何刚德《抚郡农产考略》农业经济思想初探

《抚郡农产考略》是清末江西有代表性的农学著作,不仅保存有抚州地区大量农产种类、栽培与加工技术等资料,还包含了大量的商品经济信息。作者何刚德已经认识到自给自足的自然经济会对生产有束缚作用,他在记载各类农产品时,提出“价值”的概念且用货币价格对其衡量,并深入揭示了农产品上市时间、供求、地理、交通条件等因素对价格的影响,进而寻求增值之道。何氏提倡多种经营,大力种植棉花、烟叶等经济作物,发挥柑橘、甘蔗等名优特产优势,促进农业的商品化生产。他还建议通过深加工的方式获取更高利润,并对未能引进西方的先进加工技术而感到惋惜。《抚郡农产考略》体现了中国近代官僚知识分子对农业经济转型的探索,具有重要的历史价值与现实意义。     

Growth performance of Black Bengal,Saanen, and their crossbred F1 as affected by sex,litter size,and season of kidding

The objective of the present study was to determine the factors that influenced growth performance of the goat kids of Black Bengal (BB), Saanen (SA), and their crossbred F1 (male Bengal × female Saanen [BBSA] and male Saanen × female Black Bengal [SABB]). Data for 674 kids were analyzed from 316 litters and 134 does. All kids were weekly measured on their characteristics (body weight, length, height at the withers, and chest girth) from birth to 11 weeks old. The kid’s breed and sex, litter size, and season of kidding influenced birth weight and other characteristics through the experiment. The SA and BBSA kids showed similar performance, which were higher than BB and SABB kids. Male kids had higher performance than female kids, and kids from a single litter showed the highest performance. Kids born during rainy season showed lower performance than those born in hot and cool seasons. In conclusion, the crossbred BBSA is superior to SABB or BB to raise in tropical climate Moreover, sex, litter size, and kidding season also affected growth performance during the preweaning period up to 11 weeks old.     

Introduction to the International Symposium on Lipid Science and Health and research progress in lipid science and health

The International Symposium on Lipid Science and Health (ISLSH), which was organized annually by Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (OCRI-CAAS) since 2016, has gained a strong reputation and attracted hundreds of delegates from around the world for discussion of lipid research trends and advances every year, to promote research and academic exchanges in the fields of lipid science and health. The 5th International Symposium on lipid Science and Health was successfully held in Wuhan, China, from October 23rd to 25th, 2020, to celebrate the 60th anniversary of OCRI-CAAS. The two-day symposium gathered well-known experts specialized in lipid science to share the current state of lipid research with emphasis on aspects covering: (1) lipid profiling and characterization, (2) lipid preparation and modification, (3) lipid improvement and regulation, and (4) lipid nutrition and health. The symposium was conducted by a combination of on-site and network meeting. More than 250 distinguished delegates from academia and industry participated in the on-site multidisciplinary meeting, and thousands of scholars attended the virtual event. This paper is as a record of the symposium proceedings and a brief summary of the advances and trends in 4 aspects of lipid science and health.     

面向养殖水体分布差异的COD光谱法检测研究

面向养殖水体，传统光谱法对化学需氧量（Chemical Oxygen Demand，COD）检测模型构建的基础：源域（现有样本库）与目标域（检测地水体）间光谱数据独立同分布。但是当源域与目标域分布间存在差异时，由源域得到的低误差模型常在目标域上表现下滑。针对该问题，提出面向UV Vis光谱的域对抗训练网络（DAUVwpNet），将分布不同的源域和目标域数据映射至相同分布的特征空间中，使其在该空间的分布距离尽可能接近，从而在特征空间中对源域训练的目标函数也可以迁移至目标域上，以降低模型在目标域的误差。试验表明：面向同一批测试数据，DAUVwpNet的预测误差为0.78，要低于传统模型的预测误差（0.85）；DAUVwpNet预测值与实测值间相关系数为0.95，要高于传统模型的相关系数（0.89）。表明了该网络能够较好对齐两域特征空间数据分布，降低因分布差异带来的COD检测误差。     

牦牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病的防制研究

20世纪80年代以来，我国牦牛群中陆续发现牛病毒性腹泻／粘膜病(BVD／MD)，血清阳性率在30％～42．4％之间，病死率在30％左右，本研究先后从四川、西藏等地牦牛中分离出病毒，并对其进行各种生物学特征鉴定后，表明该病毒与标准毒属同一种，所不同的是四川牦牛病毒株属非致细胞病变型，即属NCP型。但回归本动物能复制出典型病例。目前尚无国产牛粘膜病疫苗用于生产。本研究依据猪瘟病毒与牛病毒性腹泻／粘膜病病毒具有交叉免疫性的原理，用猪瘟弱毒苗对牦牛病毒性腹泻／粘膜病进行预防，试验证明用猪瘟弱毒苗可以预防牛病毒性腹泻／粘膜病，且安全可靠，具有实用价值。     

黑荆树单宁浸取技术的研究

采用分段浸取新工艺是黑荆树皮单宁提取的关键技术。即以平转型连续最提为常压段、以水平渗滤（进、出）垂直釜为加压段，经生产考核，其工艺先进、运行可靠、经济合理、操作简便，产品质量稳定。     

糖槭叶枯病发病规律及防治

糖槭叶枯病 Phyllosticta negundinis病菌孢子放散开始期和高峰期与每年的温、湿度变化有关。病害发生严重程度与降雨量关系密切 ,降雨早且量大时病害严重。病菌以分生孢子器和分生孢子在病叶上越冬 ,通过气流传播成为翌年初侵染源。喷洒 70 %甲基托布津可湿性粉剂 10 0 0倍液和 75%百菌清可湿性粉剂 80 0倍液均能收到较好的效果     

羔羊全营养代乳粉对羔羊增重影响的试验

为了研究羔羊出生后采取人工饲喂代乳粉溶液的效果，对10日龄羔羊称重，以平均日增重与母乳组比较，用t检验方法检验差异显著性。研究结果显示羔羊平均日增重试验组为0.097-0.126kg，母乳组为0.071-0.113kg，二者没有显著差异。在生产中，代乳粉能替代绵羊母乳饲喂羔羊，对多胎品系羊的推广应用以及解决绵羊缺乳、少乳或无乳问题具有重要意义。     

冬春季莱芜黑山羊松果体功能状态的免疫组织化学比较

应用5-HT免疫组织化学染色法，对冬春两季的莱芜黑山羊松果体进行了观察比较，以探讨松果体与下丘脑垂体-性腺轴的关系。结果显示，莱芜黑山羊松果体内存在大量5-HT阳性的松果体细胞及5-HT纤维；冬季松果体阳性细胞面积及阳性面积比都明显大于春季（P〈0．01），平均光密度在冬、春季间无明显差异（P〉0．05）。表明莱芜黑山羊松果体的功能活动呈现季节性变化，与羊的繁殖活动关系密切。     

非洲黑鸵鸟人工饲养条件下繁殖性能的观察

14只2岁非洲黑鸵鸟按公母比例1:2～3分成4个繁殖组合,对产蛋、受精、孵化情况进行观察分析。结果显示,每只母鸵鸟年平均产蛋量为55.2枚,最高约为73枚,最低为39枚。4个组合鸟群之间种蛋的受精率存在显著的差异P<0.01,I组的受精率最高,为59.6%;IV组的受精率最低,仅8.9%。各组的受精率、孵化率差异不显著P>0.05,平均受精蛋孵化率达到92.6%。本次受精率较低的原因为公鸟年龄小,没有完全达到性成熟。