Clinical value of carcinoembryonic antigen in mammary neoplasms of bitches

This study aimed at evaluating the behaviour and understanding the diagnostic value of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in bitches with mammary carcinoma as a tool for monitoring and prognosis of canine cancer patients. Serum samples from 77 bitches were divided into four groups, G1 (n = 21), control group (healthy/neoplasia free bitches); G2 (n = 31), bitches with non‐metastatic mammary carcinoma less than 3 cm; G3 (n = 12), bitches with non‐metastatic mammary carcinoma greater than 3 cm; and, G4 (n = 13) bitches with mammary carcinoma and lymph node metastasis. The marker was dosed once in G1, whereas in G2, G3 and G4, CEA levels were determined before (M0) and 15 days after (M1) mastectomy, using the ELISA kit for humans while reading used ELISYS ONE human. A group of 11 bitches was followed up 45 days after mastectomy (M2). The results for the concentration of markers in blood serum samples at the evaluated times and their relationship with neoplasia biological behaviour and observed clinicopathological changes were evaluated by the Tukey test at 5% significance. The ROC curve was established to find the cut‐off value and calculate the test sensitivity and specificity, the multivariate matching analysis was performed to confirm the association between CEA values and clinicopathological variables. CEA values increased significantly in bitches with mammary carcinoma, metastatic tumours with a diameter larger than 3.0 cm and high grade, compared with healthy ones. In addition, mastectomy reduced the CEA concentration in the blood (P < .05) whereas high CEA levels were associated with unfavourable prognostic factors (P < .05). The biomarker presented good diagnostic value, especially for more aggressive tumours. In conclusion, CEA serum concentrations allowed to follow efficiently the evolution of mammary tumours in bitches, since CEA values increased in bitches with mammary gland tumour and decreased after mastectomy while correlating with prognostic factors such as tumour size, nodal metastasis and histological grade. Further studies are still needed to confirm its diagnostic value for follow‐up of relapse and early metastasis.     

CEA、CA153检测联合胸膜活检对恶性胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的探讨胸腔积液癌胚抗原（CEA）、糖链抗原153（CA153）检测联合胸膜活检诊断恶性胸腔积液的价值。方法收集经确诊为恶性胸腔积液35例及良性胸腔积液25例,回顾性分析比较患者胸腔积液CEA、CA153及胸膜活检的结果。结果恶性胸腔积液的CEA、CA153含量均高于良性胸腔积液者（P〈0．01）;CEA联合CA153检测的诊断灵敏度为71．4％,特异度为88．0％,优于单项CEA、CA153检测。当CEA、CA153检测联合胸膜活检时,其阳性诊断率为91．4％,明显高于CEA结合CA153检测的阳性诊断率（71．4％）（P〈0．05）。结论胸腔积液CEA、CA153检测在恶性胸腔积液中的阳性率较高,可作为良好的筛选指标。胸腔积液CEA、CA153检测联合胸膜活检可明显提高恶性胸腔积液的诊断率。     

消化系统肿瘤5项组合检测对消化道癌症的诊断价值

目的 探讨消化系统肿瘤5项组合检测对消化道癌症的诊断价值.方法 采用电化学发光法检测195例消化道癌症患者和65例健康检查者血清中消化系统肿瘤5项水平,即甲胎蛋白（AFP）、癌胚抗原（CEA）、糖类抗原125（CA125）、糖类抗原19-9（CA19-9）和糖类抗原72-4（CA72-4）,比较两组的检测均值和阳性率.结果 消化道癌症组血清AFP、CEA、CA125、CA19-9、CA72-4含量明显高于对照组（P＜0.01）.AFP在肝癌组的均值和阳性率、CEA在结直肠癌组和胰腺癌组的均值和阳性率、CA125和CA19-9在胰腺癌组的均值和阳性率、CA72-4在胃癌组的均值和阳性率显著高于其他各组（P＜0.01）,组合检测阳性率一般高于单项检测.结论 消化系统肿瘤5项组合检测有助于提高消化道癌症的诊断阳性率.     

Screening and controlling canine inherited ocular diseases in Finland: epidemiological, economical and health promotional aspect

Official eye examination records of 18 146 dogs in 17 breeds were analyzed in order to evaluate the Finnish Kennel Club's eye examination scheme. The most common inherited ocular diseases were the Collie eye anomaly (CEA) in the Rough Collie and the persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis (PHTVL) in the Doberman. In both diseases the prevalence has also increased during the study period 1988–1997. The most likely reason for the increase is the change in examination routines that now makes it easier to find milder disease forms that were previously classified as normal. The prevalences of other inherited diseases are so low that no conclusions about the trends can be made. Also, the data have some defects that can cause biased estimations of prevalences. The costs of screening programs are very high and no direct economical benefits can be shown. Methods of improving the screening and effectiveness of the program are also presented.