中国储木及建筑木材腐朽菌( Ⅱ)

根据资料综合报道165种储木及建筑木材上的腐朽菌,其中担子菌133种,子囊菌32种;引起褐色腐朽的有28种,白色腐朽137种。详细记载了每种真菌的腐朽类型、寄主和生长环境、地理分布。生长在原(储)木上的腐朽菌有三色拟迷孔菌、红缘拟层孔菌、毛盖采孔菌等8种;生长在枕木上的有褐褶菌Gloeophyllum spp.、囊孔菌Hirschioporus spp.、栓菌Trametes spp.、炭团菌Hypoxylon spp.等43种;生长在干燥环境下火烧木材上的有炭生褐褶菌、黑轮层炭壳等5种,潮湿环境下的有12种,其中裂褶菌、皱褶栓菌、黑轮层炭壳等能生长在栽培菇类的木段上,成为污染杂菌;生长在建筑木材上有5种,如皱褶栓菌、冷杉附毛菌、伏果圆炷菌(干朽菌,泪菌)等,其中伏果圆炷菌能生于各种木质物和建筑木材上,是危害最大的腐朽菌之一。     

辽宁省农田作物根围的真菌(I)

报道了分离自辽宁省12市县农田作物根围真菌中的7属9种 :小克银汉霉属(Cunninghamella)1种 ,班尼小克银汉霉(CunninghamellabainieriNaumov) ;毛霉属(Mucor)1种 ,冻土毛霉冻土变种(MucorhiemalisWehmerf.hiemalis) ;毛壳菌属(Chaetomium)2种:球毛壳(ChaetomiumglobosumKunze &Steud.) ;橄榄色毛壳(ChaetomiumolivaceumCooke &Ellis) ;光黑壳属(Preussia)2种:竞争光黑壳(Preussiaaemulans(Rehm)V.Arx) ,香蒲光黑壳(PreussiatypharumCain) ;假裸囊菌属(Pscudogymnoascus)1种,玫红假裸囊菌(PseudogymnoascusroseusRaillo) ;篮状菌属(Talaromyces)1种,黄色篮状菌(Talaromycesflavus(Klcker)Stolk &Samson) ;韦斯特壳属(Westerdykella)1种:散布韦斯特壳(Westerdykelladispersa(Clum)Cejp &Milko) ;其中班尼小克银汉霉、竞争光黑壳、香蒲光黑壳、黄色篮状菌和散布韦斯特壳是中国的5个新记录种     

Genetic evidence for natural hybridization between the Dutch elm disease pathogens Ophiostoma novo-ulmi ssp. novo-ulmi and O. novo-ulmi ssp. americana

The Dutch elm disease pathogen Ophiostoma novo-ulmi is separated into subspecies novo-ulmi , formerly known as the Eurasian (EAN) race, and subspecies americana , formerly known as the North American (NAN) race. Both subspecies occur in Europe, and hybrids between them are suspected to have emerged in parts of Europe where their ranges overlap. Authenticated isolates of both subspecies were examined in order to determine whether fixed mutations occur in the cerato-ulmin ( cu ) and in the colony type gene ( col1 ). One and six mutations were detected between subspp. novo-ulmi and americana in cu and col1 , respectively. The mutation in cu and one mutation in col1 proved to be located within restriction sites, and were used for PCR-RFLP. This method provides a quick and reliable diagnostic method to differentiate the two subspecies. Seven isolates of O. novo-ulmi from Austria were suspected to be hybrids between subspp. novo-ulmi and americana , and were tested by PCR-RFLP of their cu and col1 genes. Two of the suspected hybrids from Austria (isolates AT73 and AT146) had the cu PCR-RFLP profile of ssp. americana and the col1 PCR-RFLP profile of ssp. novo-ulmi . Furthermore, a ssp. novo-ulmi tester isolate from Poland (P150) showed a similar hybrid pattern. This is the first evidence revealing recombination between two genes and thus hybridization between the two subspecies of O. novo-ulmi in nature.     

不同生境下野生铁皮石斛内生真菌多样性的初步研究

采集湖南省新宁县崀山世界自然遗产风景名胜区和广西省乐业县雅长兰科植物自然保护区这两个生境中处于生长期的铁皮石斛（Dendrobium of ficinale）的营养根,并进行分离培养。通过对分离所得的41个菌株进行形态观察和ITS序列测定相结合的鉴定,共获得内生真菌34种。对担子菌和子囊菌分别进行了系统发育树构建结果显示,子囊菌为优势种类（31种）,以炭角菌目（Xylariales）和肉座菌目（Hypocreales）的种类为主,担子菌则以胶膜菌科（Tulasnellaceae）为主。Simpson多样性指数分析结果表明,不同生境下野生铁皮石斛内生真菌的多样性都很高,且雅长的高于崀山的。     

野生兰属植物根部内生真菌多样性初步研究

采集生长在我国广西、贵州、云南的密林、开阔地两种生境的9种兰属植物,对其根部的内生真菌进行分离,经过形态观察和ITS序列测定相结合的鉴定。结果表明,分离得到的99个菌株隶属于29个菌属。对子囊菌和担子菌分别进行的系统发育树构建结果显示,子囊菌为优势菌种,其中镰刀菌属（Fusarium,22.20%）,炭角菌属（Xylaria,6.06%）和木霉属（Trichoderma,5.05%）为优势菌属。物种丰富度和Simpson多样性指数（D）分析结果表明,密林生境的兰属植物的菌根真菌多样性高于开阔生境。     

Comparative analysis of protein kinases and associated domains between Ascomycota and Basidiomycota

Protein kinases play an important role in every aspect of cellular life. In this study, we systemically identified protein kinases from the predicted proteomes of 59 representative fungi from Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Comparative analysis revealed that fungi from Ascomycota and Basidiomycota differed in the number and variety of protein kinases. Some groups of protein kinases, such as calmodulin/calcium regulated kinases (CMGC) and those with the highest group percentages are the most prevalent protein kinases among all fungal species tested. In contrast, the STE group (homologs of the yeast STE7, STE11 and STE20 genes), was more abundant in Basidiomycetes than in Ascomycetes. Importantly, the distribution of some protein kinase families appeared to be subphylum-specific. The tyrosine kinase-like (TKL) group had a higher protein kinase density in Agaricomycotina fungi. In addition, the distribution of accessory domains, which could have functional implications, demonstrated that usage bias varied between the two phyla. Principal component analysis revealed a divergence between the main functional domains and associated domains in fungi. This study provides novel insights into the variety and expansion of fungal protein kinases between Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.     

扶桑绵粉蚧虫生真菌的分离及分子鉴定

[目的]探索病原真菌防治扶桑绵粉蚧的可行性,[方法]分离培养并鉴定了扶桑绵粉蚧的5种虫生真菌,分析了粉蚧感染真菌的状况,基于26S rRNA构建了系统进化树。[结果]一种子囊菌(Ascomycota.sp)在扶桑绵粉蚧中的侵染率最高,达66.7%。粉蚧趋于感染多种真菌。系统进化分析表明,分离培养出的5种真菌中,4种隶属于子囊菌门(Ascomycota),而另一种为担子菌门(Basidiomycota)真菌。     

新疆大型真菌新分布

报道采自新疆托峰自然保护区和乌鲁木齐南山的新疆新记录真菌29种,隶属于子囊菌门和担子菌门的22属1 7科。凭证标本存放在吉林农业大学菌物标本馆。     

采自西藏墨脱的炭团菌科真菌新记录种

报道了采自西藏自治区林芝市墨脱县炭团菌科（Hypoxylaceae）3个中国新记录种和7个西藏新记录种。3个中国新记录种为：瘦弱环纹炭团菌（Annulohypoxylon leptascum）、竹生轮层炭壳菌（Daldinia bambusicola）和拟勒农炭团菌（Hypoxylon sublenormandii）；7个西藏新记录种为：博韦环纹炭团菌（A. bovei）、启迪轮层炭壳菌（D. childiae）、豪伊炭团菌（H. howeanum）、坚硬炭团菌（H. investiens）、穿孔炭团菌（H. perforatum）、热带炭团菌（H. trugodes）和多形罗杰斯环纹炭团菌（Jackrogersella multiformis），并对它们的宏观和微观特征进行描述及图示。