异戊烯基转移酶基因导入番茄及转基因植株再生

通过根癌农杆菌（Ａgrobacteriens）介导,利用特异启动子Ｐsag12与异戊烯基转移酶（Ｉsopenyl transferase,ipt）基因构建的嵌合基因Ｐsag12－ipt对５个番茄品种进行遗传转化,结果共获得来自３１个不同外植体的４４株转化再生植株。感染子叶的分化再生及转化植株田间生长正常。对其中部分转化再生植株进行ＰＣＲ检测证明为转基因植株,并且在田间表现出生长旺盛及抗叶片衰老的特性。     

BPA不影响卵母细胞减数分裂相关基因Dazl的甲基化

为了探讨环境雌激素BPA对小鼠卵母细胞减数分裂相关基因Dazl甲基化的影响,本研究通过给孕鼠饮用含有BPA的水方式使胎鼠在发育过程中接触BPA,利用重亚硫酸盐测序法,分析了胎鼠生殖嵴卵母细胞不同发育时期Dazl甲基化水平的变化。结果显示:Dazl在减数分裂期间处于低甲基化水平,无论对照组或处理组均低于10%,说明Dazl的低甲基化对维持减数分裂的正常进行有重要作用;对照组与处理组的甲基化水平相当,差异不显著,说明本研究的BPA浓度不影响卵母细胞Dazl的甲基化水平。     

Genetic potential for residual feed intake and diet fed during early- to mid-gestation influences post-natal DNA methylation of imprinted genes in muscle and liver tissues in beef cattle

Discovery of epigenetic modifications associated with feed efficiency or other economically important traits would increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these traits. In combination with known genetic markers, this would provide opportunity to improve genomic selection accuracy in cattle breeding programs. It would also allow cattle to be managed to improve favorable gene expression. The objective of this study was to identify variation in DNA methylation between beef cattle of differential pre-natal nutrition and divergent genetic potential for residual feed intake (RFI). Purebred Angus offspring with the genetic potential for either high (HRFI) or low (LRFI) RFI were prenatally exposed to either a restricted maternal diet of 0.5 kg/d average daily gain (ADG) or a moderate maternal diet of 0.7 kg/d ADG from 30 to 150 d of gestation. We performed DNA methylation analysis of differentially methylated regions (DMR) of imprinted genes (Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) DMR2, IGF2/H19 imprinting control region (ICR) and IGF2 receptor (IGF2R) DMR2) using post-natal samples of longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle taken from male and female calves at birth and weaning, and of LD muscle, semimembranosus (SM) muscle, and liver samples collected from steers at slaughter (17 months of age). Interestingly, for all three DMR investigated in liver, LRFI steers had higher levels of methylation than HRFI steers. In LD muscle, IGF2/H19 ICR methylation differences for heifers at birth were due to pre-natal diet, while for steers at birth they were mostly the result of genetic potential for RFI with LRFI steers again having higher levels of methylation than HRFI steers. While results from repeated measures analysis of DNA methylation in steers grouped by RFI revealed few differences, in steers grouped by diet, we found higher methylation levels of IGF2 DMR2 and IGF2R DMR2 in LD muscle of restricted diet steers at weaning and slaughter than at birth, as well as increased methylation in LD muscle of restricted diet steers compared with moderate diet steers at weaning and/or slaughter. Our results suggest that differential pre-natal nutrition, and divergent genetic potential for RFI, induces tissue- and sex-specific alterations in post-natal IGF2 and IGF2R methylation patterns and that these patterns can vary with age in Angus beef cattle.     

番茄中乙烯利残留量测定的新方法

番茄自身也可以产生乙烯利,以常规顶空色谱法测定的乙烯含量值较高.采用重氮甲烷衍生法气相色谱仪可以准确测定番茄中乙烯残留量.结果表明,该方法平均回收率为77.6%~89.8%,变异系数为2.8%~7.5%,乙烯利的最小检出浓度为0.01 mg.kg-1.该方法较常规测定方法精确度明显提高,且灵敏度提高10倍.     

栉孔扇贝、虾夷扇贝及其杂交子代的MSAP分析

运用甲基化敏感扩增多态性(methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism,MSAP)技术对栉孔扇贝(♀)、虾夷扇贝(♂)及其杂交子一代、子二代基因组DNA胞嘧啶甲基化水平进行了研究,并分析了DNA甲基化与各性状的相关性及其与杂种优势的关系。结果表明,(1)DNA甲基化率与壳宽、总重等表型值呈正相关的关系,而与壳长、壳高、软体重和闭壳肌重4个性状表型值呈负相关的关系,其中闭壳肌重与甲基化率的相关性达到极显著水平(P<0.01);(2)虾夷扇贝、栉孔扇贝、F1代、F2代的总甲基化率分别为32.79%、24.13%、19.98%、20.18%,杂交种F1代的甲基化水平低于双亲,是两种扇贝杂交的结果;F1代的甲基化模式经过了重新调整,其变化相对其亲本主要有4种类型:甲基化水平相同、去甲基化、超甲基化、次甲基化,且去甲基化位点多于超甲基化位点。结果证实杂种优势的产生与杂交种F1代基因组DNA甲基化模式的改变和重新调整有关,丰富了杂种优势机理研究内容。     

砷对水稻生长发育的影响及其原因

低浓度的砷对水稻生长发育有刺激作用,砷浓度较高时则会对水稻产生严重的毒害作用。砷的毒害作用不仅有十分明显的外观症状,而且还会使水稻的生长发育推迟。刺激作用的机理可能与砷合理地抑制植物呼吸、减少光合产物的无益消耗有关。砷的毒害作用所造成的水稻籽粒减产,是由于穗粒数、结实率、有效穗、千粒重四个产量构成因素受砷的毒害作用共同影响的结果。刚进入土壤系统时,As（Ⅲ）的毒性比As（Ⅴ）大;但随着时间的推移,它们在对土壤和植物系统的影响方面的差异会不断缩小。     

大豆对大豆胞囊线虫侵染的应答机制研究

大豆胞囊线虫病(Heterodera glycines,soybean cyst nematode,SCN)是大豆生产上的重要病害,其特点为危害重、分布广、难防治,每年对大豆生产造成极大的损失。种植大豆抗性新品种是防治SCN目前最为有效的措施,研究大豆对SCN侵染的应答机制,是培育大豆持久抗病品种的前提,对加快抗线虫品种选育及SCN的防控具有重要的意义。本文综述了大豆对SCN侵染的组织细胞学应答机制;介绍了大豆在SCN侵染后酶系变化及酚类代谢的生理生化应答机制;从分子水平阐明了SCN侵染后大豆的基因转录变化,差异蛋白及DNA甲基化的应答机制,以期为大豆胞囊线虫病害的进一步研究与防治提供参考。     

表观遗传学的分子机制及其研究进展

表观遗传学(epigenetics)是指不涉及DNA序列改变、可以通过有丝分裂和减数分裂进行遗传的基因表达变化的遗传学分支领域。目前研究主要集中在DNA甲基化、组蛋白密码、染色质重塑和非编码RNA调控等方面。副突变、亲代基因印记、性别相关性基因剂量补偿效应和转基因沉默等都是典型的表观遗传现象。相关研究有利于揭示生物生长发育、多倍体植物基因组进化、杂种优势以及人类疾病等许多生命现象的本质。     

亚砷酸对人胰腺癌PANC-1细胞增殖及RASSFIA基因甲基化的影响

目的探讨亚砷酸对人胰腺癌PANC-1细胞增殖及RAS相关结构域家族基因1A（RASSHA）甲基化的影响。方法PANC-1细胞用不同浓度亚砷酸处理,采用MTT法检测细胞增殖,甲基化特异性PCR（MSV）法检测RASSFlA基因甲基化情况。结果随着亚砷酸浓度增加（1．2～4．8μmol／L）和作用时间延长,PANC-1细胞抑制率逐渐增加（P〈0．05）。PANC－1细胞中RASSFlA基因表现为高甲基化状态,但其甲基化随亚砷酸浓度增加而逐渐减弱。结论亚砷酸对PANC－1细胞增殖的抑制作用具有时间和剂量依赖性,并通过RASSFlA基因的去甲基化起作用。