Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in honeybee (Apis mellifera) therapy,to control Nosema ceranae invasions in apiary conditions

Nosema ceranae can cause major problems, such as immune suppression, gut epithelial cell degeneration, reduced honeybee lifespan, or suddenly colony collapse. As a novel approach in therapy, we hypothesize the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in honeybee therapy, to control N. ceranae invasions in apiary conditions: BPC 157 treated sugar syrup (0.25 L sugar syrup supplemented with 0.1 μg/ml BPC 157), as well as the pure sugar syrup (0.25 L sugar syrup; control), was administered to honeybee colonies in feeders situated under the roof of the hives, during 21 consecutive days, at the end of beekeeping season. The strength of honeybee colonies was increased 20 and 30 days after initial feeding with BPC 157 supplement (Day 1, 36.100 ± 698; Day 20, 64.860 ± 468; Day 30, 53.214 ± 312 estimated number of honeybees), in field conditions. The similar successful outcome occurs with the N. ceranae spore loads counted in the homogenates of sampled adult honeybees (Day 1, 6.286 ± 2.336; Day 20, 3.753 ± 1.835; Day 30, 2.005 ± 1.534 million spores/bee). Accordingly, with the noted increased strength of the colonies fed with sugar syrup supplemented with BPC 157, the number of N. ceranae spores per honeybee gradually decreased as well. Besides, honeybees infected with N. ceranae fed with sugar syrup exhibited severe damage of midgut wall layers and epithelial cells. By contrast, in honeybees infected with N. ceranae fed with sugar syrup supplemented with BPC 157, all damages were markedly attenuated, damages of the outer muscular coat, in particular. In conclusion, the results of the first field trial on diseased honeybee colonies with BPC 157 indicate significant therapeutic effects with the used oral therapy with BPC 157 supplementation.     

温度对竹塑复合材料尺寸稳定性的影响

讨论了用竹纤维与回收高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)为原料生产的竹塑复合材料在不同温度下的尺寸稳定性。结果表明:在52℃和65℃的温度条件下,竹塑的线膨胀率是厚度方向>宽度方向>长度方向;温度对杂竹/回收PE尺寸稳定性的影响大于对楠竹/回收PE的影响。在-29℃和-40℃的负温度条件下,温度的降低影响竹塑材料的收缩率,其规律是厚度收缩率>宽度收缩率>长度收缩率。在相同条件下,杂竹/回收PE材料受温度的影响较大,而楠竹/回收PE尺寸收缩率较小。     

转基因抗虫水稻‘HD2’不同生长发育阶段cry2A*基因表达量

本研究旨在探究转cry2A*基因抗虫水稻‘HD2-1’等独立系在田间生长发育过程中cry2A*基因表达量及糙米Bt蛋白含量(BPC)。利用qRT-PCR方法和酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测水稻‘HD2-1’等独立系田间不同生长发育阶段组织器官及糙米的cry2A*基因表达量。结果显示,不同水稻独立系cry2A*基因表达量及糙米BPC明显不同,叶片、茎鞘及幼穗cry2A*基因表达量在不同生长发育阶段间往往呈正相关,cry2A*基因mRNA表达量和对应的BPC呈极显著的正相关,糙米BPC和各生长发育阶段各器官cry2A*基因表达量存在正相关趋势。水稻‘HD2’cry2A*基因表达量不同生长发育阶段间及其和糙米BPC间呈正相关。cry2A*基因转录表达越高,BPC越高。     

APP-PER-MEL阻燃剂对竹粉/PP复合材料性能的影响

采用硅烷包覆型聚磷酸铵(APP)作为阻燃剂,对竹粉/聚丙烯（PP）复合材料进行阻燃改性,研究APP的用量对复合材料阻燃性能和力学性能的影响;基于APP的最佳用量,以APP、季戊四醇（PER）和三聚氰胺（MEL）作为膨胀型阻燃剂（IFR）,研究APP、PER和MEL的互配比例对复合材料阻燃和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着APP用量的增加,复合材料的阻燃性能不断增强,但弯曲和拉伸强度下降。当APP用量为复合材料总质量的15%时,其综合性能较佳,与未阻燃复合材料相比,极限氧指数（LOI）由17.1%提高至21.5%,弯曲模量和缺口冲击强度（NIS）分别增强14.8%和32.2%,弯曲强度和拉伸强度分别降低9.3%和28.8%。当APP、PER和MEL的互配比例为3∶1∶1时,添加15% IFR的复合材料的力学性能总体增强,与未阻燃复合材料相比,弯曲强度、弯曲模量和NIS分别增强18.1%、20.0%和23.3%,仅拉伸强度降低10%。锥形量热仪和极限氧指数仪结果显示,IFR阻燃复合材料的热释放速率、热释放速率峰值和总热释放量分别降低56.7%、40.2%和30.5%;LOI提高至25.9%,复合材料的阻燃性能进一步改善,但是,总产烟量增大了16.7%,该IFR的添加对复合材料的持久抑烟效果不佳。     

新型竹纤维复合材料的研发

以备受关注的竹纤维及其新型复合材料为主线,从单根竹纤维到竹束纤维的制备、形貌和性能分析等方面简述了竹材的特性;在此基础上,以芯壳结构竹塑复合材料、竹束单板层积材、竹复合压力管为典型代表,从材料学和工艺学角度对其加工工艺、界面改性、结构设计、物理力学性能,以及中试应用情况进行了阐述与分析。最后从竹纤维的生长性状与物理力学性能关系、大尺寸竹质工程材料及构件开发、竹束单板类集装箱房屋组装技术、异型结构竹纤维复合材料的研发等方面,提出了竹纤维复合材料的未来重点发展方向。