绿茶和发酵茶的茶多酚组成比较

[目的]比较市售4种绿茶和发酵茶（包括红茶、滇红茶和普洱茶）的茶多酚组成和比例。[方法]采用高效液相色谱法检测茶多酚种类和含量。[结果]市售绿茶均含有没食子儿茶素（GC）、表没食子儿茶素（EGC）和表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）、表儿茶素（EC）和表儿茶素没食子酸酯（ECG）等茶多酚,以及没食子酸（GA）和咖啡因（CAF）,EGCG为4种绿茶有效成分中的主要物质。半发酵茶铁观音7种有效成分全部检出,EGCG含量最高为16.610 mg/g。发酵茶红茶中茶多酚（儿茶素）部分被降解,GC、EGC、EGCG含量低,咖啡因含量高为17.304 mg/g;滇红茶中EGCG和ECG含量最高,分别为4.588和3.559 mg/g;普洱茶主要有效成分为没食子酸和咖啡因,几乎测不出其他5种茶多酚。[结论]茶叶不同发酵工艺使茶多酚不同程度被降解。     

Comparison of yield,fruit quality,antioxidant activity,and some phenolic compounds of white seedless grape obtained from organic,conventional, and integrated fertilization

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of three different fertilizing systems, including organic, conventional, and integrated ones, on the yield, fruit quality, antioxidant activity, and some phenolic compounds of white seedless grape. The study was carried out on several 6-year-old white seedless grapevine located in the Urmia Province (North-West Iran). The results showed that the fruit physical characteristics and yield were affected significantly by different fertilization systems. The highest yield was observed in the conventional fertilization, followed by organic and integrated systems. The leaf mineral contents were obviously dependent on the different fertilization used, whereas pH and titratable acidity were not affected. Based on our results, the highest values of antioxidant activity and total flavonoid were found in the organic and integrated fertilization systems, respectively. Also, the highest contents of total phenolic, catechin, and quercetin-3-galactoside were observed in the organic fertilization system. Overall, the highest nutritional quality and biochemical characteristics of white seedless grape were obtained in organic fertilization system, which improved antioxidant capacity by enhancing total phenolics, total flavonoids and valuable phenolic compounds.     

儿茶素酶促制备茶黄素的研究进展

综述了儿茶素酶促制备茶黄素各反应条件的研究进展,旨在为确定儿茶素酶促制备茶黄素自动化提供科学依据,并就酶促制备茶黄素在选择多酚氧化酶方面以及同工酶方面做研究展望。     

Subacute chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes and the protective effects of catechin and quercetin

This study examined the effects of chlorpyrifos in the rat erythrocyte antioxidant system and evaluated the ameliorating effects of catechin and quercetin on the oxidative damage induced by chlorpyrifos. Sexually mature male Wistar rats were given chlorpyrifos (5.4 mg/kg, 1/25 of the oral LD₅₀), catechin (20 mg/kg), quercetin (20 mg/kg), catechin plus chlorpyrifos, and quercetin plus chlorpyrifos daily via gavage for four weeks. No statistical differences were found in the catechin-only and quercetin-only groups compared with the control group. By the end of the fourth week, chlorpyrifos alone increased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities compared with the control group in rat erythrocytes. In the catechin-plus-chlorpyrifos and quercetin-plus-chlorpyrifos groups, there were statistically significantly decreased MDA levels and increased SOD, CAT, and GPx activities compared with the chlorpyrifos-only group. Thus, it appears that catechin and quercetin ameliorate chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes in vivo.     

儿茶素在家兔体内的药物动力学及生物利用度研究

对家兔单剂量静注和灌服儿茶素 (Catechin) 2 5mg/kg体重各 5只。用高效液相色谱法测定其血药浓度。房室模型分析表明静注给药后的药时数据符合无吸收二室开放模型 ,主要动力学参数为 :t1 / 2α=( 0 .1 5± 0 .0 1 )h ,t1 / 2 β=( 0 .5 8± 0 .0 2 )h ,Vc=( 1 .41± 0 .0 8)L ,Vβ=( 2 .97±0 .1 1 )L ,ClB=( 3.5 3± 0 .1 0 )L/h ,AUC =( 1 6.95± 1 .5 2 )mg/(L·h)。灌服儿茶素的药时数据符合一级吸收一室开放模型 ,主要药物动力学参数为 :t1 / 2Ka=( 0 .39± 0 .0 6)h ,t1 / 2Ke=( 0 .79±0 .1 1 )h ,tmax=( 0 .78± 0 .1 1 )h ,Cmax=( 3.35± 0 .1 6)mg/L ,AUC =( 7.45± 0 .94)mg/(L·h) ,F =( 4 4.1 8± 3.5 9) %。儿茶素在健康家兔体内的药动学特征是 :吸收迅速 ,达峰时间短 ,消除快 ,半衰期短 ,表观分布容积较大 ,口服摄入吸收不完全     

茶儿茶素影响细胞外多糖合成和变形链球菌附着的研究

通过菌斑量的测定、胞外多糖的提取和测定,对受儿茶素作用后降低酶活性的变形链球菌附着能力进行了体外观察。结果显示,儿茶素浓度在０．１２５％—１．０００％时,细菌附着能力下降,菌斑形成量减少,细菌总蛋白也下降,菌斑中胞外葡聚糖含量降低。由此可见,儿茶素的抗菌斑作用主要表现在抑制胞外葡聚糖产生。     

盘龙七中儿茶素的含量测定

[目的]建立HPLC测定盘龙七中儿茶素含量的方法。[方法]采用超声波辅助提取,HPLC法测定,色谱条件为：色谱柱为Kroma-sil-C18（4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm）,流动相为无水甲醇-水-冰醋酸（15：84：1,V/V/V）,流速为1.0 ml/min,检测波长为276 nm。[结果]儿茶素的线性范围为0.624～3.12 μg/ml（r=0.9993）,平均回收率为100.05%,RSD为1.73%（n=6）。[结论]该测定方法简便、准确,可用于盘龙七中儿茶素的含量测定。     

消费者日常茶叶饮用习惯对健康的影响

为了解人们日常茶叶消费状况,选择青岛市为研究区域,对普通消费者茶叶种类选择、泡制方法、茶饮习惯和饮用量等进行调查和数据分析。结果显示:不同消费者在选用茶叶种类上存在明显差异,选用绿茶的人群所占比例最高,占调查总人数的49%,从高到低依次为绿茶红茶乌龙茶普洱茶;在茶叶消费量上,每日消费5 g的人群所占比例最高;茶叶浸泡次数大多数消费者以3~4次为主,浸泡时间一般在30~50 s;在茶叶饮用量上以日均饮用3~6杯的消费者居多,以6杯茶估算,每日人均儿茶素摄入量为675.0 mg,这一数值偏低,未能达到健康饮茶标准。以上说明,受青岛市本地产崂山绿茶的影响,饮用绿茶仍然是大多数青岛居民的选择,茶叶消费结构较为合理,但对儿茶素的保健药用价值认识不足,科学摄入量不足,今后应提高人们对科学健康饮茶的认识,形成风味与健康并重的饮茶理念。     

大麦籽粒中4种主要黄酮类化合物的HPLC测定方法研究

为给大麦主要黄酮类化合物含量的快速测定及开发利用提供依据,对利用高效液相色谱技术(HPLC)分离和同时测定大麦中黄酮类化合物儿茶素、杨梅素、槲皮素、山奈酚含量的方法进行了研究.结果表明,采用HPLC同时测定4种大麦黄酮类化合物的优化色谱条件为:YMC-Pack ODS AM-303 (5 μm, 250 mm_4.6 mm i.d.)色谱柱;流动相A-0.1%冰乙酸水溶液,B-乙睛,梯度洗脱;流速0.8 mL/min,进样量10 μL.儿茶素、杨梅素、槲皮素、山奈酚分别在0.063～2.000 μg (R2=0.9999)、0.034～1.100 μg (R2=0.9998)、0.025～0.800 μg (R2=0.9993)、0.018～0.560 μg (R2=0.9995)成良好的线性关系,加样回收率分别为96.88%(RSD=1.30%)、98.30%(RSD=0.57%)、96.29%(RSD=1.20%)、101.59%(RSD=0.73%). 测定方法简便、快捷,结果准确、重复性好,可用于大麦4种主要黄酮类化合物的同时测定.     

绿茶活性成分在酵母发酵过程中的代谢动力学研究

通过对绿茶发酵过程中还原糖、茶多酚、儿茶素及有机酸的检测,以及对pH、糖度的分析,发现在发酵开始的12-24 h多酚和表型儿茶素含量迅速下降,菌体中儿茶素积累增加,部分儿茶素被酵母吸收利用;在发酵过程中几种有机酸的含量均有不同程度的增加。总糖和pH随发酵的进行而下降,还原糖的含量在48 h前均显上升趋势。