秀丽纤杆线虫在寄生性线虫抗原研究中的应用

秀丽纤杆线虫 (Caenorhabditis elegans)是一种模式线虫 ,目前广泛应用于寄生性线虫基因的功能研究 ,并且还被用于捻转血矛线虫等寄生性线虫疫苗侯选抗原基因的表达和耐药性产生机制方面的研究     

Springtime abundance of chaetognaths in the shelf region of the northern Gulf of Alaska, with observations on the vertical distribution and feeding of Sagitta elegans

Chaetognatha were among the most dominant macrozooplankton taxa collected in 6 years of springtime collections, both throughout the water column and near-bottom on the continental shelf in the northern Gulf of Alaska. Three species ( Sagitta elegans, S. scrippsae, and Eukrohnia hamata ) were collected in 248 collections, although S. elegans was the numerically dominant species overall during most cruises. Collections taken in epibenthic sleds generally contained about two orders of magnitude more chaetognaths than those that sampled throughout the water column. Two size modes were apparent in the S. elegans size-frequency distributions which were believed to belong to different cohorts. Growth rate was on the order of 2–3 mm per month. The two cohorts showed asynchronous diel vertical distribution patterns, with the smaller individuals found near the surface during the day whereas the larger individuals were near the surface at night. About 7.5% of the S. elegans examined contained food. Copepods made up the majority (∼89% by number) of the diet of both large and small individuals. Euphausiid juveniles and cirripede larvae were also observed, as well as several incidences of cannibalism by large chaetognaths on smaller individuals. Based on the results of two diel series, this species was observed to feed mainly during the night-time.     

百日草自交系花粉萌发条件及花粉活力研究

研究了不同培养基、采集时间、贮藏温度和湿度等因素对百日草花粉离体培养萌发效果的影响。结果表明:花粉萌发较适宜的培养基为ME3 16%PEG4000 12%蔗糖;上午10:00采集花粉萌发率要显著地高于下午3:00采集的;在4℃湿润条件下贮藏18 h,J6花粉生活力下降较小,而在室温干燥条件下几乎失去活力;相对湿度在66%以下时极不利于花粉保存;11个百日草自交系花粉离体萌发率差异显著。     

Dactylospongia elegans—A Promising Drug Source: Metabolites,Bioactivities, Biosynthesis,Synthesis, and Structural-Activity Relationship

Marine environment has been identified as a huge reservoir of novel biometabolites that are beneficial for medical treatments, as well as improving human health and well-being. Sponges have been highlighted as one of the most interesting phyla as new metabolites producers. Dactylospongia elegans Thiele (Thorectidae) is a wealth pool of various classes of sesquiterpenes, including hydroquinones, quinones, and tetronic acid derivatives. These metabolites possessed a wide array of potent bioactivities such as antitumor, cytotoxicity, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory. In the current work, the reported metabolites from D. elegans have been reviewed, including their bioactivities, biosynthesis, and synthesis, as well as the structural-activity relationship studies. Reviewing the reported studies revealed that these metabolites could contribute to new drug discovery, however, further mechanistic and in vivo studies of these metabolites are needed.     

农药废水对秀丽隐杆线虫毒性效应及其主要有毒组分

应用battery生物测试法,检测研究农药废水对秀丽隐杆线虫的生命周期、繁殖速率、生殖能力、头摆和身体弯曲频率等影响的生物毒性,及其引发生物毒性的主要有机污染物。结果表明,在已经达到国家废水排放标准[GB 8978—1996]情况下,处理出水对受试动物仍然存在致毒效应;线虫的世代周期对进水的毒性最为敏感,产卵数量对出水的毒性最为敏感;进水毒性主要来自易受酸性调节影响的有机污染物,出水毒性主要来自易受碱性调节影响的有机污染物。结果表明,该项生物测试的毒性参数,可用于指示存在于低CODCr废水中的生物毒性;所用的毒性鉴别评价（TIE）方法,可用于鉴别废水中引发致毒效应的关键污染物。废水中悬浮颗粒污染物的生物毒性至关重要,尚未研究,有待继续。     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯和茶黄素对秀丽隐杆线虫耐温性的影响

为探究绿茶和红茶中的代表性组分对秀丽隐杆线虫在不同温度条件下的作用效果及机制,试验设置0.25、2.5、25 μmol/L 表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG）和茶黄素（theaflavin,TF1）,测定线虫在4 ℃和35 ℃条件下的存活率,进而测定在4 ℃、20 ℃和30 ℃条件下经25 μmol/L EGCG和TF1孵育后线虫体内脂肪含量和线粒体膜电位的变化。结果显示,25 μmol/L EGCG将热应激线虫的最大寿命和中位寿命分别提高了8.15%、22.44%,将冷应激线虫的最大寿命和中位寿命分别降低了20.25%、17.94%。25 μmol/L TF1对热应激线虫的存活率无显著影响,将冷应激线虫的最大寿命和中位寿命分别提高了9.43%、19.01%。在4 ℃条件下,EGCG和TF1孵育均提高了线虫体内的脂肪含量,TF1孵育降低了线虫的线粒体膜电位水平。在20 ℃条件下,EGCG和TF1具有明显的降脂作用,长时间孵育可显著提高衰老线虫线粒体活性。在30 ℃条件下,EGCG和TF1提高了线虫体内的脂肪含量。以上结果表明,在低温条件下TF1通过促进线粒体产热而非脂肪动员提高了线虫的存活率,而EGCG孵育可诱导线虫死亡。     

袖珍椰子根际寄生线虫种类鉴定

于福州市多家园艺场随机采集65份袖珍椰子根部及根际样本,经鉴定,共有7个属8种植物寄生线虫:咖啡短体线虫、饰环矮化线虫、双宫螺旋线虫、双尾滑刃线虫、蘑菇滑刃线虫、燕麦真滑刃线虫、食菌茎线虫和普通丝尾垫刃线虫.利用次氯酸钠—酸性品红染色法证实,咖啡短体线虫可大量存在于袖珍椰子根部及根际介质中,并造成根系坏死、腐烂.     

'梦境'百日草花芽分化特性研究

［目的］研究‘梦境’百日草的分化形态及与营养生长的相关性。［方法］观察‘梦境’百日草不同时期顶芽的石蜡制片,并测定其株高、株幅、真叶数和分枝数等生长指标。［结果］‘梦境’百日草花芽分化过程划分为8个时期：营养生长前期、营养生长后期、花序原基分化期、苞片原基分化期、舌状花原基分化期、筒状花原基分化期、筒状花花冠和雄蕊原基分化期、筒状花雌蕊原基分化期;通过各生长指标的观测,得到了花芽分化时期与各生长指标间的回归方程。［结论］‘梦境’百日草各生长指标与花芽分化时期间均存在极显著的线性相关,其中,播种天数与花芽分化时期间的相关性最大。     

丝石竹优良单株快速繁殖的研究

本文报道丝石竹优良单株离体快速繁殖和规模化育苗技术。取其切花后萌芽苗的嫩茎段为外植体，培养在ＯＭ培养基上。在附加６—ＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＯＭ培养基上，腋芽的诱导和生长最好；在附加６—ＢＡ４＋ＮＡＡ０．０１的ＯＭ培养基上，芽的增殖效果最佳，增殖倍数为２４．４６；ＯＭＯ（不含任何植物激素的ＯＭ培养基）最利于壮苗；在ＯＭ培养基中附加ＩＢＡ０．１～０．３，不定根诱导和生长效果最佳，生根率达９８．６％。试管苗移入珍珠岩中生长最好，移植成活率为９２％。     

橙汁果酒绮丽酵母的筛选及耐受性

为获得适合橙汁果酒发酵的菌种,从橙汁发酵醪液中纯化出酵母菌,采用杜氏管法、CO2失重法及感官评定法进行筛选。通过形态观察和生理生化试验对菌株进行鉴定,并对菌株进行耐受性研究。结果表明：从发酵醪液中分离出4株酵母菌,经过初筛及复筛得到一株发酵能力强、还原糖利用率高、果酒风味柔和等优良特征的酵母菌,编号为 FJ-20,鉴定为酵母属的绮丽酵母。该菌株对酸的耐受能力为 pH2．5,对酒精的耐受能力为10％vol,对氯化钠耐受能力为11％,对蔗糖的耐受能力为35％。该菌株发酵能力强、还原糖利用率高、果酒风味柔和,发酵产香浓郁,适合作为橙汁低纯果酒的酿造酵母。