鸟声研究进展

生物声学是动物行为学与声学之间的交叉学科,由于多学科的相互渗透、相互交流和相互促进,生物声学进入了崭新的阶段,并成为生命科学的热门领域。鸟声研究则是生物声学研究中最为活跃的领域之一。简述了鸟声研究的发展过程、研究方法、研究的领域及其应用。随着科学技术的发展,鸟鸣声的记录和分析手段不断提高,所用录音设备和分析软件更加简便实用;研究内容已经从鸟鸣声的记录渗透到行为学、解剖学、物理声学、神经生理学和系统分类学等领域;将鸟鸣声应用于野生动物监测、农林渔业驱赶害鸟、航空鸟撞以及旅游等方面有十分广阔的前景。分析了中国鸟声研究的动向。参54     

薤山自然保护区鸟类资源调查

通过野外观察、收集历史资料、座谈访问等方法,初步确定薤山自然保护区鸟类125种,隶属于11目,33科;薤山鸟类地理型:留鸟64种,夏候鸟32种,冬候鸟17种,旅鸟种12;薤山鸟类季节型:古北种45种,东洋种55种,广布种25种;观赏鸟类34种,食虫鸟类65种,食鼠鸟类23种;国际贸易公约的鸟类31种,被列入该公约附录Ⅰ的有1种,被列入该公约附录Ⅱ的有28种,被列入该公约附录Ⅲ的有2种;国家Ⅰ级野生保护鸟类2种,国家Ⅱ级野生保护鸟类34。     

Cryptic genetic diversity in “widespread” Southeast Asian bird species suggests that Philippine avian endemism is gravely underestimated

Mistakenly classifying morphologically cryptic endemic species as populations of widespread species potentially interferes with the conservation of biodiversity because undetected endemics that are imperilled may lack appropriate protection. It also impedes the reconstruction of the evolutionary history of a taxon by obscuring the number and distributional limits of species. Here, we present genetic and phylogenetic evidence corroborated by morphology that Philippine populations of seven widespread, non-migratory passerine birds might represent unrecognized, distinct species. An extrapolation based on this finding suggests that the proportion of endemic bird species in the Philippines could be much higher than currently estimated. This high degree of cryptic diversity in a well-studied, volant taxon implies that large numbers of unrecognized species can be expected in less thoroughly studied groups. We predict that genetic investigations of insular populations of widespread species will frequently reveal unrecognized island endemics, and because of the vulnerability of island habitats and their biota, these taxa may be particularly susceptible to extinction.     

永康市鸟类区系研究

永康市共有鸟类１５６种，隶属１６目４０科。繁殖鸟（留鸟和夏候鸟）有１０１种，占鸟类总数的６４．７４％。其中东洋界鸟类占８３．１７％，古北界鸟类占１１．８８％。该区鸟类区系组成与华南区更为相似。文中对鸟类标本进行了测量和描述。     

进化水平不同的动物和人血清乳酸脱氢酶同工酶电泳图谱的比较研究

应用聚丙烯酸胺垂直板梯度凝胶电泳分析了进化水平不同的17种动物和人血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶.17种动物是鲤鱼、中华大蟾蜍、蝮蛇、罗斯蛋鸡、山鸡、紫貂、银狐、貉、梅花鹿、马鹿、黑白花奶牛、新疆细毛绵羊、猪、马、大耳白兔、昆明小鼠和猴.在同一凝胶板、同一条件下,对这些动物和人血清LDH同工酶谱分析表明,LDH同工酶谱在各类动物之间存在明显差异.进化比较低级的动物(杂交鲤鱼除外),血清LDH同工酶谱带迁移率较小,接近阴极;反之,进化比较高级的动物,同工酶谱带迁移率较大,接近阳极.亲缘关系相近的动物,LDH同工酶谱相似.表明LDH同工酶谱带的差异与动物间的亲缘关系有关.同种不同个体的动物LDH同工酶谱差异不明显,只有杂交鲤鱼个体LDH同工酶谱存在明显差异.     

Foraging by burrowing parrots has little impact on agricultural crops in northeastern Patagonia,Argentina

Conflicts between wildlife and agriculture have increased as cultivation has expanded into previously unexploited areas. As frequent consumers of such crops, parrots (Psittaciformes) are often persecuted, despite the lack of measured economic impacts they may cause. This situation has compromised attempts to manage potential damage and endangered parrot populations. Here, we evaluate and measure actual crop damage and characterize the foraging areas used by the burrowing parrot (Cyanoliseus patagonus) in northeastern Patagonia, Argentina. We found that damage to field crops was economically insignificant, affecting 0.1%–0.4% of the sunflower harvest, with no damage detected in other more important crops in the region. The parrots mainly consumed grain left or spilled after harvesting, and unharvested grain from cultivated pastures and road margins. This grain represents a loss attributable to harvest machines, being independent from the presence of parrots. Given the negligible damage measured here, we conclude that there is no need for management of parrots as crop pests in northeastern Patagonia. Our study provides further support to the view that parrot damage has been often exaggerated and overstated.     

Checklist of vertebrate damage to agriculture in Israel,updated for 1993–2001

The checklist of vertebrate pest species responsible for economic damage to agriculture production in Israel, which was first published in 1993, has been updated for 1993–2001. During this period new crop types have been damaged by these pests, and they have been added to the checklist. Four new bird pest species were also added:Carduelis chloris, Anas platyrhinchos, Larus ridibundus andPelecanus onocrotalus. Thus the number of economically significant vertebrate species is now 65 (27 mammalian, 36 avian and two reptilian species). Cases of depredation in forestry and pasture, which were not included in the former list, were also added. The significance of the compiled data in assisting with farm management decision is also discussed. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Jan. 29, 2003.     

浙江省鸟类新记录

2002年6月12日在浙江杭州市萧山区采到小鸦鹃Centropus toulou bengalensis雄性亚成鸟标本，为浙江省鸟类新记录。参6     

闽江河口湿地鸟类监测研究初报

自2003年1月—2004年4月,对福建闽江河口湿地的鸟类及生境进行监测,调查共发现鸟类12目26科80种和亚种,其中水禽8目12科54种和亚种。该湿地鸟类主要以越冬和迁徙停歇鸟类为主,越冬水禽约2万只,主要是雁鸭类、鹬类、鹭类和鸥类。最多录得黑脸琵鹭(Plataleaminor)15只,卷羽鹈鹕(Pelecanusphilippensisccrispus)29只,鸿雁(Ansercygnoides)1000多只。发现福建鸟类新记录白领翡翠(Halcyonchlorisarmstrongi)和黄脚银鸥(Laruscachinnans)。     

涪陵区夏季鸟类多样性

于2006—2008年采用样线法对涪陵区夏季鸟类进行了调查。按照生境特征将调查地划分为水域、次生林、居民点、农田4种鸟类群落。结果表明,共记录到鸟类61种,重要值高的鸟类(200≤重要值≤300)4种,广布型鸟类18种。次生林鸟类群落的物种数最高,而农田鸟类群落的Shannon-Wiener指数最高;农田、次生林—居民点、水域—农田鸟类群落的均匀性指数(Pielou指数)、Jaccard相似性指数、Pearson相关系数分别最高。食物是影响鸟类分布的重要因子。对涪陵区夏季鸟类资源及区域生态保护提出了建议。