光辐射染色木材的变色规律及化学组分结构的变化

以I-214杨木染色单板为试材、氙光作为辐射光源,考察其在100h光照过程中表面颜色的变化规律;依据红外光谱图的谱峰位置和谱峰相对吸收强度,分析和确定光变色过程中染色杨木木材的化学组分。结果表明:染色杨木木材受光辐射易发生变色,其中酸性蓝染色单板的明度指数L*和色品指数b*变化显著,其光变色度显著大于酸性大红GR染色单板;若以波数1510cm-1为基准,非共轭羰基C=O振动的吸收峰(1738cm-1)吸收强度显著增强;共轭羰基C=O伸缩振动的吸收峰(1650cm-1)吸收强度有所增强;芳香环骨架C-C振动的吸收峰(1510cm-1)吸收强度明显减弱;C-O-H振动的吸收峰(1160～1052cm-1)吸收强度有所减弱。     

杨扇舟蛾和杨小舟蛾危害对意大利214杨高光谱特征的影响

杨扇舟蛾和杨小舟蛾是危害意大利214杨的主要食叶害虫. 为了研究杨扇舟蛾和杨小舟蛾危害对意大利214杨高光谱特征的影响,并为遥感监测意大利214杨杨扇舟蛾和杨小舟蛾提供基础光谱数据,该文于2003年5—8月以6年生意大利214杨为材料,在杨扇舟蛾和杨小舟蛾危害意大利214杨落叶率为48%时,分别测定试验和对照区冠层、叶片的高光谱数据及相应的生化参数(叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、含氮量和含水率等),应用微分光谱及数理统计中的t检验方法对数据进行分析.结果表明,意大利214杨受杨扇舟蛾和杨小舟蛾危害后,冠层和叶片的光谱反射率均变小,冠层和叶片光谱的红边具有“双峰"现象;冠层光谱在可见光～近红外波段有较高的灵敏度和辨识能力,敏感波段为449.1～466.1 nm、798.6～801.4 nm和826.8～833.9 nm;冠层和叶片的红边(REP)均呈“蓝移"现象,红边斜率和红边面积变小;冠层试验和对照的REP分别为719.3和725.0 nm,叶片试验和对照的REP分别为709.4和719.3 nm. 杨扇舟蛾和杨小舟蛾危害意大利214杨后,叶面积、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、总叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、叶片含氮量和叶片含水量均显著减少.      

Ultrastructural morphogenesis of salmonid alphavirus 1

Studies on the ultrastructural morphogenesis of viruses give an insight into how the host cell mechanisms are utilized for new virion synthesis. A time course examining salmonid alphavirus 1 (SAV 1) assembly was performed by culturing the virus on Chinook salmon embryo cells (CHSE‐214). Different stages of viral replication were observed under electron microscopy. Virus‐like particles were observed inside membrane‐bound vesicles as early as 1 h following contact of the virus with the cells. Membrane‐dependent replication complexes were observed in the cytoplasm of the cells, with spherules found at the periphery of late endosome‐like vacuoles. The use of intracellular membranes for RNA replication is similar to other positive‐sense single‐stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses. The number of Golgi apparatus and associated vacuoles characterized by ‘fuzzy’‐coated membranes was greater in virus‐infected cells. The mature enveloped virions started to bud out from the cells at approximately 24 h post‐infection. These observations suggest that the pathway used by SAV 1 for the generation of new virus particles in vitro is comparable to viral replication observed with mammalian alphaviruses but with some interesting differences.     

I-214杨木光变色的规律及机理研究

以I-214杨木单板为试材、氙光作为辐射光源,考察I-214杨木单板在100h光照过程中试材表面材色的变化规律;依据红外光谱图的谱峰位置和谱峰相对吸收强度,分析和确定光变色过程中杨木木材的化学组分。结果表明:杨木木材受光辐射易发生变色,主要表现为明度指数L*降低,色度指数a*、b*上升;若以波数1510cm-1为基准,非共轭羰基C?O振动的吸收峰(1738cm-1)吸收强度显著增强;共轭羰基C?O伸缩振动的吸收峰(1650cm-1)有所增强;芳香环骨架C—C振动的吸收峰(1510cm-1)吸收强度明显减弱;C—O—H振动的吸收峰(1160～1052cm-1)吸收强度有所减弱。     

Methodische untersuchungen zur Sekundärauswertung von Sortenversuchen Bezüglich der Ertragsstabilität von Sorten mit Hilfe der Ökoregression

In Sortenversuchen sind die Wechselwirkungen Sorten × Orte meist sehr groß und die Mittelwertdifferenzen somit wenig aussagekräftig.

Es wird empfohlen, Landessortenversuche über Landesgrenzen hinweg sekundär regressionsanalytisch auszuwerten, um die Reaktionen von Sorten auf die unterschiedlichen Wachstumsbedingungen der Orte zu erkennen. Auf Aspekte der Auswertung wird näher eingegangen. Die Auswertungsergebnisse der sekundären Auswertung sind für Pflanzenzüchter und Landwirte gleichsam relevant.     

I-214杨染色单板光变色规律的研究

以染料弱酸深蓝5R和活性艳红X-3B染色的I-214杨素材和漂白板为试材,选用氙光作照射光源,考察不同染料、不同工艺条件下染色单板在110 h光照过程中试材表面材色指数,即明度指数(L*),色度指数(a*与b*)和变色度(△E* ab)的变化.结果表明:染色单板在110 h氙光照射过程中变色明显,b*值提高显著;△E* ab在光照初期大,后期平缓直到不变;同一品种染料,高浓度染液中染色单板比低浓度染液的光照变色大,浸染时间长短对染色单板光照变色影响不明显,先漂白再染色的单板材色均匀,光照变色平缓;不同品种染料的染色单板光照变色规律有差异.     

Intratree Variability of Tensile Strength Parallel to Grain in Chinese Fir and 1-214 Poplar from Plantation

The variation of tensile strength parallel to grain in Chinese fir and 1-214 poplar wood from plantations was studied in this paper. Aaccording to the national standards The Testing Methods for Physical and Mechanical Properties of Wood （GB 1927 to 1943 -- 1991）, the small clear wood samples were cut and tested, which represent the south and north of trees with heights of 1.3, 3.3, 5.3 and 7.3 m. The results showed： the tensile strength parallel to grain of the north wood was higher than that of south wood. ANOVA shows that the tensile strength parallel to the grain with height is of significant difference （at 0.05 level）.     

意大利214杨林地施肥效应研究

本项试验按正交设计,试验观测历时7年,从苗木栽植直至林木工艺成熟,对林分生长全过程进行了定期观测及系统研究。其主要结论是:在较贫瘠的土壤上进行林地施肥,对Ⅰ-214杨有明显的增产效应,与对照区相比,施肥区材积最大增长量达132％。在不同肥料中氮肥效应突出,氮、磷、钾及绿肥压青合理配合,能取得增产的最佳效果。     

染色单板光变色的规律和影响因子的研究

该文以染色杨木和染色樟子松单板为试材,利用氙光衰减仪进行辐射试验,使用色彩色差计测定光辐射前后和光辐射过程中的试件表面材色,并以国际照明委员会颁布的CIE(1976)L*a*b*表色系统进行颜色表征.分析其光变色规律和试验因子对染色单板光变色的影响,并进行耐光性能评价.     

Study on Chemical Components of Alkaline Nitrobenzene Oxidation from Plantation Woods

This paper deals with the chemical components and the chemical structure of lignin of Chinese fir and Poplar I-214 from plantationforest. The results revealed that the contents ofchemical component in heart wood and sapwood were almost the same except ethanol-benzene extract both in Chinese fir and in Poplar I-214, The contents of ash, holocellulose, α -cellulose, pentosan, ethanol-benzene extract and cold-water extract in Poplar I-214 were higher than that in Chinesefir, The content of lignin in Poplar I-214 was lower than that in Chinese flr. Vanillin, vanillic acid and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde were found in Chinesefir while vanillin and vanillic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringaldehyde and syringic acid werefound in Poplar I-214 in investigation of the chemical structure of lignin by using nitrobenzene oxidization method.