黑果腺肋花楸不同树形与主枝数对产量的影响

该文通过抽样调查和统计分析,充分论证了黑果腺肋花楸采用丛状树形明显优于疏散分层形和扇形,当主枝数达19～22条时单位面积产量最高。     

基质对黑果腺肋花楸幼苗生长的影响

以黑果腺肋花楸(Aronia melanocarpa)为试验材料,选用田园土、泥炭土、珍珠岩和黄沙,采用正交试验设计,研究不同基质配比对黑果腺肋花楸成苗率以及幼苗形态指标和生理指标的影响。结果表明,不同育苗基质对黑果腺肋花楸出苗率、苗高、地径、主根长、侧根数和高径比等形态指标以及根系活力、可溶性糖、淀粉和蛋白质等生理指标的影响差异显著,综合分析各项指标,筛选出适合黑果腺肋花楸容器育苗的栽培基质为田园土(40%)+泥炭土(30%)+黄沙(30%)、田园土(40%)+珍珠岩(30%)+黄沙(30%)、田园土(40%)+泥炭土(30%)+珍珠岩(30%)和田园土(60%)+泥炭土(20%)+黄沙(20%)。     

Effects of the commercial extract of aronia on oxidative stress in blood platelets isolated from breast cancer patients after the surgery and various phases of the chemotherapy

Since the extract from berries of Aronia melanocarpa presents antioxidative properties in plasma and in blood platelets, not only from healthy group, but also from patients with benign breast diseases and in patients with invasive breast cancer before surgery, the aim of our present study was to evaluate the oxidative stress by measuring the level of various biomarkers of this process such as the generation of superoxide anion radicals (O(2)(-·)), the amount of carbonyl groups and 3-nitrotyrosine in proteins or the amount of glutathione in blood platelets isolated from breast cancer patients after the surgery and after various phases of the chemotherapy in the presence of A. melanocarpa extract (Aronox) in vitro. We demonstrated in platelet proteins from patients with invasive breast cancer (after the surgery and after various phases of the chemotherapy) higher level of carbonyl groups than in control healthy group. The level of 3-nitrotyrosine in platelet proteins from patients with invasive breast cancer was also significantly higher than in healthy subject group. We observed an increase of other biomarkers of oxidative stress such as O(2)(-·) and a decrease of GSH in platelets from patients with breast cancer (after the surgery and after various phases of the chemotherapy) compared to the healthy group. In model system in vitro our results showed that the commercial extract from berries of A. melanocarpa due to antioxidant action, significantly reduced the oxidative/nitrative stress in platelets from patients with invasive breast cancer caused by the surgery and various phases of the chemotherapy.     

樱梅嫩枝扦插育苗技术

总结了樱梅嫩枝扦插育苗技术,包括圃地选择、设施建设、插条采集与处理、扦插、肥水运筹、温湿度与通风管理、病虫害防治、扦插苗炼苗与越冬等内容,以期对樱梅的栽培提供技术参考。     

酸浆宿萼与黑果腺肋花楸复合功能饮料的研制

以黑果腺肋花楸和酸浆宿萼为原料,通过单因素试验、正交试验和建立响应面模型等方法优化复合饮料的制备工艺,并对产品的稳定性、感官品质、功能性质与货架期进行了检验。结果表明:宿萼浸提液最佳苦味掩盖剂为质量比为1∶2的纽甜与果葡糖浆,添加量为30 mg/mL;稳定剂最佳比例为β-环状糊精0.17%,卡拉胶0.13%,羧甲基纤维素钠0.13%;复合饮料的最佳工艺参数为:黑果腺肋花楸汁与酸浆宿萼浸提液体积比为8.2∶1,白砂糖添加量14.2%,柠檬酸添加量0.06%,在此条件下制备的饮料感官评分为85.23±0.58分,其整体呈现紫红色,果香味浓郁,入口后酸甜适中,口感绵软细腻。     

土壤逐渐干旱及复水对黑果腺肋花楸光合特性的影响

【目的】探索黑果腺肋花楸对土壤干旱胁迫的响应。【方法】以两年生黑果腺肋花楸为材料,人工模拟干旱胁迫,通过盆栽试验进行土壤逐渐干旱胁迫和旱后复水处理,研究土壤逐渐干旱及复水对黑果腺肋花楸光合特性的影响。【结果】整个干旱胁迫期间,黑果腺肋花楸的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均逐渐降低,而水分利用效率(WUE)随土壤干旱胁迫程度的加剧而上升;干旱胁迫下,黑果腺肋花楸的叶绿素总量显著降低,叶绿素a/b值显著增加,类胡萝卜素含量变化不明显,并维持较高的叶片相对含水量;CO_2补偿点升高,羧化效率明显减小;干旱30 d,Pn、Gs、Ci和Tr均降到最低值,均显著低于干旱处理前的水平,分别比干旱胁迫处理前下降了85.4%、79.86%、31.98%和91.55%,仍具有一定生物活性,没有死亡;干旱复水后,叶片相对含水量能恢复至对照水平,Pn、Gs、Ci和Tr均迅速升高,Gs、Ci、Tr均未恢复到干旱处理3 d时的水平,但只比干旱处理3 d时降低27.99%、14.15%、16.58%,Pn比干旱处理3 d时升高0.54%,通过表现出较强的恢复能力适应土壤干旱环境。【结论】干旱胁迫过程中,黑果腺肋花楸通过较高的Pn、较低的Tr来提高WUE,保持良好叶片水分状况来抵御干旱胁迫的伤害,胁迫去除后,叶片相对含水量和叶绿素含量均有所增高;各项光合参数值也有所回升,反映出黑果腺肋花楸在复水后具有较强的自我调节能力。     

生长调节物质对黑果腺肋花楸试管苗增殖和生根的影响

研究了不同种类植物生长调节物质对黑果腺肋花楸试管苗增殖和生根的影响,结果表明:KT对黑果腺肋花楸试管苗的增殖无效果;MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L IBA对黑果腺肋花楸试管苗的增殖、继代培养效果最好;IBA的生根效果优于NAA,尤其是1/2 MS+0.4 mg/L IBA表现最好。     

黑果腺肋花楸形态特征和生长发育特性研究

对黑果腺肋花楸树体结构、器官形态特征，物侯期，营养生长和生殖生长特性，生长发育生态因子等内容进行了研究，并依据研究结果对其观赏性、整形修剪方法、适生性、抗灾性和栽植密度等进行了探讨。     

欧美国家黑果腺肋花楸栽培技术研究现状

阐述了黑果腺肋花楸在欧美发达国家栽培研究现状及发展水平。黑果腺肋花楸栽培研究以物候观测、品种繁育、多酚积累研究为主。目前,黑果腺肋花楸特殊功能性已经被广泛认知,其相关产业也已经在欧美国家建立和发展起来。借鉴和利用西方国家的研究成果,为快速促进我国黑果腺肋花楸种植产业建立和发展提供参考。     

黑果腺肋花楸化学成分及药理活性研究进展

综述了黑果腺肋花楸的化学成分和药理活性的研究进展,并对其开发应用进行展望。