二丁酰环腺苷酸对猪胴体组成和肉品质的影响

通过皮下注射和饲料添加不同剂量dbcAMP进行饲养试验 ,研究其对肥育猪胴体组成和肉品质的影响。结果表明 :皮下注射 1.0mg/kg和饲料添加 2 0mg/kg对改善肥育猪的胴体组成和肉品质效果最好 ,眼肌面积分别提高31.99%和 36 .39% (P <0 .0 5 ) ;瘦肉率分别提高 12 .4 2 %和 11.94 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ;背膘厚分别降低 19.95 %和 2 0 .97%(P <0 .0 5 )。肌肉粗蛋白含量分别提高 10 .87%和 16 .5 4 % (P <0 .0 5 )。     

饲喂柠条对肉兔生产性能及胴体性状影响的研究

选用45～48日龄平均体重1050g的伊普吕(父系)幼兔64只,分成4组,进行柠条饲喂肉兔试验.对照组饲粮中谷草比例为33.4%,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别用10%、20%和33.4%柠条替代等比例谷草.48天试验结果为:对照组、试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日均采食量、日增重、料肉比分别为89.84g、92.95g、90.77g、79.95g,22.60g、23.30g、19.24g、17.90g,3.98:1、3.99:1、4.72:1、4.47:1.试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组与对照组日采食量、日增重、料肉比差异不显著(P＞0.05);屠宰试验结果为:试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ与对照组在胴体重、屠宰率、净肉率、肉骨比、心脏、肺脏、肝脏、肾脏等指标方面无显著差异(P＞0.05);而试验Ⅲ组日采食量、日增重均显著较对照组差(P＜0.05).试验结果表明:生长肉兔饲粮中添加10%～20%柠条粉是可行的,且饲粮成本较低.     

Two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter of the ovine myostatin gene (MSTN) and their effect on growth and carcass muscle traits in New Zealand Romney sheep

Myostatin is a negative regulator of muscle growth and development in mammals, and variation in ovine myostatin gene (MSTN) has been demonstrated to be associated with variation in the muscularity of sheep. Polymerase chain reaction–single‐stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR–SSCP) was used to look for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a 304‐bp amplicon from the promoter region of ovine MSTN. Sequence analyses revealed two previously identified SNPs (c.?2449G/C and c. ?2379T/C) that resulted in three haplotypes (H₁ (c.[?2449G; ?2379C]), H₂ (c.[?2449C; ?2379C]) and H₃ (c.[?2449G; ?2379T]). The effect of these SNPs on growth and carcass traits was investigated in 357 NZ Romney lambs. General linear mixed‐effect models revealed that sheep with the genotype c.?2449GC had a higher loin meat yield (p = 0.032) and proportion loin yield (p = 0.028), than those with the genotype c.?2449GG. The genotype c.?2379CC was associated with an increase in three weight traits: birthweight (p = 0.003), tailing weight (p = 0.009) and weaning weight (p = 0.028), when compared with the genotype c.?2379TC, but it was not found to have an association with growth rate. This suggests that c.?2379T/C has an effect that originates at, or before birth. Haplotype H₃ was associated with a decrease in birthweight (p = 0.002), tailing weight (p = 0.003) and weaning weight (p = 0.011). Haplotype H₂ was associated with increased loin yield (p = 0.012) and proportion loin yield (p = 0.002). The SNPs may have value as genetic markers for improved Romney breeding.     

不同饲养方式对固始鸡生产性能的影响

将固始鸡饲养至4周后,分别笼养和放养至18周,测量其体尺、屠体性能,到42周龄测量蛋品质。结果表明,笼养和放养的活重差异显著(P>0.05),其余屠宰指标差异不显著;蛋品质除了蛋重和蛋壳厚度差异显著(P<0.05)外,其余指标差异均不显著;放养条件下,纤维素酶高于笼养,而对总蛋白水解酶、胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶影响不显著。     

杜洛克与鲁烟白猪杂交商品猪肥育性能、胴体品质及肉质研究

研究测定了鲁烟白猪与鲁育杜洛克杂交商品猪的生长肥育性能、胴体性能及肉品质。结果表明:鲁育杜洛克×鲁烟白猪组合生长性能较高,与鲁烟白猪×鲁烟白猪相比,平均日增重提高6.37%(P>0.05),料重比降低7.98%(P>0.05);鲁育杜洛克×鲁烟白猪组合胴体性能显著提高,眼肌面积和瘦肉率分别提高47.89%(P<0.01)和10.69%(P<0.05);平均背膘厚和脂肪率分别降低27.70%(P<0.01)和22.20%(P<0.05),肌肉干物质含量提高5.25%(P<0.05);背最长肌17种氨基酸含量无显著差异;背最长肌脂肪酸含量差异显著,棕榈酸和硬脂酸含量分别提高54.63%(P<0.01)和54.24%(P<0.05);油酸和亚油酸以鲁烟白猪×鲁烟白猪较高,分别比鲁育杜洛克×鲁烟白猪提高42.36%(P<0.01)和39.48%。     

两个玉山黑猪不同三元杂交组合猪生长性能、胴体品质及肉质特性的研究

以长×杜玉、大×杜玉各18头为研究对象,在同样条件下饲养至平均体重90 kg,然后每组挑选3公3母进行屠宰测定试验,研究比较2个杂交组合肥育猪日增重、料重比、胴体品质和肉质特性。结果表明:两组合各方面性能差异不明显,但大×杜玉日增重、料重比、瘦肉率等方面性能占优势;两组合肌肉都具有鲜红的肉色、良好的持水性能。研究结果显示:大×杜玉杂交组合在生产上具有一定优势,是玉山黑猪较好的杂交方式。     

酵母培养物对肉仔鸡屠宰性能及胴体品质的影响

主要研究在玉米豆粕基础日粮中添加酵母培养物(YC)对肉仔鸡屠宰性能及胴体品质的影响。将960只1日龄肉仔鸡随机等分为4组,其中试验3组,对照1组,试验组分别添加2.5 g/kg,5 g/kg,7.5 g/kg的YC,试验期为1~42 d。结果表明:①试验各组肉仔鸡的胸肌率、腹脂率、半净膛率和全净膛率与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),但添加2.5 g/kg、7.5 g/kg YC的试验组可显著提高肉仔鸡的腿肌率(P<0.05);②在肉鸡日粮中添加YC显著降低了胸肌、腿肌的剪切力(P<0.05);滴水率有下降趋势(P>0.05);pH值(45 min)亦有降低。研究证明:在日粮中添加一定量的YC能降低肉仔鸡胴体肌肉的剪切力及滴水损失,提高肉的嫩度及持水能力,达到改善肉鸡的屠宰性能和肌肉品质的目的。     

不同育肥及屠宰体重对杂交商品猪生长性能及胴体肉品质的影响研究

试验研究了不同育肥及屠宰体重对试验猪的生长性能及胴体肉品质的影响,结果显示:育肥结束体重在85~110kg阶段对试验猪的日增重和饲料报酬影响不显著;屠宰体重对试验猪的屠宰率、pH值和肌内脂肪影响显著;采用综合选择指数就不同育肥及屠宰体重对试验猪的影响进行综合评定,结果表明,试验猪体重在85~90 kg结束育肥并屠宰时育肥性能及胴体肉品质的综合选择指数最大。     

Effects of a high-protein, low-energy diet in finishing lambs: 2. Weight change, organ mass, body composition, carcass traits, fatty acid composition of lean and adipose tissue, and taste panel evaluation

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of a high protein – low energy diet on body composition of feedlot lambs The objective was to assess the capability of such a diet to reduce body fat while preserving lean body mass. Three dietary regimens were compared: a typical feedlot diet (CON), barley straw at libitum (STR), and barley straw supplemented with fish meal (SFM). The latter two diets caused an energy deficit in the experimental animals. Significant treatment effects on mass of metabolic organs, body composition, and carcass data were observed. Conventional analysis of sensory data and fatty acid profiles of adipose and muscle tissue identified few significant dietary effects, yet discriminant analysis clearly separated all treatment groups. It was concluded that protein supplementation of ruminants in the catabolic state does not conserve protein mass. Given the high cost of protein supplementation, the post hoc modification of body composition of feedlot lambs is not a viable option. It is suggested that the production of feedlot lambs with a desirable degree of fatness should employ a feeding strategy dynamically adapted to the changes in protein – energy balance required by the growing ruminant.     

Changes in hormones, growth factor and lipid metabolism in finishing pigs fed betaine

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary betaine supplementation on carcass characteristics, hormones, growth factor and lipid metabolism in finishing pigs. Forty-eight crossbred barrows and gilts (Seghers × Seghers × Duroc) weighing about 55 kg were divided into two groups, each with three replicates of eight pigs (four barrows and four gilts) per replicate, and fed corn–soybean meal basal diets supplemented with 0 and 0.125% betaine for 42 days. At trial termination, two pigs (one barrow and one gilt) weighing about 90 kg were selected from each replicate and slaughtered for analyses. The results showed that betaine increased carcass lean percentage and longissimus muscle area by 5.19% (P < 0.01) and 17.85% (P < 0.01), respectively, and decreased carcass fat percentage and average backfat thickness by 13.07% (P < 0.01) and 10.30% (P < 0.05), respectively. Serum growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine and insulin levels in pigs fed betaine were elevated by 45.61% (P < 0.01), 55.50% (P < 0.01), 57.95% (P < 0.01), 51.80% (P < 0.01) and 42.34% (P < 0.05), respectively. Fatty acid synthase activity in the 10th rib subcutaneous adipose tissue was decreased by 24.35% (P < 0.05) with betaine supplementation, whereas hormone-sensitive lipase activity was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, serum free fatty acids concentration in betaine-fed pigs was 25.75% higher compared to controls (P < 0.01). The study suggested that betaine could induce changes in hormones and growth factor in finishing pigs, and therefore could inhibit fat synthesis through reducing lipogenic enzymes activities and promote fat degradation by increasing hormone-sensitive lipase activity, with a resultant decrease in adipose tissue mass and improvement in carcass characteristics.