科技是云南草地畜牧业可持续发展的关键因素

针对云南草地资源的现状及面临的问题，进行了草地畜牧业持续发展综合配套技术的研究，试验、示范、推广效果突出、效益明显，从而提出了科技是草地畜牧业可持续发展的基础和关键因素，以及加快科技推广的一系列建议。     

Importance of Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes Produced by Fusarium graminearum during Infection of Wheat Heads

Cytological studies were carried out to elucidate the importance of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDE) during infection of wheat spikes by Fusarium graminearum. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that at 6–24 hours after inoculation (hai) of single spikelets with macroconidia of F. graminearum, the fungus germinated by forming several germ tubes and developed a dense hyphal network in the cavity of the spikelet. At 24–36hai, the fungus formed infection hyphae which invaded the ovary and inner surface of the lemma and palea. Transmission electron microscopical studies revealed that the fungus extended inter- and intracellularly in the ovary, lemma and rachis and caused considerable damage and alterations to the host cell walls. In different tissues of healthy and F. graminearum-infected wheat spikes the cell wall components cellulose, xylan and pectin were localized by means of enzyme-gold and immuno-gold labelling techniques. Localization of cellulose, xylan and pectin showed that host cell walls which were in direct contact with the pathogen surface had reduced gold labelling compared to considerable higher labelling densities of walls distant from the pathogen–host interface or in non-colonized tissues. The reduced gold labelling densities in the infected host cell walls indicate that these polysaccharide degrading enzymes might be important pathogenicity factors of F. graminearum during infection of wheat spikes. The results revealed that, infection and colonization of wheat spikes by F. graminearum and reactions of infected host tissue were similar to those reported for F. culmorum.     

温湿度调控对番茄灰霉病菌产生的细胞壁降解酶的影响

 番茄灰霉病菌在致病过程中能够产生4种细胞壁降解酶,以PMG酶活性最高,其次是β-葡萄糖苷酶和PG酶,Cx最少。灰霉病菌在不同温度下侵染番茄叶片时产生的致病酶活性不同,4种酶在20℃时表现了最高的活性,15℃次之,当温度达到25℃时,各种酶的活性都急剧下降,随着温度的再升高,酶活更低。随着湿度的增高,病菌产生的细胞壁降解酶的活性也增加,当相对湿度达到90%以上时,4种酶的活性也达到最高。温湿度对番茄灰霉病菌产生细胞壁降解酶的影响趋势,与其对发病的影响趋势是一致的。     

MB22木聚糖酶发酵条件的研究

通过因素轮换试验和正交试验,对MB22菌产木聚糖酶的培养基配方和发酵条件进行了研究。结果显示最佳培养基组成是:以玉米芯粉和麸皮为碳源,麸皮120g/l,玉米芯280g/l,(NH4)2SO44g/l,CaCO31.5g/l,Tween80,2.0g/l,MgSO4·7H2O1.5g/l;最佳发酵条件为:起始pH5.0,摇床培养温度30℃,转速160r/min,振荡培养84h。在最佳发酵条件下,MB22菌的最高产酶活力可达898.23U/ml。虽然与一些高产菌株相比该菌株的产酶能力还有待于进一步提高,但该试验结果为进一步进行微生物生产木聚糖酶的研究提供了理论依据。     

角蛋白的微生物降解与利用

本文对角蛋白、角蛋白酶、角蛋白降解菌的研究和应用状况作了系统的综述，现代化的家禽养殖产生大量角蛋白废物（如羽毛和毛发），若加以合理利用，它们是一种新的蛋白质来源。多种角蛋白降解菌和角蛋白酶已被分离并得到深入研究。在强调可持续发展的今天，角蛋白酶的研发和角蛋白废的利用不失为一个经济有效的环保举措。     

木聚糖衍生物及膜材料研究进展

木聚糖作为阔叶木和禾本科植物半纤维素的主要成分,因其来源广、可再生、可降解等特点,近年来成为备受关注的功能天然高分子。木聚糖基膜材料因气体阻隔性能优异、生物相容性好、环境友好等特性,在造纸、食品包装、涂层、生物医药材料领域展现出巨大的应用潜力。但是木聚糖具有水溶性和成膜性较差、膜材料极易吸湿和力学强度低等缺陷,极大地限制了其规模化、商业化应用,因此,如何改善这些缺陷将是木聚糖研究与应用的热点和难点。木聚糖通过化学改性可赋予其刺激响应性、离子性、热塑性等新的特性,增加木聚糖的溶解性、疏水性和改善其可加工性能,是实现木聚糖在功能材料制备与应用的重要途径。笔者总结了近年来木聚糖醚化、酯化、氧化和接枝共聚改性的研究进展,探讨了反应条件对木聚糖衍生物取代度、产率和性能的影响;总结了近年来木聚糖基膜材料的制备策略与应用,如通过内增塑、外增塑、聚合物增强等实现了木聚糖基膜材料的高效制备,并探讨了其在应用过程中的优势及缺陷,为木聚糖今后研究和应用提供新的方法和思路。     

Screening of Feather Degrading Bacteria and Optimization of Fer-mentation Conditions from Poultry

The purpose of this experiment was to isolate and screen the microorganisms from the soil where chicken feathers were piled for a long time and identify them bi...     

禾谷镰刀菌产生的细胞壁降解酶的特性研究

禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium gramimearum<\i>)是引起玉米茎腐病、穗腐病的主要病原菌之一。该病原菌在活体外能产生PG、PMG、PGTE和PMTE四种细胞壁降解酶,这些酶都具有酶的典型性动力学特性。细胞壁降解酶是F.gramimearum<\I>致病的一个重要因子。     

低温秸秆降解菌的研究进展

秸秆原位还田是提高秸秆的综合利用率、培肥改土、提高土壤肥力的有效方法之一,已经成为持续农业和生态农业的重要内容,具有十分重要的作用。但是秸秆进入土壤之后,腐解缓慢,很难得到广泛的推广,因此通过开发秸秆降解菌加快秸秆纤维素的降解速度提高秸秆腐解效率成为秸秆还田技术的关键。本文对低温微生物、低温秸秆降解菌、以及施加菌剂对土壤养分、土壤酶活及微生物多样性的影响的研究现状进行了概述。