小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾的抗药性现状及治理对策

综述了长江流域小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾对各类农药的抗性现状及其抗性治理对策,并针对田间小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾常与其它害虫混发的特点,提出了具体的防治办法。     

上海地区甜菜夜蛾的抗药性及防治

通过浸渍法测定上海地区甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)对有机磷、拟除虫菊酯类、昆虫生长调节剂类(IGRs)以及一些新型药剂的抗性,结果表明:甜菜夜蛾对乙酰甲胺磷和氰戊菊酯的抗性分别为2 731.2和619.5倍的超高抗水平。昆虫生长调节剂如抑太保、米满等药剂对甜菜夜蛾抗性表现较好,是防治甜菜夜蛾的理想药剂,但近几年的敏感性有所下降,应注意抗药性抗性的产生和加剧。田间药效与室内毒力测定结果显示趋势一致。除尽、安打、氟铃脲、甲胺基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和病毒制剂等是目前防治甜菜夜蛾的良好药剂。     

基因工程在甜菜育种中的研究现状

基因工程作为1种最有效的现代作物育种方式,已在多种作物中得到广泛应用。甜菜转基因研究起步较晚,但取得的成绩显著。从抗病、抗虫、抗除草剂及品质改良等领域综述了基因工程在甜菜育种方面的研究成果及进展。     

甜菜花叶病毒病研究之二——感病细胞超微结构观察

 对不同时期感染甜菜花叶病毒(BtMV)的叶片,进行病理变化系列观察。早期侵染(7天前)的细胞质、细胞器均无变化,随着症状发展,风轮状内含体、束状内含体、细胞核卫星体,细胞质泡囊化旁类似病毒的束状结构,20天达到了高峰,风轮状及束状内含体一直持续两个月还存在。田间样品也观察到了典型的风轮状及束状内含体。细胞核卫星体出现很少。侵染后期,细胞质减少,叶绿体比相应健株提前出现淀粉粒,噬锇颗粒等,基粒片层也提前消解,表现细胞提前衰老的特征。此外细胞内还有许多健株没有的泡状结构。一种为旁壁体,可能与细胞壁加厚有关;一种为多重泡体的叠加,可能是液泡的吞噬作用加强与外源物质(BtMV)侵入有关;另外还有一种可能是过氧化物酶体或线粒体在病毒诱导下泡囊化,其作用不清楚。     

Susceptibility and resistance of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Beta vulgaris</Emphasis> subsp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">maritima</Emphasis> to foliar rub-inoculation with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Beet necrotic yellow vein virus</Emphasis>

Four lines (designated MR0, MR1, MR2, and M8) from 13 accessions of Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima were selected on the basis of phenotypes produced after foliar rub-inoculation with Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV). The susceptible phenotype developed bright yellow local lesions, whereas the resistant phenotype had symptoms ranging from no visible lesions to necrotic lesions at the inoculation site. MR1 and MR2 lines had a resistant phenotype depending on the isolate and the MR0 line was susceptible to all isolates of BNYVV tested. The M8 line was highly susceptible; the virus spread systemically and caused severe stunting. These plant lines will be useful for distinguishing BNYVV isolates having different pathogenicities, especially those controlled by RNA3 and/or RNA5.     

草地螟滞育性的研究

草地螟在我国部分地区有滞育现象.是影响越冬虫源分布和种群数量变动的重要原因之一.1982—1984年观察研究结果,光周期是影响滞育性的决定性条件.其临界光周期为14—15小时,最低临界点13小时,最高临界点16小时,温度是影响年度间滞育量的重要因素.以光周期划分草地螟的滞育区和非滞育区,是掌握虫源基地的重要依据.以滞育区的气温变化,分析幼虫滞育量,对展望种群数量的自然积累或衰落,即种群数量变动规律,具有重要意义.     

Reduced titer of BNYVV in transgenic sugar beets expressing the BNYVV coat protein

Summary Rhizomania is a disease of sugar beet caused by the furovirus beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV). Coat protein mediated resistance has been reported for a number of viral diseases. This approach to virus resistance was therefore attempted for control of rhizomania. Two constructs of the coat protein gene of BNYVV were introduced into sugar beet by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The mRNA level was estimated to be 0.01% of the poly A⁺ RNA. Expression of the coat protein gene was under the detection limit of our western blotting protocol i.e. below 0.01 g/50 g (0.02% of the total soluble protein). One transformation event per construct was tested in a greenhouse assay and in rhizomania infested soil in a field trial. In the greenhouse assay, transgenic plants showed a strong reduction of virus multiplication when compared to non-transgenic plants. This result was confirmed in the field trial, where a significant difference in virus multiplication was shown between plants with and without the coat protein gene.     

大同盆地盐碱地甜菜高产配套技术研究

本文针对大同盆地盐碱地甜菜产量低、经济效益差的现状，从协调水、温、盐、肥的角度出发，系统分析和研究了大同盆地盐碱地的水盐运动特点和沟种集中施肥、提早覆膜、纸筒育苗移栽的抗盐保苗技术及在覆膜和露地种植下的科学用肥和合理密植等栽培管理措施，提出了盐碱地甜菜高产配套技术。据１９９０年生产示范；该项配套技术在各示范点覆膜和露地情况下增产均在２７．８％以上，高的可达８７．１％，具有明显经济效益，可在大同盆地     

小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾的抗药性现状及治理对策

综述了长江流域小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾对各类农药的抗性现状及其抗性治理对策，并针对田间小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾常与其它害虫混发的特点，提出了具体的防治办法。     

不同药剂防治花菜甜菜夜蛾的田间药效试验

通过采用20%氯虫苯甲酰胺、10%虫螨腈、24%甲氧虫酰肼和20%氰氟虫腙进行防治花菜甜菜夜蛾药剂筛选试验,结果显示,药后7 d 6个处理4种药剂防效达到最高,均在85%以上,药后10 d各药剂的防效开始降低。各药剂相比,20%氯虫苯甲酰胺的防效最佳,速效性好,持效期长,推荐剂量为7.5 mL/667 m2或10 mL/667 m2,可与20%氰氟虫腙、10%虫螨腈等交替使用。