupational exposure to nickel oxide (NiO) is an important cause of respiratory tract cancer. Toxicity is known to be associated with the dissociated component, i.e. nickel (II) ions. To address the relationship between physicochemical properties, including solubility in artificial lysosomal fluid, of NiO and time-course changes in the pulmonary response, we conducted an intratracheal instillation study in male Fischer rats using four different well-characterized NiO products, US3352 (NiO A), NovaWireNi01 (NiO B), I small particle (NiO C), and 637130 (NiO D). The NiOs were suspended in purified water and instilled once intratracheally into male F344 rats (12 weeks old) at 0 (vehicle control), 0.67, 2, and 6 mg/kg body weight. The animals were euthanized on days 3, 28, or 91 after instillation, and blood analysis, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) testing, and histopathological examination were performed. The most soluble product, NiO B, caused the most severe systemic toxicity, leading to a high mortality rate, but the response was transient and surviving animals recovered. The second-most-soluble material, NiO D, and the third, NiO A, caused evident pulmonary inflammation, and the responses persisted for at least 91 days with collagen proliferation. In contrast, NiO C induced barely detectable inflammation in the BALF examination, and no marked changes were noted on histopathology. These results indicate that the early phase toxic potential of NiO products, but not the persistence of pulmonary inflammation, is associated with their solubility.     

应用碳纳米管提高SBS改性沥青及其混合料路用性能的研究

通过向SBS（苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物）改性橡胶粉末中添加功能纳米材料——碳纳米管的方式,获得了新型的碳纳米管-聚合物复合沥青改性剂.用该复合改性剂与基质沥青制备新型SBS改性沥青.针对改性沥青及其混合料进行大量的结构研究和路用性能测试.包括三大指标试验、差示扫描量热分析（DSC）、显微镜下的微观结构分析以及马歇尔实验.结果表明,由于碳纳米管较大的比表面积及大的π电子结构,能够提高SBS与沥青之间的物理溶胀及弱化学相互作用（这里主要以π-π堆积作用为主）.加入碳纳米管的SBS沥青较单纯SBS改性沥青在综合性能上有较大改观.     

Resistance and resilience of soil biological indicators: A case study with multi-walled carbon nanotube

Soil ecosystem is experiencing stresses due to climate change, and soil inhabitants try to demonstrate their inherent resistance and resilience against those stresses. Application of nanomaterials as agricultural inputs could bring shifts in resistance and resilience patterns of soil microbes and associated enzymes, especially under short-term heat stress. With this background, the impacts of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) on the resistance and resilience of soil biological indicators were evaluated. An incubation experiment was conducted with varied MWCNT concentrations (0, 50, 100, 250, and 500 mg kg^-1 soil) for 90 d after 24-h heat stress at 48 ±2 ℃ to assess the impacts of MWCNT on soil enzyme activities and microbial populations vis-à-vis their resistance and resilience indices under short-term exposure to heat stress. Enzyme activities were reduced after exposure to heat stress. Resistance indices of enzyme activities were enhanced by MWCNT application on day 1 after heat stress, whereas there was no recovery of enzyme activities after 90-d incubation. Like soil enzyme activities, resistance index values of soil microbial populations followed the similar trend and were improved by MWCNT application. Multi-walled carbon nanotube has the potential to improve resistance indices of soil enzyme activities and microbial populations under heat stress, although they could not recover to their original state during periodical incubation after heat stress. This study helps to understand the relative changes of biological indicators under MWCNT and their ability to withstand heat stress.     

CdS纳米颗粒的合成、表面修饰及光学特性研究

用一步室温固相化学反应法合成CdS纳米颗粒，并以氨催化水解法对其表面进行了修饰，得到了具有CdS／SiO2核／壳结构的纳米微球，以透射电子显微镜和X-射线衍射仪对其结构和物相进行了表征，并研究了其光致发射光谱的性质，研究结果表明：固相反应完全，产物为纯相CdS，室温固相化学反应法避免了传统湿法存在的团聚现象的缺点，具有产率高、无污染、节能等优点；而且CdS纳米颗粒表面经SiO2修饰后，其带边发射显增强，缺陷发射减弱，且在一定范围内随着SiO2包覆层厚度的增加，荧光强度增加。     

HgS/CdS量子线中电子与声子的相互作用

在有限深势阱模型下,求出了考虑到电子-声子相互作用情况下量子线电子基态能、概率分布和禁带宽度,以HgS/CdS量子线为例,研究了电子-声子相互作用对它们的影响.结果表明:电子-声子相互作用会降低电子基态能,在对基态能的影响中以电子与界面光学支声子相互作用的影响最大,而与界面声学支声子相互作用影响最小;电子-声子相互作用的影响和电子由势阱透入有限高势垒的概率以及禁带宽度均随量子导线半径R的减小而增大;电子-声子相互作用不改变禁带宽度随R的变化趋势,仅使其数值减小.     

多聚赖氨酸-量子点微球在细胞标记中的应用

以戊二醛为交联荆,将在水相合成的带负电的CASe/Cds核壳量子点与带正电的多聚赖氨酸结合制备得到稳定性微球(PL-QDs).将该微球与肝癌细胞SMMC-7721共培养,并用荧光显微镜跟踪观察以研究量子点微球在细胞标记中的作用.结果显示,微球对细胞无毒性,而且能有效地将量子点释放至细胞内并使细胞在绿光光照下发出红色荧光,荧光能稳定存在6 d以上.研究表明,该微球细胞毒性低,可用于生物学标记的量子点载体.     

A New Type of Solar Cell-CdS/CdTe for Applications in Refrigeration

CdS/CdTe polycrystalline thin film is a new type of high efficiency and low-cost solar cells, which is most promising for application in refrigeration, because it has many advantages such as few crystalline defects, large gap of energy, high stability, inexpensive and convenient for large area deposition. On the other hand, it is useful for environmental protection. The properties of CdS/CdTe thin film solar cell are revieweol and the development of the cell is presented. We have also described some large-area processing with low fabrication cost.     

硫化镉纳米微粒与某些氨基糖苷类抗生素相互作用的共振瑞利散射光谱及其分析应用

在pH为2.0～7.0的水溶液中,硫化镉纳米微粒[（CdS）n]与氨基糖苷类抗生素阿米卡星（AMK）、卡那霉素（KANA）、妥布霉素（TOB）和庆大霉素（GEN）借静电引力、疏水作用力结合,形成粒径更大的聚集体,导致共振瑞利散射（RRS）的增强并产生新的RRS光谱,最大RRS峰位于289 nm（AMK体系）、291 nm（KANA和TOP体系）和287 nm（GEN体系）.在一定条件下,RRS散射强度（ΔI）均与药物的浓度成正比,反应具有高灵敏度,对于4种药物的检出限在7.7～8.8 ng/mL之间.其中（CdS）n-AMK体系灵敏度最高,对AMK的检出限为7.7 ng/mL.据此发展了一种用纳米硫化镉作探针,灵敏、简便、快速测定氨基糖苷类抗生素药物的共振瑞利散射新方法.     

水溶性L-Cys-CdS量子点与牛血清白蛋白相互作用研究

［目的］初步研究具有良好水溶性和生物相容性的L-Cys-CdS量子点与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的相互作用。［方法］以L-半胱氨酸为稳定剂,采用配位化学原理合成具有良好水溶性和生物相容性的CdS量子点,通过紫外-可见光谱及荧光光谱对该量子点与BSA的相互作用、BSA溶液浓度及酸度对量子点-BSA溶液荧光强度的影响进行了初步研究。［结果］L-Cys-CdS量子点与BSA形成的复合物发光性能更强,BSA的浓度及酸度对复合物的荧光强度均有影响。［结论］为进一步将优良光学性质的水溶性量子点应用于生物样品的测定打下基础,对量子点用作蛋白质探针研究具有一定的指导意义。