苹果粗皮病与锰含量的关系

对胶东半岛部分发生苹果粗皮病(IBN)的果园的土壤和植株进行了分析测定,结果表明:发生苹果粗皮病的果园土壤有效锰含量较高,而且粗皮病严重果园高于粗皮病较轻果园。发生粗皮病的苹果树花器官中锰含量较高,粗皮病最严重的姜格庄果园苹果树花器官中锰平均含量比观水镇高出139.28mg/kg,比季家埠重病园和轻病园分别高122.34和182.19mg/kg。从4月到10月,苹果粗皮病逐渐加重,叶片中锰含量逐步增高。10月份姜格庄果园最高锰含量达1717.85mg/kg,平均锰含量达1119.69mg/kg,而粗皮病较轻的季家埠果园则仅306.03mg/kg,前者比后者高265.88%。对不同部位锰含量测定表明,锰含量在叶片中最高,其次是韧皮部,木质部最低。表明胶东半岛苹果粗皮病的发生是因为锰过量。可能是土壤锰含量高,pH值低,降雨多,施肥不合理等,造成土壤锰有效性增加.导致树体吸收过量而出现粗皮病害。     

环切对糯米糍荔枝果实大小和裂果的影响

结果母枝和主枝环切处理导致糯米糍荔枝的果实大小显著减小,裂果率显著增加,环切圈以上叶片中可溶性糖和淀粉的含量显著增加,结果母枝中的可溶性糖含量增加,果实中的总糖与蔗糖含量则显著地降低。据此认为,近几年来,糯米糍的果个比20世纪80年代明显减小,裂果增加,很可能与生产中多年连续施行主枝环切(或环剥)技术有关,而碳水化合物运入果实量的减少可能是环切导致果实变小的原因之一。     

基于14C同化物运转和分配对黄柏剥皮的再生机理

以14C为示踪剂,用14CO2+CO2法对2年生黄柏进行半株标记,在主干上环状剥去韧皮部,以塑料薄膜包裹,燃烧法制样、液体闪烁测量法测14C活度。结果表明,未剥皮黄柏韧皮部的14C同化物运输速率为52.0cm/h,3h左右同化物从树冠运输到根系,树冠不同部位的功能叶14C同化物分配为:中部功能叶>上部功能叶>下部功能叶;剥皮后,同化物分配规律改变为:上部功能叶>中部功能叶>下部功能叶;剥皮第15天在新生韧皮部、剥口下方的树皮及根系中检测到14C同化物,表明新生韧皮部的生理功能得到恢复。     

树皮堆肥施用方法对番茄生长、产量及品质的影响

在日光温室栽培条件下,研究了树皮堆肥对番茄生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,与施用普通有机肥相比,施用树皮堆肥可促进番茄植株的生长,提高根系活力和净光合速率,增加产量,改善果实营养品质和风味,尤可增加VC含量和可溶性糖含量,减少果实硝酸盐含量,其中666．7m2穴施5000kg树皮堆肥处理效果最好。     

长白山红松阔叶林主要树种树皮抗火性的分析与排序

应用因子分析法对长白山红松阔叶林8种乔木树皮的5种性状进行统计分析,得出了树皮抗火性顺序.对树皮抗火性由强到弱的排序为:春榆(胸径52.9 cm)、紫椴(胸径13.5 cm)、蒙古栎(胸径82.8cm)、色木槭(胸径32.5 cm)、水曲柳(胸径31.0 cm)、白牛槭(胸径13.5 cm)、色木槭(胸径34.2 cm...     

救必应水提物与抗菌药联用对产ESBLs细菌的抑制效果

【目的】探讨救必应水提取物与抗菌药联合诱导细菌传代的体外抑菌活性,为救必应的综合开发利用提供参考依据。【方法】采用96孔反应板二倍微量稀释法体外检测救必应水提取物与抗菌药的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）,并以1/2 MIC的救必应水提取物与抗菌药联合诱导产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（Extended spectrum beta-lactamases,ESBLs）细菌传代,然后用微量棋盘稀释法测定救必应水提取物与抗菌药联合作用后的部分抑菌浓度指数（FICI）。【结果】救必应水提取物的MIC为1.0 g/mL,以0.5g/mL的救必应水提取物与阿莫西林、左氧氟沙星、克林沙星、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、加替沙星、头孢噻呋钠6种抗菌药联合诱导产ESBLs细菌传代后MIC显著降低,联用后的FICI分别为0.375、0.750、0.750、0.515、0.750和0.750。【结论】救必应水提取物可明显增强抗菌药对产ESBLs细菌的抗菌活性,且呈协同或相加作用。     

Effects of different ecological and silvicultural factors on beetle catches in the Turkish fir (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Abies bornmülleriana</Emphasis> Mattf.) ecosystems

To study the bark beetle attacks on Turkish fir stands and to determine the principle site and stand factors influencing beetle attacks, trap log method was used in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey. The study was carried out in ten different locations prior to flying time in February 2003. On each experimental plot, three healthy fir trees with 30–50 cm diameter and 200 m apart were cut down with a chainsaw. From each sampling tree, needles were sub-sampled for determination of specific leaf-area and macro-nutrient concentrations. In addition, on each experimental plot, crown closure, basal-area, and stand density were measured. To determine the bulk density and nutrient concentrations of the soil, samples were taken around trees on each plot. The relationship between measured stand variables, the number of beetle species and beetle populations were evaluated using correlation and stepwise multiple regression procedure. Eight different species belonging to four different families from Coleoptera were identified in examining the trap logs. Six of these eight species (Pissodes piceae Illig., Pissodes notatus Fabr., Cryphalus piceae Ratz., Pityophthorus pityographus Ratz., Xyloterus lineatus Oliv., Pityokteines curvidens Germ.) were identified as harmful beetles (HB). The other two (Thanasimus formicarius L. and Rhizophagus dispar Payk.) were identified as predator species. The analysis showed that the total number of HB increased as the site’s slope and needle specific leaf area increased. However, as needle N concentrations increased, HB population decreased. Increased Ca concentration in fir needle reduced total insect attack.     

Host selection of small cedar longicorn beetle, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Callidiellum rufipenne</Emphasis> (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae), on Japanese cedar, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis>, in terms of bark water content of host trees

We caught the adults of a secondary wood-boring insect, Callidiellum rufipenne (Motschulsky), on Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica D. Don., trees and logs with manipulated bark water contents to clarify the mechanism of host selection by C. rufipenne. More C. rufipenne were trapped when the bark water content range was ca. 120–200%. Fewer C. rufipenne were trapped at higher and lower bark water contents. These findings indicate that C. rufipenne adults do not simply select weakened or dying trees. Bark water content is one of important factors for C. rufipenne choosing their host for oviposition.     

树皮人造板及相关建筑材料的制备和应用

介绍了利用木质树皮制备人造板及相关建筑材料的生产工艺技术及其产品的特性,提出了木质树皮板的应用前景。     

Knotwood and bark extracts: strong antioxidants from waste materials

The antioxidant properties of hydrophilic extracts of knotwood of several industrially important tree species were evaluated by lipid-peroxidation inhibition and peroxyl-trapping capacity tests. The results were compared with the antioxidant properties of hydrophilic extracts of bark, and pure lignans and flavonoids isolated from knotwood extracts. The knot extracts from several tree species were stronger antioxidants than the bark extracts, which can, however, also be classified as strong antioxidants. In addition, the antioxidant properties of most of the knotwood extracts are stronger than the pure compounds. It is concluded that knotwood is a rich source of natural antioxidants.