Faecal virome of red foxes from peri-urban areas

Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are the most abundant carnivore species in the Northern Hemisphere. Since their populations are well established in peri-urban and urban areas, they represent a potential reservoir of viruses that transmit from wildlife to humans or domestic animals. In this study, we evaluated the faecal virome of juvenile and adult foxes from peri-urban areas in central Croatia. The dominating mammalian viruses were fox picobirnavirus and parvovirus. The highest number of viral reads (N = 1412) was attributed to a new fox circovirus and complete viral genome was de novo assembled from the high-throughput sequencing data. Fox circovirus is highly similar to dog circoviruses identified in diseased dogs in USA and Italy, and to a recently discovered circovirus of foxes with neurologic disease from the United Kingdom. Our fox picobirnavirus was more closely related to the porcine and human picobirnaviruses than to known fox picobirnaviruses.     

A novel mutation of the CLCN1 gene associated with myotonia hereditaria in an Australian cattle dog

BACKGROUND: Heritable myotonia is a genetic muscle disorder characterized by slow relaxation of skeletal muscles. The main clinical signs are skeletal muscle stiffness, especially after vigorous contraction, and muscle hypertrophy. Muscle stiffness may be enhanced by inactivity, and often is relieved by exercise. Myotonia can be inherited in an autosomal dominant or recessive manner (Thomsen- or Becker-type myotonia, respectively). In mice, goats, Miniature Schnauzer dogs, and most affected humans, the disorder is caused by mutations in CLCN1, which encodes the skeletal muscle voltage-gated chloride channel, Cl1C-1. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that an Australian Cattle Dog with generalized muscle stiffness and hypertrophy examined at the Ontario Veterinary College would have a mutation in the CLCN1 gene. ANIMALS: A pure-bred Australian Cattle Dog from Ontario, Canada, was used. METHODS: Based on clinical signs and electromyographic test results, a diagnosis of myotonia hereditaria was made, and a muscle biopsy was collected for genetic analysis. RESULTS: Sequence data obtained from the affected dog confirmed that it was homozygous for a single base insertion in the CLCN1 coding sequence. This mutation would result in a truncated ClC-1 protein being expressed, which, based on molecular evidence from other studies, would result in functionally compromised chloride conduction in the skeletal muscles of the animal. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: To the authors' knowledge, this report describes the Ist case of myotonia in an Australian Cattle Dog and represents the 1st non-Schnauzer canine myotonia to be genetically characterized. In addition, we developed a polymerase chain reaction-based genetic screen to detect heterozygotes with this mutation in the at-large Australian Cattle Dog population.     

鹿、貂、狐、貉养殖业应纳入畜牧业范畴

针对近年来养殖界在鹿、貂、狐、貉等特种经济动物的管理体制和执法上产生的争议,较系统地阐述了野生动物和家畜(禽)的区别,野生动物驯养繁殖与养殖业的关系等有关学术概念,并对生产技术成熟,已形成各自独立产业的鹿、狐、貂等特种经济动物在管理体制上存在的问题,提出了按照《畜牧法》和相关畜牧兽医法律法规进行管理的合理化建议。     

狐传染性脑炎活疫苗抗体消长规律的研究

应用血清中和试验和血凝抑制试验对狐传染性脑炎活疫苗免疫狐进行抗体水平动态监测,结果表明,疫苗接种14 d抗体达到保护,21~30 d抗体水平达到高峰;免疫240 d抗体仍在保护值以上。对SN抗体和HI抗体进行动态分析表明,两者呈正相关,均可用于狐传染性脑炎活疫苗免疫效力监测。     

An ecosystem-based assessment of the Korean blue crab trammel net fishery in the Yellow Sea and management implications

Landings in the blue crab, Portunus trituberculatus, fishery in Korean waters of the Yellow Sea have declined substantially from 11,000 t in the 1980s to 2,300 t in 2004. Blue crab habitat quality in the Yellow Sea has been degraded by anthropogenic activities including sand mining, land reclamation, and coastal pollution. Various traditional management measures have been implemented, including closed seasons during spawning and size limits, but these measures alone have been unsuccessful to conserve blue crab stocks. Consequently, a total allowable catch and a stock-rebuilding program using an ecosystem-based management approach were implemented in 2003 and 2006, respectively to rebuild blue crab stocks and restore habitats. This program involved assessment of both blue crab stock status and trammel-net fishery impacts at an ecosystem-level using an ecosystem-based fisheries assessment method ( [Zhang et al., 2009] and [Zhang et al., 2010]), which considered fishery data from catch and effort time-series, crab population biology, and ecosystem characteristics, including habitats and environmental conditions. Recent (2008) management status indices have shown significant positive change compared to conditions in 2000 with respect to sustainability of the stock and fishery and with regards to biodiversity and ecosystem habitat quality.     

蓝光连续光照对大豆芽苗菜类黄酮合成的影响

以黑暗培养(D)为对照,阐明了蓝光(B)连续光照对大豆(Glycine max L.Merr.)芽苗菜品种东农690生长和类黄酮合成的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,蓝光连续光照36 h显著提高了大豆芽苗菜子叶中山奈酚(kaempferol)和黄豆苷元(daidzein)的含量,同时子叶中蓝光光受体基因CRY1、CRY2,类黄酮合成相关基因IFS的表达量也显著提高。处理组中,大豆芽苗菜下胚轴中黄豆苷(daidzin)含量逐渐增加,黄豆苷元(daidzein)、染料木素(genistein)、染料木苷(genistin)和山奈酚(kaempferol)的含量先升高后下降,但在36 h时均显著高于黑暗处理。在蓝光光照6和24 h时,大豆芽苗菜下胚轴中苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)与查尔酮异构酶(CHI)活性与对照组相比均显著提高。类黄酮合成途径相关基因PAL、CHS、ANS、IFS的表达量在蓝光处理下均是先升高后下降,而蓝光光受体基因CRY1与CRY2的表达量随着光照时间延长逐渐升高。     

实施蓝海战略 振兴民族大豆产业

我国大豆产业面对国外大量涌入的转基因大豆的冲击、广大豆农无钱可赚、国产大豆加工企业没有利润空间的严峻形势,只有实施蓝海战略,才能突出重围,谋求新的发展,实现民族大豆产业的振兴。     

赤狐生境选择研究进展

总结了赤狐生境选择的研究方法和研究内容,概括了影响赤狐生境选择的主要因素,并探讨了赤狐生境选择的灵活性及赤狐和与其同域分布的动物种的共存机制.最后,提出了赤孤相应的保护措施.     

百子莲无土栽培营养液配方的研究

为提高百子莲的生产效率和花朵品质,降低百子莲的生产成本,促进百子莲的推广应用。本研究以两年生百子莲组培苗为材料,以无土基质配比组合(玉米秸秆∶百子莲腐叶∶炉渣=1∶2∶1)为栽培基质。试验营养液是在改良Hoagland营养液配方基础上,分别从浓度、铁盐含量和pH三个因素的三水平入手,按正交组合方法进行设计。从各营养液对百子莲形态及生理等指标的影响进行对比分析。结果表明:pH 6.5的0.5倍浓度添加1.2倍铁盐含量的无土基质栽培百子莲植株生长健壮,干物质积累迅速,抗外界胁迫能力强,是百子莲无土基质栽培的最佳的营养液处理配方。