阔叶树种的研究现状与江西研究的发展方向

通过对阔叶树种在我国及江西省的研究状况的论述，初步总结了阔叶树种的研究水平及研究方向，指出了江西省阔叶树种研究存在的问题，探讨了江西省今后阔叶树种研究的方向。     

宁夏地区羊草除草剂研究

羊草苗期易受到杂草侵害,妨碍其生长。2012—2013年进行了一年生和两年生羊草除草剂的试验研究,结果表明:在一年生羊草的芽前封闭试验中,苄嘧·唑草酮、湖北地质大学除草剂处理1 m行长内有羊草61株、杂草28株,适合大田使用;咽嘧·莠去津1 m行长内有羊草23株,杂草195株,效果次于苄嘧·唑草酮和湖北地质大学除草剂。对两年生羊草来说,禾本科杂草,苄嘧·唑草酮360 g/hm2除草效果较好,且药效适当,湖北地质大学除草剂药效次之;对于阔叶杂草,2,4-D丁酯750 m L/hm2、烟嘧磺隆1 500 m L/hm2除草效果较好,且对两年生羊草危害较小,只有3%的羊草基部叶片变红。     

闽西北山区几种阔叶树种造林效果评价研究

在福建三明市梅列区陈大镇棕南进行山乌桕等24个乡土阔叶树种山地造林对比试验,4年生结果显示,24个树种间的造林成活率、树高、胸径、冠幅生长量均存在极显著差异,表明山地造林成功的关键技术之一是树种选择。24种乡土阔叶树种的高生长与胸径（地径）生长均表现出极显著的正相关（P〈0.0001）。根据各树种的造林成活率与生长量的综合表现,山乌桕、枫香、山杜英、拟赤杨、石栎、木荷、杨梅在山地造林表现较优,可作为当地营造水土保持林、水源涵养林等生态公益林的首选树种。     

泰顺县松类纯林改造技术研究

通过套种造林、封山育林、抚育改造等措施,将马尾松纯林改造成针阔混交林,以改变树种结构单一、地力日益衰退、病虫害逐年严重、林地灌木杂草丛生、火灾频繁发生、林分产量低下等状况。结果表明：在松林下套种阔叶树,可不同程度增加单位面积阔叶树数量,形成明显的层次结构,能充分利用林地中的营养空间,马尾松和阀叶树在各自不同层次生长范围...     

杉木林改造后的土壤有机质动态研究

利用红锥、火力楠、黎蒴、山杜英和樟树对杉木林进行改造,采用5点取样法对5种改造林分0～20 cm和20 ～40 cm土层的土壤有机质动态进行研究,结果表明,红锥林2个土层的有机质含量呈波动性上升趋势;火力楠林0 ～ 20 cm土层的有机质含量呈升—降—升的变化,20 ～ 40 cm土层的有机质含量缓慢下降又微升;黎蒴林2个土层的有机质含量均呈缓慢上升后下降变化;山杜英林2个土层的有机质含量均呈波动性变化;樟树林0 ～ 20 cm土层的有机质含量升到最大值后逐渐下降,20 ～ 40 cm土层的呈“M”型变化.5个林分的土壤有机质含量在相对应时间段均为0～20 cm土层极显著高于20 ～40 cm土层（P＜0.01）.     

Effect of vegetation types on oviposition preference of the giant purple emperor, Sasakia charonda

To determine the effect of vegetation types on the oviposition by the butterfly, Sasakia charonda, the host plants were planted in a meadow (site A), a small broadleaf forest (site B), a large broadleaf forest (site C), and at the edge of a Cryptomeria japonica forest adjacent to the large broadleaf forest (site D). The number of S. charonda eggs per planted host tree was higher at sites C and D than at site B, and no eggs were found at site A. The densities of both male and female adults were significantly higher at site C than at the other sites, and no adults were found at site A. A mark-and-recapture method estimated that the dispersal distances of wild adults were within 100m, although these adults already had heavily torn wings when they were initially captured. In one case, a female adult was caught 730m from the release point, a distance greater than that between sites A and C. When the wild adults were initially captured and when recaptured, they sipped the sap of Quercus acutissima. The capture and recapture points of most of the recaptured wild adults were in the Q. acutissima stand in the large broadleaf forest, where site C was located. Our observations at site A and the results of the mark-and-recapture study suggested that the flight range of mature adults was limited to large broadleaf forests containing Q. acutissima stands and long-distance dispersal seldom occurred or that the flyways of female adults searching for host trees were restricted to the vicinity of broadleaf forest areas, resulting in no visits to isolated host trees. Finally we discussed the selection of suitable host tree-planting sites for the conservation of this butterfly.     

Assessing the effect of broadleaf woodland expansion on acidic dry deposition and streamwater acidification

The study aim was to determine whether enhanced dry deposition of acidic atmospheric pollutants by broadleaf woodland expansion could increase the potential for acidification of surface waters in acid-sensitive areas. Dry sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) deposition was modelled with the Fine Resolution Atmospheric Multi-pollutant Exchange (FRAME) model using a roughness length value calculated specifically for birchwoods. Two scenarios were investigated for an acid-sensitive area in Scotland where broadleaf woodland expansion, mainly as birchwood, is occurring: (1) 2002 emissions and broadleaf woodland cover of 5.6%; (2) 2020 projected emissions and broadleaf cover of 29%. The roughness length calculated for birch with Raupach’s simplified drag-partition model was 0.73 m, lower than the value of 1.0 m for conifers which is the default for forest land cover in FRAME. Modelled dry S and N deposition increased between 2002 and 2020 from 8.7 to 29 × 10⁻³ keq ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ of H⁺. However, modelled total dry and wet non-marine S and N deposition decreased during the same period from 1070 to 682 × 10⁻³ keq ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ of H⁺ due to the lower projected emissions in 2020 and the dominance of wet deposition in the remote and upland study area (mean annual rainfall 2275 mm). The modelled total non-marine S and N deposition was used to calculate streamwater critical loads exceedance with the First-order Acidity Balance (FAB) model for five catchments in the study area. The modelled deposition for both the 2002 and 2020 scenarios was less than the calculated streamwater critical loads so the catchments were not considered at risk of streamwater acidification under the projected future emissions and increased broadleaf woodland cover. Nevertheless, broadleaf expansion could pose a greater risk of acidification in acid-sensitive areas with lower rainfall, closer to pollutant sources, where dry deposition accounts for a higher proportion of total S and N deposition.     

25种优良阔叶树种苗木生长节律研究

通过对吉安双江林场和南昌树木园3年来25个优良阔叶树种的育苗试验，充分表明了各树种育苗时在两地的物修及生长节律不尽相同，不同的树种在同一地点的生长节律有些树种的差异较大，有些树种的差异较小，对不同苗木的生长节律进行了初步的总结。     

石灰苗床阔叶树容器育苗技术研究

石灰苗床阔叶树容器育苗试验结果表明：石灰苗床容器苗主根和高生长受到一定程度的抑制，但地径、侧根生长发育、须根数量及根系含水量均有显著改善，并避免了苗木的畸形．石灰苗床容器苗的规格质量及造林成活率也明显比对照组好．     

草莓苗田阔叶杂草药效试验及安全性分析

近年来杂草对建德草莓的危害日趋严重,在生产上,除草是一项相当费工费时的劳动。选择既对防除草莓苗田阔叶杂草高效,又对草莓安全的除草剂,是生产上亟待解决的问题。通过对草莓苗田阔叶杂草进行系统调查,使用甜多收对草莓苗田阔叶杂草进行药效防除试验,对草莓苗进行安全性试验设定。结果表明:160 g/L甜多收悬浮剂在4 950~7 500 ml/hm2浓度范围内对株防效和鲜重防效整体较好,虽然在药后7 d会使部分草莓苗出现褪绿黄化现象,但药后15 d黄化现象则减轻甚至消失,并未对草莓苗生长状况造成影响。证明在该浓度范围内,160 g/L甜多收SC对草莓苗安全,对草莓苗田阔叶杂草株防效和鲜重防效均优异,可以作为草莓苗田阔叶杂草防治推荐药剂。