Estimation of genetic and crossbreeding parameters for daily milk yield of Ayrshire × Sahiwal × Ankole crossbred cows in Burundi

The pedigree of 317 cows of which 184 were controlled for milk production has been used to estimate crossbreeding parameters for daily milk yield of Ayrshire, Sahiwal and Ankole crosses in the Mahwa station. Lactating cows belonged to one of 6 different genetic groups defined on the basis of the mating system used to produce them. REML estimates of the genetic parameters were obtained with a repeated animal model using daily milk records. Estimated heritability (h²) and repeatability (r²) were 0.27 and 0.36, respectively. The genetic group effects were used to estimate crossbreeding parameters following Dickerson's genetic model. Estimates for the additive effects for daily milk yield of Ankole, Sahiwal and Ayrshire breeds were − 1.66l, − 0.48l and 5.22l, respectively. Estimates of direct heterosis for daily milk yield for Sahiwal × Ankole, Ayrshire × Ankole, and Ayrshire × Sahiwal crosses were 1.97l, 2.30l and − 2.33l, respectively.     

布隆迪农作物良种繁育体系及推广模式

[目的]了解布隆迪共和国(以下简称布隆迪)农作物良种繁育体系及推广模式,为深化我国与布隆迪农业合作提供参考.[方法]介绍分析布隆迪的农业良种使用基本情况、繁育模式、良种行政管理与推广体系及取得的主要成就,并针对其存在的问题提出发展建议.[结果]近年来,布隆迪主要粮食作物种子年度使用量相对较稳定,其中菜豆、花生、土豆、水稻等种子使用量呈上升趋势.布隆迪已初步建立了农作物良种繁育与推广体系,农业良种基本实现自给自足,其良种繁育模式分为民间良种繁育模式和国家良种繁育模式,但良种产出效率相对较低,尤其是商品良种,主要表现在繁育技术落后,良种质量差,且繁育成本高,与良种年度使用情况极不吻合.布隆迪农业技术推广体系组织机构完整,但运行效率相对较低,其主要原因是推广主体较单一,推广经费严重缺乏,基层农业技术推广人员素质不高,推广手段和推广条件落后.[建议]政府主导,强化统筹推进;科技先行,发挥支撑作用;开放市场,依托企业创新.     

布隆迪水稻生产与发展战略

布隆迪是联合国确定的最不发达国家之一,60%的财政经费来自援助。人年均可拥有大米不足5 kg,大米成为布隆迪最重要、最奢侈的日常消费品之一。布隆迪地处赤道附近,光温资源丰富,降水充裕,一年四季适宜种植水稻。但布隆迪土地利用不合理、利用率低,品种严重退化,栽培技术落后,产销体系不完善,导致水稻生产徘徊不前。迫切需要发展水稻生产,满足人们日益增长的消费需求,保障国家粮食供给安全。阐述了布隆迪水稻生态类型、产量情况和生产主要限制因素,展望了从根本上解决布隆迪水稻生产问题的发展战略。     

Cutting management ofCalliandra calothyrsus in the wet season to maximize dry season fodder production in the central highlands of Burundi

Calliandra calothyrsus was cut back at monthly intervals during the rainy season between January and May to determine which period of cutting gives the highest quantity and quality of dry matter in August, the peak of the dry season, when a lack of fodder is most acute. In both 1992 and 1993, the highest quantity of dry season production was obtained from the plots that were harvested in February, six months before the driest month. Crude protein content of the dry season fodder was not significantly influenced by the time of harvest in the rainy season. How the fodder produced in the dry season is to be used to satisfy the digestible protein needs of 3.5 goats for a 90-day period in the highlands of Burundi and how the leafy biomass harvested in the rainy season is to be used to support crop production are discussed.Deceased     

布隆迪土壤基本类型性质及其改良利用

非洲土壤是地球上最贫瘠的土壤之一。以布隆迪土壤为研究对象,对布隆迪的土壤形成条件、基本类型性质及改良利用进行论述,为决策者和布隆迪土壤资源合理开发利用提供参考。     

The use of historical data as an aid to formulating potato programmes in developing countries

Summary The potato has been grown in numerous developing countries for many years. Archival material on long-term production/yield trends expressed in graphic form, together with data on previous cultivar introductions, can be an important indicator of potential major constraints to production. As National Potato Programmes are being developed in these countries such data, when used in conjunction with sound agronomic training, can ensure the establishment of a realistic approach to crop development.     

Validation of a FAO land evaluation method by comparison of observed and predicted yields of five food crops in Burundi

Abstract. A land evaluation using unsophisticated data successfully predicted yield ranges of various crops in Burundi. Yields of wheat, pea, bean, maize and potato predicted from data for climate, soil and land use technology were compared with observed yields from farm trials and from seed station and research station trials. The predicted range of yield for each crop suitability class enclosed the mean farm yields 13 times out of 16 and yields on seed stations and research stations 10 times out of 15 and 14 times out of 21 respectively. The variability of the observed yields exceeded the predicted range of yields. The method is considered as validated. The method appears to be applicable for multi-year studies at a broad scale, but yield variation according to the weather from year to year is not accounted for. The variances of the yields on farms are greater than the variances in seed station and research station trials.
Since the method predicts correctly the mean regional farm yields, it could be useful for land use planning, research into optimal regional cropping specialisation, studies on food policy, and for evaluation of economic return and sustainability of different crops.     

布隆迪农业发展现状（英文）

布隆迪是非洲最小国家之一,属内陆热带国家,也属于世界10个最贫困国家之一。由于海拔高和正常的降雨量,气候温和,有益于布隆迪农业的发展。然而,由于采伐森林和农业耕作措施不当,引起大量土壤侵蚀和退化。布隆迪人民正面临严重的粮食供应不足。文章对布隆迪的水资源、土地资源、劳动力资源以及农业发展现状进行了论述,并讨论了布隆迪农业发展的制约因素。建议国际应对布隆迪进行援助以便促进其农业发展。     

Efficacy of ivermectin in reducing gastrointestinal nematode fecal egg counts in goats in Burundi

Cross-bred goats in Burundi infested with gastrointestinal nematodes were submitted to fecal investigations and injected subcutaneously with ivermectin. In Experiment 1, goats were treated with 200 μg kg⁻¹ bw ivermectin. In Experiment 2, animals were administered twice that dose. In Experiment 3, goats suspected to be resistant to other anthelmintics were treated with 200 μg kg⁻¹ bw ivermectin. In Experiment 4, two doses of the same strength were injected with an interval of 7 days. Results demonstrate that 200 μg kg⁻¹ bw ivermectin is effective for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of goats in Burundi; this dosage is also effective against nematodes suspected to be resistant to other anthelmintics. The administration of 400 μg kg⁻¹ bw did not induce greater or more prolonged effectiveness percentages. The supposed decrease of ivermectin's residual activity on Day 28 might be avoided by administering two doses with an interval of 7 days. No adverse effects were observed in treated animals.