Supplemental saline drip irrigation applied at different growth stages of two bell pepper cultivars grown with or without mulch in non-saline soil

The effect of supplemental saline (2.5 dS m⁻¹) drip irrigation and black polyethylene mulch on two cultivars of bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) was investigated under field conditions using a randomized complete block design with split-split plot restriction. The research included six irrigation treatments (main plots): (i) non-saline irrigation control applied throughout growth (None), (ii) saline irrigation from transplanting until formation of the first fruit set (S1S2), (iii) saline irrigation from transplanting until appearance of the first flower and from first harvest to final harvest (S1S4), (iv) saline irrigation from appearance of the first flower to first harvest (S2S3), (v) saline irrigation from fruit set to final harvest (S3S4), and (vi) saline irrigation throughout growth (All); two mulch treatments (subplots): (i) black mulch and (ii) bare soil; and two bell pepper cultivars (sub-subplots): (i) Early Sunsation and (ii) Red Knight. Production of fully ripened fruits was higher in mulched plants regardless of saline irrigation treatments. In humid areas with non-saline soil, supplemental saline drip irrigation could be used with black polyethylene mulch to save water while maintaining fruit production.     

侵染芹菜的甜椒内源RNA病毒鉴定及序列分析

本试验利用双链RNA(double-stranded RNA,dsRNA)提取技术和非序列依赖PCR扩增(sequence-independent amplification,SIA)方法对表现皱缩症状的芹菜进行分子鉴定,发现芹菜被甜椒内源RNA病毒Bell pepper alphaendornavirus(BPEV)所侵染。为进一步明确山西芹菜BPEV分离物(BPEV-QC,GenBank登录号为KY659226)的分类地位,根据SIA测序结果设计BPEV特异性引物进行RT-PCR检测,并进行序列相似性比较和系统进化分析。序列同源性分析表明:BPEV-QC与BPEV分离物(IS、Maor、Kyosuzu、BPEV、lj、BPEV-YW)的同源性为80.0%~97.8%,与其他内源RNA病毒科分离物的同源性仅为30.6%~37.6%,表明:BPEV-QC与BPEV分离物(IS、Maor、Kyosuzu、BPEV、lj)形成一个独立分支,亲缘关系最近。     

Effects of Organic Amendments on Productivity and Profitability of Bell Pepper–French Bean–Garden Pea System and on Soil Properties during Transition to Organic Production

A transition period of at least 2 years is required for annual crops before the produce may be certified as organically grown. There is a need to better understand the various management options for a smooth transition from conventional to organic production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different organic amendments and biofertilizers (BFs) on productivity and profitability of a bell pepper–french bean–garden pea system as well as soil fertility and enzymatic activities during conversion to organic production. For this, the following six treatments were established in fixed plots: composted farmyard manure (FYMC, T₁); vermicompost (VC, T₂); poultry manure (PM, T₃) along with biofertilizers (BF) [Rhizobium/Azotobacter + phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas striata)]; mix of three amendments (FYMC + PM + VC + BF, T₄); integrated nutrient management (FYMC + NPK, T₅); and unamended control (T₆). The yields of bell pepper and french bean under organic nutrient management were markedly lower (25.2–45.9% and 29.5–46.2%, respectively) than with the integrated nutrient management (INM). Among the organic treatments, T₄ and T₁ produced greater yields of both bell pepper (27.96 Mg ha^?1) and french bean (3.87 Mg ha^?1) compared with other treatments. In garden pea, however, T₄ gave the greatest pod yield (7.27 Mg ha^?1) and was significantly superior to other treatments except T₅ and T₁. The latter treatment resulted in the lowest soil bulk density (1.19 Mg m^?3) compared with other treatments. Similarly, soil organic C was significantly greater in all the treatments (1.21–1.30%) except T₂ compared to T₆ (1.06%). Plots under INM, however, had greater levels of available nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium (NPK) than those under organic amendments. T₁ plots showed greater dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activities compared with other treatments. However, T₄ and T₅ plots had greater activities of β-glucosidase and urease activities, respectively. The cost of cultivation was greater under organic nutrient management (except T₂) compared with INM. The latter treatment gave greater gross margin and benefit/cost (B/C) ratio for all vegetables, except that T₂ gave greater B/C ratio in garden pea compared with other treatments. We conclude that T₁ and T₄ were more suitable for enhancing the productivity of bell pepper–french bean–garden pea system, through improved soil properties, during transition to organic production.     

新疆辣椒中BPEV和PCV2的鉴定与分析

为明确新疆石河子辣椒感染病毒的种类,对表现明显皱缩、褪绿和卷叶等症状的辣椒样本进行长链非编码RNA(Long noncoding RNA, LncRNA)测序。根据LncRNA测序和RT-PCR检测,发现甜椒内源RNA病毒(Bell pepper endornavirus, BPEV)、辣椒隐症病毒2(Pepper cryptic virus 2, PCV2)和辣椒轻斑驳病毒(Pepper mild mottle virus, PMMoV)3种病毒。RT-PCR检测数据显示,新疆石河子的辣椒普遍感染BPEV和PMMoV。将BPEV的RdRp基因序列和PCV2-RNA1包含RdRp基因的序列分别进行核苷酸序列相似性和系统进化分析。结果表明本研究中BPEV-XJ和PCV2-XJ与其它分离物的相似性分别为89.1%～97.3%和96.9%～99.7%。BPEV-XJ与BPEV-TW分离物亲缘关系最近;PCV2-XJ与PCV2-DR分离物亲缘关系最近。辣椒中检测到BPEV和PCV2为新疆首次报道。     

甜椒的园艺学分类及其特性

从对美国、澳大利亚、日本、南斯拉夫、我国等国家甜椒的园艺学分类系统和地处热带地区的国家种植的主要甜椒品种的分析中,发现世界各国甜椒的园艺学分类虽然不完全相同,但仍有许多相似之处:(1)分类基本是以果型、果实大小为依据,(2)主要的甜椒品种类型是Bell型。Bell型甜椒品种果型有方型和长型之分。根据丰富多彩的果实颜色(成熟果实颜色和未成熟果实颜色),方型甜椒品种可分为绿色甜椒(由绿转红)和彩色甜椒两类。目前市场上的长型甜椒品种的果实颜色为绿转红和由绿转黄两种类型。     

园林树种黄花风铃木

黄花风铃木具有较强的园林应用和观赏价值,适合多方位、多形式的配置,非常值得在园林当中推广运用。     

贝尔麻痹诊断与治疗时机的研究

目的 :探讨贝尔麻痹的定位诊断及瞬目反射 (blink reflex,BR)、神经电图 (electroneurogram,ENo G)测试结果与预后的关系和治疗时机的选择。方法 :对 36例贝尔麻痹患者进行定位诊断、BR、ENo G测试 ,并对面肌功能进行评分。结果 :对定位诊断病变在 D段 ,面肌功能评分在 1 1分以下 ,BR及 ENo G测试显示面肌功能差的患者行保守治疗效果差 ,而行面神经减压术后可望提高疗效 ,发病 1月内检查结果与预后一致 (P>0 .0 5)。结论 :对临床上定位诊断病变在D段以下 ,面肌功能评分在 1 1分以上 ,发病后 1月内 BR测试 R1 波存在及 ENo G测试面肌纤维损失 <90 %的患者 ,保守治疗可完全恢复 ;反之 ,效果就差。对保守治疗无效者 ,必须行面神经减压术。     

日照绿茶品牌形象对消费者购买意愿的影响研究

为了解日照绿茶品牌形象对消费者购买意愿的影响,笔者以茶叶消费者为主要研究对象,梳理了国内外有关品牌形象理论模型,以贝尔模型作为本文的理论模型基础并结合行业特点,把日照绿茶品牌形象划分为茶企形象、茶叶产品形象、消费者形象三个维度,同时引入了感知价值变量,构建了“品牌形象—感知价值—购买意愿”三者之间的关系模型。从消费者角度进行了调查问卷,并通过SPSS24.0对调查问卷数据进行分析。研究结果表明,日照绿茶品牌形象的茶企形象、茶叶产品形象、消费者形象对感知价值及消费意愿都有显著的影响作用,消费者感知价值对消费者购买意愿有显著的正向促进作用,感知价值在品牌形象和消费者购买意愿中有中介效应。     

Supplementary Potassium Nitrate Improves Salt Tolerance in Bell Pepper Plants

Abstract

The effect of supplementary potassium nitrate (KNO₃) on growth and yield of bell pepper (Capsicum annum cv. 11B 14) plants grown in containers under high root‐zone salinity was investigated. Treatments were (1) control, soil only and (2) high salt treatment, as for control plus 3.5 g NaCl kg^?1 soil. Above treatments were combined with or without either 0.5 or 1 g supplementary KNO₃ kg^?1 soil. Plants grown at high NaCl had significantly less dry matter, fruit yield, and chlorophyll than those in the control treatment. Supplementing the high salt soil with 0.5 and 1 g KNO₃ kg^?1 increased plant dry matter, fruit yield, and chlorophyll concentrations as compared to high salt treatment. Membrane permeability increased significantly with high NaCl application, but less so when supplementary KNO₃ was applied. High NaCl resulted in plants with very leaky root systems as measured by high K efflux; rate of leakage was reduced by supplementary KNO₃. These data suggest that NaCl status affect root membrane integrity. Sodium (Na) concentration in plant tissues increased in leaves and roots in the elevated NaCl treatment as compared to control treatment. Concentrations of K and N in leaves were significantly lower in the high salt treatment than in the control. For the high salt treatment, supplementing the soil with KNO₃ at 1 g kg^?1 resulted in K and N levels similar to those of the control. These results support the view that supplementary KNO₃ can overcome the effects of high salinity on fruit yield and whole plant biomass in pepper plants.     

低剂量快中子对角倍秋迁蚜（干雌Ⅲ世代）辐射处理效应的研究初报

本文报道了中子辐射处理角倍秋迁蚜对其越冬寄生率的影响，试验结果表明，与对照组相比，在10^4、10^5、10^6、＋10^6、10^75个辐射剂量组中，以10^7剂量组效应量佳，寄生率提高了1.724个百分点，增益幅度达89.4%。