山地橄榄主要病虫害种类及其防治措施

介绍了山地橄榄2种病害：叶斑病、炭疽病；5种虫害：橄榄星室木虱、黑刺粉虱、恶性叶甲、橄榄枯叶蛾、橄榄野螟的主要特征和危害症状，并提出了防治措施。     

Seed production of Chenopodium album in competition with field vegetables

Total weed control within a crop is both difficult and expensive to achieve, so that some weeds will often remain to set seed. The seed production resulting from these weeds will ultimately affect the sustainability of the weed control strategy. If too much is allowed to return each season there could be a gradual, but significant, increase in the potential weed flora over a number of seasons. Field trials were carried out in 2000 and 2001 to quantify the potential magnitude of this weed seed return from Chenopodium album L., grown at two planting densities either in pure stands or in competition with one of two crops (cabbage or onion). Crop and weed weights and weed seed production were notably greater in 2001. Both dry weight and seed production of C. album were suppressed by increasing planting density or by the presence of crop, with cabbage having a more suppressive effect. Despite the plasticity in seed production, a linear relationship was demonstrated between log weed seed production and log weed biomass that was robust over a range of competitive situations with onion and cabbage, at different planting densities and in growing seasons. The study also demonstrated that the relationship could be combined with an existing simple competition model to allow the consequences of incomplete weed control to be assessed in terms of potential weed seed return.     

橄榄多酚类物质研究进展

橄榄是中国传统的药用植物，其中多酚类物质是橄榄重要的功效成分之一。目前，橄榄多酚类物质研究较为 广泛，常用的提取方法包括温浸法、超声波辅助提取法、微波辅助提取法、超声与微波协同辅助提取法等，分离纯化 后采用液相色谱或液质联用技术鉴定多酚类物质的种类和成分，并对其抗氧化、抗病毒、抗菌消炎、抗癌抑癌、解酒 护肝和提高机体免疫等方面的药理活性进行验证。此外，橄榄多酚类物质合成和代谢分子机理也已经被初步阐释。基 于上述研究报道，本文进一步对橄榄多酚类物质后续研究方向和产业化开发利用前景进行展望。     

橄榄基因资源保存库营建技术与效果分析

文章介绍了在茂名市国营八一林场营建橄榄基因库的方法及管理措施,并于2006年对基因保存库的成活率、生长量、结果株率、单株产果量、单位树冠投影面积产果量、果实性状等作了调查测定分析,结果表明:(1)采用苗圃嫁接成活苗上山造林及上山定砧后嫁接相结合的方法可加快橄榄基因库的营建;(2)基因库收集了广东主要橄榄栽培区7个县(市)11个农家品种81个优良单株,移栽及嫁接株共保存1 210株,保存率达95.65%,无性系结果比例达79.01%;(3)2002~2004年嫁接成活率为50.46%~80.05%,接株年均生长量树高0.7~1.0 m,径粗2.2~2.9 cm,冠幅0.8~0.9 m。总体结果株率、平均单株产果量和平均单位树冠投影面积产果量在嫁接4 a后分别为89.23%、1.11 kg和0.111 kg/m2,嫁接3 a后分别为69.61%、0.37 kg和0.054 kg/m2,嫁接2 a后分别为51.74%、0.15 kg和0.032 kg/m2;(4)橄榄单果质量4.63~12.64 g,果纵径2.63~4.00 cm,果形指数1.25~1.94,可食率78.51%~86.82%;(5)综合分析结果评选出g14、g18、g20、j1、p10、p8、g15、g2、g24、g27、x3、x4、x5、x6、g21、g32、g16、g33、g19、d15、d16、d7等22个为较优良无性系,其中又以g14、g18最优。     

檀香实生苗繁育与伴生植物配置关键技术试验

以檀香种子为材料,研究了不同浓度赤霉素、播种基质以及伴生树种对幼苗生长的影响,结果表明:采用1 000 mg/L赤霉素处理种子24h可促进种子发芽,发芽率达85%以上;以砂壤土+竹炭粉为播种基质出苗率最高;利用抛荒龙眼地并以龙眼树作为檀香成林期伴生植物对檀香生长具有促进作用,栽培12个月时测定,檀香树高、地径分别达172.3cm和2.48cm,为抛荒龙眼地重新利用提供新的思路。     

福州3个鲜食橄榄品种(系)的氨基酸组成与品质评价

为研究橄榄鲜食品种(系)的氨基酸组成和营养品质,试验以福州主栽的灵峰、闽清2号和清榄1号橄榄为材料进行氨基酸含量测定,并对其进行营养和品质风味评价。结果发现,灵峰的总氨基酸含量最高,达到20.078 mg.g_–1,而清榄1号的必需氨基酸含量最均衡。在各类氨基酸中,谷氨酸和天门冬氨酸为3种橄榄鲜食品种(系)的主要氨基酸,苏氨酸和赖氨酸的含量相对过剩,而甲硫氨酸和半胱氨酸可能为第一限制氨基酸;在橄榄特征风味形成过程中,组氨酸、丙氨酸和赖氨酸均会影响鲜食橄榄甜味的形成,精氨酸对苦味的形成存在较高的贡献率,天门冬氨酸和谷氨酸的大量存在可能是其鲜味形成的重要原因之一。此外,灵峰的药用氨基酸组分含量最多,达到13.94 mg.g_–1。研究认为,不同橄榄鲜食品种(系)的氨基酸营养和风味品质存在差异,而药用氨基酸可能是橄榄的重要功能成分之一。     

乙酸铀对超富集植物藜萌发代谢生物学的影响

为筛选放射性核素超富集植物及研究其种植方法,探索生物修复必要的栽培技术措施缩短修复周期,快速、有效地清除放射性污染,以超富集植物藜(Chenopodium album Linn.)为材料,研究藜萌发特性及幼苗生长对不同浓度乙酸铀(C4H6O6U)处理的效应。结果表明:乙酸铀处理浓度对藜发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数影响的差异不显著,藜种子在萌发期间对乙酸铀具有很强的耐受力。但对藜幼苗根、芽生长具有低促高抑的双重作用,乙酸铀浓度为25~50mg/L时,与CK比较,芽长增加7.79%~10.21%,根长增加9.79%~16.06%,活力指数增加8.51%~12.48%;乙酸铀浓度为100~400mg/L时,与CK比较,对芽长的抑制率分别为1.44%~45.55%,对根长的抑制率为3.55%~49.60%,对活力指数的抑制率为6.42%~50.29%。随着乙酸铀处理浓度逐渐增加,脱氢酶(DH)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性则明显下降,藜幼苗脯氨酸和蛋白质含量提高,C4H6O6U处理与脱氢酶活性和过氧化物酶活性的递降呈显著负相关,均显著降低藜幼苗的脱氢酶活性,表明其体内氧化还原活性减弱,C4H6O6U对藜幼苗的正常代谢已产生严重胁迫。     

藜科杂草诱杀甜菜大龟甲初报

在甜菜田内利用灰藜等藜科杂草引诱发甜菜大龟甲成虫取食产物,然后集中消灭,减轻其对甜菜的危害,是一项可行措施。     

Cutting weeds with a CO2 laser

Stems of Chenopodium album . and Sinapis arvensis . and leaves of Lolium perenne . were cut with a CO₂ laser or with a pair of scissors. Treatments were carried out on greenhouse-grown pot plants at three different growth stages and at two heights. Plant dry matter was measured 2 to 5 weeks after treatment. The relationship between dry weight and laser energy was analysed using a non-linear dose–response regression model. The regression parameters differed significantly between the weed species. At all growth stages and heights S. arvensis was more difficult to cut with a CO₂ laser than C. album . When stems were cut below the meristems, 0.9 and 2.3 J mm⁻¹ of CO₂ laser energy dose was sufficient to reduce by 90% the biomass of C. album and S. arvensis respectively. Regrowth appeared when dicotyledonous plant stems were cut above meristems, indicating that it is important to cut close to the soil surface to obtain a significant effect. When cutting L. perenne plants with 2-true leaves at a height of 2 cm from the soil surface with a laser, the biomass decreased significantly compared with plants cut by scissors, indicating a delay in regrowth. This delay was not observed for the dicotyledonous plants nor for the other growth stages of L. perenne .