Predator control for protecting kaki (Himantopus novaezelandiae)—lessons from 20 years of management

In New Zealand, the endemic kaki or black stilt (Himantopus novaezelandiae) has been the focus of intensive conservation management for the past 20 years. Threatened by predation and habitat loss, the population fell to as low as 23 birds before management was implemented to reverse the decline. Predator trapping has been one form of management intervention in the wild, yet despite 20 years of control, there is only limited evidence to suggest that predator trapping is beneficial for the survival of kaki. Lack of adequate experimental design and understanding of the predator-prey dynamics in the system in which kaki live appear to be the main reasons why the benefits of predator control are not consistently clear. An adaptive management approach would have provided more information on the efficacy of predator trapping and increased understanding of the inter-relationships between kaki survival and predator abundance.     

酸浆营养成分的分析

对酸浆果和宿萼的营养成分和黄酮类化合物进行了测定,结果为:酸浆果所含硫胺素为3.17 mg/100g、核黄素为0.41 mg/100g、抗坏血酸为3.44 mg/100g、钙为10.0 mg/100g、黄酮为0.35 mg/100g;宿萼所含硫胺素为0.03mg/100g、核黄素为2.69 mg/100g、抗坏血酸为0.96 mg/100g、钙为189 mg/100g、黄酮为3.07 mg/100g。结果表明,果实和宿萼含有胡萝卜素、黄酮类化合物以及钙等对人体健康有益的营养物质。根据所测各物质含量,结合实际生产中新产品开发利用的经验,抓住其突出特点为开发和利用酸浆提供科学依据。     

库尔勒香梨突萼、脱萼及宿萼果实品质与香气的比较

为研究库尔勒香梨突萼、脱萼、宿萼3种类型果实的品质差异,对其单果质量、可食率等12种果实品质指标、矿质元素及香气成分含量进行测定。结果显示：突萼果的单果质量及果皮花青素含量显著优于脱萼果与宿萼果;脱萼果的石细胞含量显著低于突萼果与宿萼果,且可溶性固形物含量与可溶性糖含量均优于其他两种类型的果实;宿萼果的可食率及果皮叶绿素含量显著高于突萼果与脱萼果。突萼果N元素含量显著高于脱萼果与宿萼果,脱萼果的Ca、Mg、Zn元素含量显著高于突萼果与宿萼果、P元素含量显著低于突萼果与宿萼果。从库尔勒香梨中检测到39种香气成分,以醛类最高,香气物质总含量排序为脱萼果>突萼果>宿萼果,且脱萼果中香梨的主要特征香气成分含量也显著高于突萼果与宿萼果;突萼果和脱萼果果实香气成分中以(E)-2-己烯醛含量最高,宿萼果果实中含量最高的主要香气成分为正己醛。     

不同浓度NAA对锦灯笼诱导成活率的影响

[目的]为锦灯笼的快繁技术提供参考。[方法]以锦灯笼茎尖为外植体,NAA浓度分别为0．1、0．3、0．5mg／L,研究不同浓度NAA对锦灯笼诱导成活率的影响。[结果]不同浓度NAA对锦灯笼诱导成活率的影响不同,以处理③（MS＋NAA0．5mg／L＋6－BA0．3mg／L＋琼脂8g/L＋蔗糖30g／L）的诱导效果最佳,诱导成活率达93．3％;其次为处理②（Ms＋NAA0．3mg／L＋6-BA0．3mg／L＋琼脂8g／L＋蔗糖30g／L）,诱导率为63．3％;处理①（Ms＋NAA0．1mg／L＋6-BA0．3mg／L＋琼脂8g／L＋蔗糖30g／L）的诱导率最低,仅43．3％。[结论]处理③是最佳诱导分化培养基。     

土壤水分对柿树光合光响应特性的影响

采用CIRAS-2便携式光合仪测定不同土壤水分条件下2年生柿树叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、气孔导度等光合生理参数的光响应过程,探讨柿树光合光响应特性对土壤水分的响应规律。结果表明：土壤水分对柿树的光合生理参数影响显著,随着土壤水分的降低,净光合速率、表观量子效率先升后降,光补偿点先降后升,光饱和点呈下降趋势;维持柿树高光合作用和高水分利用效率的适宜土壤相对含水量为48.8%～76.7%,适宜的光照强度为800～2 000μmol/（m2·s）;柿树对强光利用能力较强,而对弱光的利用效率较低;在土壤相对含水量为48.8%时,柿树光合作用主要受气孔限制,而土壤相对含水量降低到25.5%时,柿树光合作用转变为非气孔限制,通过对气孔、非气孔因素的判定,可知柿树是一种抗旱性非常强的植物。研究结果可为柿树的节水高产栽培提供理论依据。     

不同生育期滇重楼光合日变化及光响应特征1）

于2013年6月（花期）、8月（果实膨大期）和9月（果实成熟期）份对3年生幼龄期滇重楼和8年生成熟期滇重楼光合生理指标日变化和光响应参数进行了测定。结果表明：幼龄期和成熟期滇重楼叶片净光合速率（ Pn ）变化日进程在6月份出现严重午休,仅在10：00出现一个峰值;而在8、9月份上午和下午各出现一个峰值,在中午出现“午休”现象。空气温度（Ta）偏高引起气孔关闭是导致滇重楼“午休”的主要因素。成熟期滇重楼叶片在不同生长季节日均Pn和最大净光合速率（Pnmax）均高于幼龄期叶片,而幼龄期滇重楼初始量子效率较高,且光补偿点和光饱和点均低于成熟期滇重楼,对弱光的利用率更高。幼龄期和成熟期滇重楼叶片日均Pn 在8月下旬最大,其次是6月下旬,9月下旬最低,且在当年的生育后期,光饱和点有增大的趋势,由大到小的顺序为9月份、8月份、6月份。成熟期滇重楼花萼具有同叶片类似的同化功能,日均Pn 为叶片的779．％～104．0％,但其Pnmax和光饱和点均低于成熟期和幼龄期叶片的,对弱光的利用效率高于叶片。     

柿蒂药学研究概况

在广泛文献检索基础上,对柿蒂的种属、成分、药理,临床应用等进行概述,为深入开发利用提供科学依据。     

柿角斑病（Cercaspora kaki Ell.et Ev.）对日本甜柿的危害及控制

角斑病是日本甜柿的重要病害，严重影响树势，造成早期落叶落果。在浦江，该病原以菌丝体在病叶，病果柿蒂上越科；翌年４月开始侵染，借雨水传播从气孔侵入。采用及时清理病叶，病柿蒂，搞好林内卫生，适时化防等措施，病情可以得到有效控制。     

New degreening treatments to improve the quality of citrus fruit combining different periods with and without ethylene exposure

In the Mediterranean area, early-season citrus fruit reach acceptable internal maturity standards for marketing, while the fruit are still green. A degreening treatment is widely used as a postharvest practice to improve the external color. Nevertheless, the application of ethylene during this treatment can be associated with calyx senescence. The aim of this study was to evaluate new degreening treatments in order to reduce this disorder. ‘Clemenules’ mandarins and ‘Navelina’ oranges, harvested at different external colors, were submitted to different degreening treatments, combining periods with and without ethylene exposure. In both cultivars, the periods without ethylene exposure during degreening reduced the incidence of calyx disorders. To obtain a typical ‘Clemenules’ variety color with the lowest incidence of calyx alteration, the optimum degreening treatment was based on 72 h with ethylene and 48 h without ethylene when fruit were harvested with a color index of between −9 and −3. On the other hand, a treatment of 24 h with ethylene plus 48 h without ethylene is recommended for fruit with an external color index higher than −2. For ‘Navelina’ oranges, highly sensitive to calyx senescence during degreening, a treatment consisting of 24 h with ethylene plus 48 h without ethylene is recommended, which involves harvesting the fruit with a color index of over 0.     

腊梅花茶窨制的花香吸附动力学特征(英文)

[目的]研究腊梅花窨制的花香茶的吸附动力学特征,以增加香气和提高产品的质量。[方法]吸附实验在密闭容器中进行,研究了香花(腊梅花)、茶坯接触时间、水分含量和温度对茶的窨制工艺的影响。[结果]腊梅花窨制的最佳湿度和温度分别为4%和10℃。[结论]花香茶的制作过程符合拟一级速率方程,并且全过程的吸附动力学数据能够很好地拟合二级速率方程。