1.5%除虫菊素水乳剂对温室黄瓜蚜虫防治效果试验

[目的]比较3种1.5%除虫菊素水乳剂对温室黄瓜蚜虫防治效果。[方法]施用3种试剂,并在处理前及处理后1、3、7 d分别调查蚜虫数量。[结果]三保奇花-1.5%除虫菊素水乳剂、清源保-1.5%除虫菊素水乳剂和碧琪-1.5%除虫菊素水乳剂,药后7d对黄瓜蚜虫的防效分别为90.26%、81.82%和70.42%。[结论]三保奇花-1.5%除虫菊素水乳剂作为生物农药表现出优异的防效。     

全纯人工营养液饲养蚜虫的研究

根据蚜虫高度特化的取食习性和平衡营养的需求，本文报道了一种较为理想的全纯营养液配方（由氨基酸、维生素、糖、盐类及微量元素等构成）和优化的人工饲养蚜虫技术体系。这为进一步深入研究蚜虫生理代谢、测定杀虫剂效果和探讨作物抗蚜生理生化机理等奠定了实验技术基础。     

博落回生物碱对烟草蚜和豆蚜杀虫活性的研究

博落回总生物碱、总生物碱盐酸盐对烟草蚜虫、豆蚜虫都有比较强的毒杀作用,处理60 h,博落回总生物碱、总生物碱盐对烟草蚜虫半致死浓度LC50分别为274.5μg/mL和501.19μg/mL。博落回总生物碱(处理48 h)、博落回总生物碱盐(处理30 h)对豆蚜虫半致死浓度LC50分别为562.3μg/mL和380.2μg/mL。     

小麦叶片表面化学元素组分及其与抗蚜性关系研究

为了探讨小麦抗蚜虫机理，用能谱分析方法研究了12个小麦品种叶片表面化学元素组成及其与抗蚜性的关系。结果表明，小麦叶片表面主要含有Na、Al、Si、Ca和Fe5种化学元素，它们的含量分别为0～22．40％、2．98％～13．91％、31．73％～91．83％、5．21％～37．38％和0～6．03％。蚜虫指数在1．2～3．6之间。蚜虫指数与叶片表面Si与Ca元素的含量之间分别具有极显著的正相关关系和负相关关系，相关系数分别为0．730和-0．734。     

武昌油菜害虫的天敌研究

武昌油菜害虫天敌有50种,其中捕食性天敌35种,以蜘蛛类为主,占48％;寄生性天敌15种,以蚜茧蜂和油菜潜蝇姬小蜂为主,寄生率分别为64.29％和60—80％     

Parasitoids of<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Ips typographus</Emphasis> (Col., Scolytidae), their frequency and composition in uncontrolled and controlled infested spruce forest in Bavaria

In the Bavarian Forest national park, the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (Col., Scolytidae) has caused an uncontrolled mass propagation for more than 10 years. To find out if the population of parasitoid species, which can develop in an uncontrolled natural forest, is able to restrict spruce bark beetle gradation, we investigated the parasitoid fauna, their abundance and frequency in the central part of the park (no control), in the protection area and the enlargement area of the park and in a productive forest where the spruce bark beetle is strictly controlled. In 2002 and 2003, the species Coeloides bostrichorum, Roptrocerus xylophagorum/mirus, Rhopalicus tutela, Tomicobia seitneri and Dendrosoter eupterus were identified. C. bostrichorum was the most numerous species before Roptrocerus sp. and Rh. tutela. T. seitneri and D. eupterus were not as numerous. The order of frequency differed. Roptrocerus sp. was the most frequent parasitoid wasp in both years, and Rh. tutela and even T. seitneri were more frequent than C. bostrichorum. C. bostrichorum and Rh. tutela were found to be protandrous, whereas Roptrocerus sp. males and females had different sequences of appearance in different forest types. The average percentages of parasitism increased with time of exposure and was highest in the second generation. We found astonishingly high parasitization rates at sites where attacked trees are regularly removed.     

Parasitoid complex (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) of Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) in Iran

The parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) of the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch, were investigated throughout two far distant provinces, Tehran and Sistan-Baluchestan. Colonies of the cowpea aphid were collected from different host plants and reared under laboratory conditions until the parasitoids emerged. The aphids were parasitized by an expected range of parasitoids. The species were Aphidius colemani Viereck, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall), Lysiphlebus confusus Tremblay and Eady, Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson), Binodoxys acalephae (Marshall), Binodoxys angelicae (Haliday), Praon volucre (Haliday) and Ephedrus persicae Froggatt. L. testaceipes is reported here for the first time in Iran. The most common species was L. fabarum followed by B. acalephae and L. confusus. A key is provided for identification and host plant associations are considered.     

Expansion of the aphid Myzocallis (Lineomyzocallis) walshii (Monell) on the red oak Quercus rubra, and adaptation of local parasitoids in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula (Hom., Aphididae, Calaphidinae; Hym., Braconidae, Aphidiinae)

An ongoing expansion of Myzocallis (L.) walshii (Monell) in the NE Iberian Peninsula was detected. The aphid species was recorded in Catalonia, Andorra and Navarra. Adaptation of local native parasitoids (at least Trioxys pallidus Haliday and T. tenuicaudus Stary) to the new immigrant was documented, together with background information on their host range in the native environments. The detection of parasitoids of M. walshii is the first published evidence in Europe. The new evidence for M. walshii in the NE Iberian Peninsula also supports the warning of the expansion of the aphid as a pest of Quercus rubra over Europe.     

中条山蚜虫种类资源初步研究

从分类阶元、寄主植物、寄主部位、分布地域等诸方面对中条山蚜虫种类进行了初步研究。采用比较形态学的研究方法,对采于中条山区不同地段的蚜虫进行了显微鉴定,共计103个采样,现已定名43种,隶属7科27个属。寄主植物多样,以菊科种类居多,占35%;寄主部位多样化,以叶片和嫩枝梢为主要为害部位;分布地域以蟒河、历山两大自然保护区种类较为丰富。     

自然天敌控制小麦蚜虫的效果观察

田间试验表明：麦蚜天敌对小麦蚜虫的控制作用比较明显，其中七星瓢虫和草间小黑蛛为优势种，控制效果分别为28.5%和 23.2 %。采取充分发挥自然天敌的控制作用、高峰期辅以化学防治的综合治理策略，可有效地压低虫口基数，把蚜虫控制在穗前，以减轻蚜虫对小麦的为害。