表达牛病毒性腹泻病毒E2蛋白的重组乳酸菌的构建及蛋白免疫原性分析

试验旨在构建能表达牛病毒性腹泻病毒（Bovine viral diarrhea virus，BVDV）E2抗原蛋白的重组乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis），为进一步研制BVDV乳酸菌口服活载体疫苗奠定基础。将BVDV E2基因克隆后测序，根据乳酸乳球菌的密码子偏嗜性进行优化，再将优化的基因片段插入表达载体pNZ8148中，并电转化乳酸乳球菌NZ9000感受态细胞，构建重组乳酸菌pNZ8148-E2/NZ9000，经1 ng/mL乳链菌肽诱导表达后，对菌体物进行了SDS-PAGE和Western blotting分析。将重组乳酸菌pNZ8148-E2/NZ9000口服免疫6~12月龄健康犊牛，在免疫后不同时间点采集血液样品并分离血清，用间接ELISA方法检测抗体水平。结果显示，PCR扩增到了1 149 bp的目的片段，乳酸菌密码子偏嗜性优化后，GC含量从45.28%变为34.30%。重组质粒pNZ8148-E2经酶切鉴定插入片段与预期大小相符，在菌体裂解物中出现大小约42 ku的条带，与预期蛋白大小一致，且该蛋白可与BVDV E2抗体反应。在免疫犊牛的血清中检测到特异性抗BVDV E2蛋白的抗体。本研究结果表明，表达BVDV E2蛋白的重组乳酸菌口服免疫可诱导犊牛产生特异性的体液免疫反应，该重组菌具有较好的免疫原性。     

分泌抗BVDV McAb杂交瘤细胞株的建立

用牛病毒性腹泻病毒（ＢＶＤＶ）感染ＭＤＢＫ细胞,将感染细胞培养物冻融后离心取上汪经ＰＥＧ沉淀浓缩抗原免疫ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠,取血清抗体效价高遥免疫鼠的脾细胞与ＳＰ２／Ｏ细胞在ＰＥＧ作用下融合,产生杂交瘤细胞,用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测杂交瘤细胞生长孔上清,筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞株。以有限稀法克隆２－３次,得到８ 泌抗ＢＶＤＶ的单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）杂交瘤细胞株。８株ＭｃＡｂ对ＢＶＤＶ,猪瘟均呈阳性反应。杂交     

Failure to induce mucosal disease in cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus by treatment with adrenocorticotropic hormone

Recent research has shown that cattle that develop mucosal disease (MD) often, if not always, have been persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) since birth. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether MD could be induced by immunosuppression of persistently BVDV-infected cattle. For that purpose, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was injected intramuscularly, twice daily for 5 consecutive days in 4 persistently BVDV-infected cattle and in 3 control cattle. Before the ACTH treatment, the numbers of leukocytes, neutrophils and mononuclear cells (MNC) per litre of blood in BVDV-infected cattle were in the same range as in the controls. Similarly, the proportions of B cells, T cells, monocytes and Fcγ⁺ cells (cells with receptor for the Fc part of IgG) were the same in the 2 groups of animals. On the other hand, the proliferative response to mitogen stimulation of MNC obtained from the control animals was twice as high as the corresponding value of the persistently BVDV-infected cattle.In all animals, ACTH treatment caused increased Cortisol concentrations, leukocytosis, neutrophilia and decreased mitogen-induced lymphocyte stimulation. However, the MNC count and the proportions of B cells, T cells, Fcγ⁺ cells and monocytes remained unaltered. In spite of the immunosuppression, indicated by the decrease in mitogen-induced lymphocyte stimulation. ACTH treatment did not provoke any clinical signs of MD in the persistently BVDV-infected cattle.     

A Universal `One-tube' RT-PCR Protocol for Amplifying Isolates of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus

The increase in the knowledge of the genetic variability of BVDV and the identification of some of the genetic determinants of its pathogenicity require robust and practical tools for rapid molecular characterization of the various genotypes of this virus. This study was undertaken to develop a standard protocol for RT-PCR that allows the amplification of various parts of the genome of BVDV without the need for optimizing each individual reaction. The reaction set-up is very flexible because it consists of two pre-mixes. These are a master mix, with all the required reagents except the desired primers, which are the components of the second pre-mix and are therefore easily interchangeable between the different reactions. After adding any primer-containing pre-mix to the fixed master mix, a non-interrupted cycling protocol led to the generation of amplicons of up to 4 kbp in size in amounts sufficient for subsequent sequencing reactions. The method was applied to five different regions of the BVDV genome: (i) the well-known 5-UTR to differentiate genotypes I and II; (ii) the entire E2 gene, or an approximately 550 bp region within the E2 gene, in order to find the molecular equivalent of antigenic varieties; (iii) the entire structural protein coding region covering the Npro, capsid, E ^RNS, E1 and E2 genes; (iv) a 2.1 kbp region embracing the NS2/3 junction which is known to be cleaved in cytopathic biotypes of BVDV; and (v) the region covering the entire NS4B and NS5A/B genes. All six RT-PCRs were successfully applied using (i) primers with lengths of between 20 and 52 nucleotides, (ii) an aliquot of RNA extracted from either 10⁶ infected bovine embryonal lung cells or the same number of leukocytes from viraemic cattle, and (iii) all the genotype I and II strains of BVDV tested. The technique described was used to generate various Sindbis virus/BVDV recombinants. The correct processing of the amplicon-derived E2 glycoprotein of BVDV strain PT810 was demonstrated by its reaction with a monoclonal antibody in an immunofluorescence assay. Given the variety of RT-PCRs tested, we conclude that this universal protocol may be useful with other RNA viruses.     

Nucleotide sequence homology to bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (BVDV 2) in the 5′ untranslated region of BVDVs from cattle with mucosal disease or persistent infection in Japan

Cytopathogenic and non-cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDVs) were isolated from cattle with mucosal disease or persistent infection in Japan. These isolates were compared for antigenic properties by cross-neutralization tests with Japanese reference strains of BVDV belonging to classical type 1. Significantly low cross-reactivity to reference strains was noted, indicating the viruses to possibly represent a new serotype in Japan. Thus, to determine the genotype of the isolates, nucleotide sequences of the 5′ untranslated region were determined and compared with those of previously reported BVDV 1 and 2. The isolates were clearly shown to belong to BVDV 2, not to BVDV 1.     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒E0-E2基因融合腺病毒的构建及小鼠免疫效果评价

【目的】 研究牛病毒性腹泻病毒（Bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV）E0和E2串联基因重组腺病毒作为基因工程疫苗的应用潜力。【方法】 采用PCR扩增、E0-E2基因融合并构建重组穿梭质粒pDC316-E0-E2,将其与AdMax腺病毒系统的骨架质粒共转染HEK293T细胞包装成重组腺病毒,通过Western blotting进行验证,并通过Reed-Muench法测定病毒滴度,通过肌内、皮下免疫接种小鼠后用ELISA方法及流式细胞检测进行免疫效果试验。【结果】 成功扩增到E0、E2基因目的片段,大小分别为681和1 122 bp,得到了完整的腺病毒Ad5-E0-E2;测定其滴度为1.1×10¹⁰ PFU/mL;Western blotting检测结果显示,Ad5-E0-E2外源基因在HEK293T细胞中表达,得到了与预期相符的目的条带（65 ku）;ELISA检测结果表明,通过肌内和皮下注射Ad5-E0-E2均能产生较高的抗体水平;流式细胞检测显示首免、二免后肌内和皮下注射Ad5-E0-E2组CD4^＋、CD4^＋/CD8^＋比值均极显著高于PBS对照组（P<0.01）。【结论】 本试验成功构建重组腺病毒Ad5-E0-E2,且具有较好的反应原性和免疫原性,能诱导机体产生针对BVDV的特异性抗体。     

鹿角盘多糖抗病毒的研究

[目的]研究鹿角盘多糖的抗BVDV作用,为鹿角盘多糖在开发新型抗病毒药品方面提供参考。[方法]采用中性红染料法,测定了鹿角盘多糖对MDBK细胞的最大安全浓度。[结果]鹿角盘多糖对MDBK细胞无损伤的最大安全浓度是39μg/ml,在2～39μg/ml范围内鹿角盘多糖抗BVDV效果显著。[结论]鹿角盘多糖具有显著抗BVDV病毒作用,且有一定的量效关系,在安全浓度范围内,随浓度的提高鹿角盘多糖抗病毒的作用增强。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒牦牛分离株E0基因的克隆表达

将青海牦牛牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)青海泽库(QHZK)株的E0基因亚克隆入原核表达载体pET-32(a),构建了重组表达载体pET-32(a)-E0,然后用重组质粒转化Rosetta(DE3)感受态细胞,并利用IPTG诱导蛋白表达。表达的蛋白用His-Band镍柱进行亲合层析纯化,Western blot鉴定表达蛋白。结果显示,E0基因可在大肠埃希菌中获得表达,表达产物的分子质量约为44ku,与预期的蛋白分子质量大小一致;Western blot分析表明,该蛋白可以与BVDV标准阳性血清产生特异性结合反应。     

BVDV对后备牛生长发育状况及繁殖性能的影响

牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病(BVD/MD)是一种严重危害奶牛健康的病毒性传染病,其病原为牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)。BVDV感染牛后主要表现两种状态,即一过性感染(TI)和持续性感染(PI)。BVD在牛场的流行,可严重影响奶牛的生产性能、繁殖性能及牛群健康状况,对奶牛的影响可表现为流产、胎儿畸形、腹泻和免疫抑制等。怀孕母牛在特定妊娠阶段感染BVDV后,可娩出PI犊牛,部分PI犊牛能像正常犊牛一样生长发育至成年,但其生长发育状况和繁殖性能较同龄健康牛差异十分明显。为评价BVDV对后备牛生长发育及繁殖状况的影响,笔者采用ELISA方法检出北京地区28个规模化奶牛场141头BVDV-PI牛,并与同龄健康牛生长发育及繁殖数据相比较,结果表明,BVDV-PI后备牛各月龄段的体高、体重均低于健康后备牛,其首次输精日龄、配准日龄、耗精量明显高于健康后备牛,而一次情期受胎率显著低于健康后备牛。数据显示,BVDV严重影响后备牛的生长发育及繁殖状况。