朝阳市主要经济林树种经济效益评价及发展预测

以朝阳地区主要经济林树种1958~2005年资料为基础,对山杏、大扁杏和大枣的经济效益进行科学评价。并采用数理统计方法,对3种主要经济林树种未来10年的发展前景进行了预测。     

遵义红军山松材线虫病预防与对策

遵义红军山和红花岗风景林坐落于遵义市区中心,山上有集中连片的马尾松林570．33hm^2,主要树种为马尾松,与遵义县龙坑镇松材线虫病疫点直线距离不足15km。该片松林所处的政治地位、生态地位、社会地位都具有特别重要的位置,对于如何保护好山上的一草一木,使该片马尾松林免遭松材线虫病的毁灭性危害,笔者提出预防设想与对策。     

The use of Verticillium dahliae and Diplodia scrobiculata to induce resistance in Pinus halepensis against Diplodia pinea infection

The pathogenic fungi Verticillium alboatrum and Diplodia scrobiculata were assayed for biological control of Diplodia pinea on Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) in Catalonia (north-eastern Spain). Young shoots were pre-treated with inoculations of either V. dahliae or D. scrobiculata, by placing colonized agar plugs on wounds made by removing a single needle fascicle. An inoculation with D. pinea was performed 15 days later. Two months after the shoot inoculations, the canker length on the stems was measured and the percentage of shoot dieback calculated. Verticillium dahliae and D. scrobiculata were found to significantly reduce the canker length of D. pinea (P < 0.05) when compared with positive controls. Diplodia pinea was slightly more sensitive to V. dahliae than to D. scrobiculata, but no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the mean canker length between the two treatments. Trees pre-inoculated with V. dahliae resulted in 31.12% shoot dieback, while those pre-inoculated with D. scrobiculata resulted in 32.18% shoot dieback, compared with positive controls (42.85%).     

湿加松扦插繁殖配套技术

文章从扦插繁殖基地建设和技术环节两方面来阐述湿加松扦插繁殖配套技术。在基地建设方面,提出分区建设思路,将基地区分为生产区和配套设施两大部分,其中生产区包括采穗圃、扦插圃、炼苗圃,配套设施包括7个部分,并就基地总体布局、各区建设要点和使用设施等作了详细说明。以年产100万株扦插苗的规模为例,对基地的建设投资进行了概算。在技术方面,重点介绍了采穗母株培育技术、采穗圃营建技术、扦插繁殖技术和出圃苗木的管理技术。并对营建湿加松扦插繁殖基地的投资收益与风险作了分析。对新建湿加松扦插繁殖苗圃具有指导意义。     

感染松材线虫病松树滑刃目线虫调查

 本研究首次在全国范围内调查感染松材线虫病松树体内滑刃目线虫的种群组成,包括种类记述和数量组成分析。结果表明:在300份样品中共分离得到10种滑刃目线虫,隶属于3科、4属,其中有2个国内新记录种;它们是松材线虫、拟松材线虫、霍夫曼尼伞滑刃线虫、薄荷滑刃线虫、大核滑刃线虫、小麦长尾线虫(国内新记录种)、爱尔密那长尾线虫(国内新记录种)、李氏长尾线虫、吴氏长尾线虫和外滑刃科线虫一种;描述并且图示比较它们的形态特征。种群数量组成分析表明:松材线虫在感病松树体内占据绝对的优势,削弱了松树线虫群落组成的多样性,即线虫群落结构趋向单一化。研究还表明,利用长尾属线虫的捕食习性来控制中国松材线虫病的流行与危害值得进一步探索与研究。     

江西铜鼓县公益林效益计量评价

通过等效益转换和货币置换,将森林多种效益币值化。计算出铜鼓县公益林总效益为58 150.17万元(1999年现价)。其中,生态效益、社会效益、有形产品三者的经济价值分别为30 840.11万元、20 401.28万元、6 908.78万元。除掉生态效益中净化大气这一潜在价值,得出三者经济价值比为1.83∶1∶。     

舒城县油茶低产林类型与综合改造技术模式

舒城县是安徽省油茶重点发展县,油茶产业开发走在全省的前列。本文阐述了舒城县现有油茶低产林类型、改造模式及其技术措施,对分类实施油茶低改具有一定现实意义和指导意义。     

天然杨桦用材林高效经营技术研究

选择不同林分类型和立地条件,按不同经营密度分别设立固定标准地,开展立地类型划分和最适密度选择。同时,在固定标准地内,对林分生长性状、形质指标、干物质积累量、枯枝落叶分解量及养分归还量进行连续定位观测。结果表明:经营密度对林分生长、干物质积累和枯枝落叶分解影响较大,且以中等经营密度(0.7)效果最理想。在立地类型划分、最适经营密度选择、密度效应分析、径级-株数分布规律研究的基础上,针对不同培育目标,分别提出不同立地条件下天然杨桦(胶合板材、普通建筑材、纸浆材)用材林高效经营技术,为科学经营存量种质资源,最大限度提高森林生产力奠定理论基础。     

Prediction of pine mistletoe infection using remote sensing imaging: A comparison of the artificial neural network model and logistic regression model

In this study, the prediction of pine mistletoe distribution in Scots pine ecosystems was explored using remote sensing variables to compare the multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network (ANN) and logistic regression (LR) model performances. For this purpose, 109 sample plots were distinguished in pure Scots pine forests (natural) in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. Distinguishing mistletoe-infected stands (69) and uninfected stands (40) was performed with field observations. The variables acquired from Landsat 8 (Level 1) images were used as independent variables for independent-sample t-test, MLP ANN and LR models. Remote sensing variables indicated that mistletoe-infected stands were in drier areas with a lower vegetation-leaf area index. Based on the performance results of both models, the sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of the MLP ANN model were superior to those of the LR model. The prediction percentages (SEN, SPE, PPV and NPV) of mistletoe-infected stands were better than the prediction percentages of uninfected stands. The prediction accuracies of LR and MLP ANN models were 74.3% and 89.6%, respectively. However, all remote sensing variables were included in the prediction equation of the MLP ANN model, while the thermal infrared 1 (TIRS1) variable was included in the LR model. In the MLP ANN model, the TIRS1 variable also had the highest normalized importance (100%). The area under the curve (AUC) value for identifying the mistletoe-infected stands of Scots pine forests used by the MLP ANN model (0.892 ± 0.034) was higher than in the LR model (0.838 ± 0.039), explaining the more accurate predictions obtained from the MLP ANN model. The MLP ANN model showed much better performance than the LR model. The results of this study are expected to make important contributions to the identification of potential mistletoe-infected areas.     

人工林林分密度最优控制策略的数学模型

采用变分法及最优控制理论就如何从空间和时间上合理安排与调控森林资源做了具体研究,得出了人工林的间伐强度和蓄积密度的最优控制策略及其连续变化的数学模型,其优点在于突破了以往仅给出离散状态下模型的局限性,从而为人工林的持续经营管理提供了理论依据。