节水灌溉对葡萄及葡萄酒质量的影响

 研究了不同灌溉方法对葡萄生长发育、浆果品质和葡萄酒质量的影响。结果表明, 节水灌溉显著改善了土壤结构, 增加了深层土壤的根系密度; 提高了果汁糖含量, 降低了酸含量和全盐含量, 改善了pH 值; 提高了葡萄酒的感官质量, 酒体丰满, 香气浓郁, 滋味更好; 年灌溉用水量3825 ~ 4800m3# hm^-2, 比常规灌溉节水36%。     

葡萄品种浆果成熟期多样性及归类标准评价

对郑州葡萄圃内260个鲜食和153个酿酒品种的浆果成熟期进行了鉴定评价。在郑州地区,最早熟的葡萄种质材料早莎巴珍珠6月29日生理成熟,果实发育期48d;最晚熟的种质材料大宝10月12日成熟,果实发育期144d,在其间的103d时间里不断有成熟的葡萄品种,表现了丰富的多样性。酿酒葡萄的果实成熟期相对集中,大多数酿酒葡萄品种在8月中旬成熟,7月份和9月份成熟的葡萄品种所占的比例极少。果实发育期≤60d、61～80d、81～100d、101～120d、≥121d的品种次数呈正态分布,果实发育期81～100d的品种占收集品种的53.03%;果实发育期少于60d的极早熟品种和果实发育期多于120d的极晚熟品种所占比例较少。早、中、晚熟品种按照浆果发育期进行归类较为简便。     

枸杞果实发育模式及营养物含量变化研究

通过对枸杞果实发育过程中果实生长模式、碳水化合物、有机酸、Vc、可溶性蛋白质、多糖、类胡萝卜素含量的测定，系统分析它们在果实整个生长发育过程中的动态变化。结果表明枸杞果实发育呈双“S”曲线；可溶性总糖、还原糖含量生长前期变化不明显，近成熟时迅速积累至最高；淀粉含量前期积累，后期降低。成熟时果实中不含淀粉；总酸含量呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势；Vc含量变化总体上呈先升高后降低的变化趋势；果实在发育前期可溶性蛋白质含量较低。随后升高。至花后27d达最高峰，以后逐渐减少；多糖、类胡萝卜素含量在发育前期较低，于花后27d迅速增加，到成熟时达最大值。     

黑穗醋栗半同胞子代遗传效应分析及优良家系选择

以黑穗醋栗半同胞家系子代测定林为研究对象,通过探讨果实性状的遗传变异规律综合分析了数量性状的遗传效应,并以此为基础材料,系统进行了优良家系的选择。结果表明,家系间果实性状存在一定的变异,其中,果径变异较小,果穗质量变异较大,单果质量变异最大,平均变异系数分别为2.75%、32.36%和40.41%。果径和果穗质量的遗传力较强,遗传增益中等,遗传分化较小,遗传力分别为0.995和0.811,遗传增益分别为1.28%和9.67%,综合考虑各种影响因素,确定RINI07为优良家系。     

几种植物生长调节剂对葡萄果实大小和品质的效应

对ＣＰＰＵ、ＧＡ＿３、ＰＤＪ和Ｓ－ＡＢＡ等几种植物生长调节剂组合对葡萄果实大小和品质的影响进行了研究。结果表明：在盛花期前１０天ＧＡ＿３５０×１０￣（－６）配合盛花后１０天ＣＰＰＵ１０×１０（－６）和ＧＡ＿３１０×１０￣（－６）混合处理，增大白香蕉葡萄果穗和果粒重量的效果明显，同时增加了果实可溶性固形物含量和着色度。在盛花后１５天ＣＰＰＵ５×１０￣（－６）配合果实着色始期ＰＤＪ２５０×１０（－６）的处理，可明显增大藤稔葡萄果穗、单粒重及可溶性固形物含量，并促进果面着色。     

Anatomy of Vitis Berries During Their Coloring

During 1998-1999, the course of the berry coloring and the development of the pigment cells from veraison to ripeness were studied by freeze sectioning 43 accessions of 12 Vitis species (including 10 Chinese wild species). External observation showed that the berries of most species began coloring on the fruit top surface or on the sun-lit surface, and the berry surface color was evenly distributed when the berry was ripe.Internal observation revealed that the pigment cells in a few layers between cuticle and sub-cuticle colored first, the cuticle colored from inner layers to outer layers while the sub-cuticle from outer to inner, and the cuticle cells began coloring a little earlier than the sub-cuticle ones in most species. The pigment cells developed unevenly during the berry ripening. In the beginning of berry coloring, the cell pigment density among the layers or among the cells in the same layer was different. Both the numbers of the pigmented cells and the cell pigment density increased during the berry coloring, while the former lasted a short time; however, the latter kept increasing from veraison to ripeness, and they reached the deepest color when the berry was ripe.     

Regulated deficit irrigation effects on growth, yield, grape quality and individual anthocyanin composition in Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Tempranillo’

Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) is an irrigation scheduling technique, originally developed for fruit orchards, that has been successfully adapted for winegrape production. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of RDI in vegetative growth, yield and harvest quality in ‘Tempranillo’ vineyards grown under semiarid conditions typical in Mediterranean areas. Two RDI strategies were compared with conventional irrigation practices (CI). CI that consisted in a progressive increase in water deficit as summer progressed, whereas RDI strategies (RDI1 and RDI2) had in common a deficit period just after fruit set and, in RDI2, vines were subjected to an additional stress period shortly after veraison. The experiment was carried out in four consecutive seasons in a commercial vineyard.Water stress at the beginning of berry development resulted in an important reduction of both vegetative growth and berry weight in RDI strategies. No differences in sugar concentration were found between treatments, and RDI berries tended to have lower acidity. The most relevant effect of RDI strategies on grape quality was an increase in anthocyanin and phenolics concentration. In RDI1 berries, this increase was mainly an indirect consequence of smaller berry size. However, in the RDI2 treatment the higher berry anthocyanin concentration reported was not exclusively due to a reduction in berry size. Since harvest quality has been clearly improved by any of the RDI strategies in both years, it can be concluded that RDI constitutes an interesting technique to be applied in ‘Tempranillo’ vineyards grown in semiarid areas aiming to obtain high quality grape.     

不同反光膜对设施葡萄果实糖分代谢与品质的影响

对蓝色膜、红色膜、银色膜等不同反光膜对设施葡萄果实糖代谢和品质的影响进行了研究。结果表明,3种反光膜处理均提高了叶幕下方光强,改变了光质,调节了果实的蔗糖代谢相关酶活性,其中在红膜和蓝膜处理下果实的酸性转化酶(AI)活性最高。各覆膜处理的果实蔗糖合酶(SS)活性均高于对照,而蔗糖磷酸合酶(SPS)活性均低于对照,其中银色膜、红膜处理的活性较低。各覆膜处理下果实中果糖、葡萄糖含量均高于对照,其中蓝膜处理果实葡萄糖含量最高(68.0 mg/g),银色膜处理果糖含量最高(54.8 mg/g)。此外,各覆膜处理均显著改善了果实品质,特别是蓝膜处理最为显著,提高了果实中可溶性糖含量、平均单果质量,降低了可滴定酸含量。花青苷含量以红膜最高,蓝膜次之。     

不同砧木对藤稔葡萄生长与果实品质的影响

以南方应用较广的几个砧木品种嫁接藤稔,观察砧木对藤稔葡萄生长与果实品质的影响。结果表明：砧木嫁接的藤稔结实性能都较优良,树体的生长势以5BB、华佳8号、SO4砧试树上长势较好;果粒增大状况以华佳8号、5BB砧试树上最佳,果粒重平均达17．0～17．5g,比对照增加30％左右;果实的可溶性固形物含量以1613和华佳8号砧试树上最高,平均为14．5％,比对照高20％;果实的硬度为5BB、华佳8号的试树上果肉最硬,平均为1．91～1．96kg/cm^2。经综合测评,砧木品种嫁接的“藤稔”生长势及果实性状均比巨峰砧的藤稔优良,由此建议藤稔栽培采用砧木嫁接苗,首选砧木为华佳8号和5BB、1613。