Analysis of the seed dispersal patterns of wild soybean as a reference for vegetation management around genetically modified soybean fields

There are concerns that genetically modified soybean might threaten the genetic diversity of the wild soybean populations that are distributed in East Asia because genetically modified soybean has no crossing barrier with wild soybean. A simple and effective method to prevent hybridization via pollen flow is spatial separation between the two species because their hybridization occurs only when they grow in close proximity. Therefore, the invasiveness of wild soybean needs to be known in order to secure the appropriate distances. As wild soybean seeds are dispersed mechanically by pod dehiscence, an experiment was conducted in which white sheets were placed on the ground, concentric circles were drawn around the parent plants, and the number of dispersed seeds within each 0.5 m‐wide zone were counted. About 40% of the produced seeds were dispersed and the number of dispersed seeds gradually declined as the distance from the parent plants increased. The model that explained the relationship between the number and distance of the dispersed seeds was produced by using a generalized linear model procedure. More than 95, 99, and 99.9% of the produced seeds stayed within 3.5, 5.0, and 6.5 m after natural pod dehiscence. Knowing these values is useful for evaluating the level of invasive risk by mechanical seed dispersal. The goal of the work is to efficiently and deliberately prevent hybridization by isolating genetically modified soybean fields and wild soybean populations by vegetation management, including weeding and setting up specific‐width buffer zones.     

影响紫花苜蓿花药培养因素的探讨与分析

从外植体的选取时期及处理、培养基及激素组合、培养条件等多方面分析,影响紫花苜蓿花药培养的因素,并对花粉植株倍性鉴定、驯化移栽和花粉植株的遗传稳定性进行了初步探讨。     

Disseminated candidiasis secondary to fungal and bacterial peritonitis in a young dog

Objective – To describe a severe case of bacterial sepsis and disseminated candidiasis in a previously healthy dog.
Case Summary – Fungal sepsis was identified in a 2-year-old dog following intestinal dehiscence 4 days after abdominal surgery. Septic peritonitis was identified at admission and evidence of dehiscence at the previous enterotomy site was found during an exploratory laparotomy. Both gram-positive cocci and Candida albicans were cultured from the abdominal cavity. Candida sp. was also subsequently cultured from a central venous catheter. Euthanasia was performed due to failure to respond to therapy. Fungal organisms, morphologically consistent with Candida spp., were found in the lungs and kidney on postmortem histopathologic examination indicating disseminated candidiasis.
New or Unique Information Provided – Candida peritonitis is a well-recognized entity in humans and contributes to morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Abdominal surgery, intestinal perforation, presence of central venous catheters, and administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics are all considered to be suspected risk factors. This report describes the first known case of systemic candidiasis occurring secondary to Candida peritonitis and bacterial sepsis in a critically ill dog.     

谷氨酰胺、脯氨酸和激素对苜蓿花药培养的影响

为提高苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)花药培养效率,以小孢子发育处于单核中期到单核靠边期的花药为材料,对谷氨酰胺、脯氨酸和激素配比对花药培养的影响进行研究。结果表明:培养基中附加谷氨酰胺或脯氨酸对苜蓿花药愈伤组织诱导、增殖和分化都是有益的,其中谷氨酰胺700 mg/L或脯氨酸600 mg/L的效果较佳;增殖培养基中附加2 mg/L 2,4-D和0.5mg/L 6-BA配合使用较单独使用更有利于愈伤组织增殖和后期绿苗分化;分化培养基中附加0.5 mg/L NAA和2 mg/L KT的绿苗分化率较高。     

甘蓝型油菜MSL不育系花药发育的细胞学研究

为了揭示MSL(male sterility lembke)的小孢子败育时期及其特点,从而促进中国及世界油菜杂种优势利用的步伐。选用MSL衍生系的不育材料和可育材料为试验材料,采用常规压片和石蜡切片技术,观察其花药发育过程。通过对MSL不育材料的细胞学观察,发现MSL可发育到四分体时期,四分体不同程度皱缩,绒毡层径向伸长,并含有一个特别大的液泡,液泡将细胞核和细胞质挤向细胞的一边,胞质浓缩。随着发育的进行,绒毡层进一步伸长,向内挤压四分体,腔室体积变小。紧接着液泡化并且伸长了的绒毡层和浓缩的四分体溶解在一起,花粉囊横切面的形状发生改变,由圆形变成长条形,最后整个花药室萎缩。结果表明MSL的败育时期为四分体时期,由于绒毡层的异常而导致败育。     

玉米花药培养及再生植株倍性鉴定

对影响玉米花药培养的几个因素及再生植株的倍性鉴定的结果表明、基因型是影响玉米花培效果的重要因素,杂交种的花培效果好于不稳定系,不稳定系又好于自交系.N_6与正_(14)两种培养基都适于花药培养,但正_(14)培养基优于N_6培养基.特别是液体培养基效果更好.花药接种的适宜时期为单核中期和后期.单核后期又稍好于单核中期,单核早期的花药不能诱导愈伤组织.单倍体与二倍体花粉植株之间叶片气孔保卫细胞长度差异极显著,长度小于29μm的为单倍体.大于29μm的为二倍体或多倍体.鉴定的准确性可达到95%.因此可利用测量气孔保卫细胞长度的方法鉴定花粉植株的倍性.     

提高胡麻花药培养中愈伤组织诱导率的关键技术研究

通过对胡麻花药培养与再生体系建立的条件探索,比较不同基因型的花药培养能力的差异．比较不同预处理对花药愈伤组织的诱导率。旨在建立高效的胡麻花药培养再生体系,筛选最佳的基因型,同时可为育种选择提供理想的材料。可为其他作物生物技术育种工作提供可借鏊的经验。     

多效唑在小麦花药培养中应用的研究

在小麦花粉愈伤诱导及分化培养基中,加入一种三唑类化介物---多效唑(MET),对出愈率和绿苗分化率影响不明显,但当其浓度高于2mg/L时,会出现负效应。在小麦壮苗培养基中附加MET3 mg/L,萘乙酸(NAA)0.5mg/L,蔗糖8％,不仅可改善春性小麦花粉植株的生长状态,还可提高花粉苗染色体加倍率。若与将愈伤转入分化培养基以前先在含秋水仙碱250mg/L的MS培养基中处理1天这一方法相配合使用,将会出现更好的加倍效果。冬性小麦花粉植株的壮苗培养基中添加MET,可有效地防止花粉苗在越夏过程中老化,增加分蘖数,从而大幅度提高移栽成活率,但同时花粉植株的染色体加倍率有所下降。     

短光低温不育水稻新种质的花药培养研究

对短光低温不育水稻进行花药培养的结果表明：不同基因型材料的花培力差异较大；同一材料在不同的基本培养基和激素配比中进行培养的效果不同，对宜DIS，以M8附加2,4-D(2mg/L) NAA(2mg/L) Kt(1.5mg/L)的花培力最高；不同时间段所取的材料花培力差异较大，可能与材料生长所处的最适环境不同有关；适当的通气状况有利于绿苗分化率的提高。     

利用同源四倍体花培途径创建水稻突变体群的研究

本研究以同源四倍体水稻种质资源为材料,通过花药培养,在其花粉植株后代中选择各种突变体以构建水稻突变体群。现已获得高频再生植株花粉无性系A87203、H2558矮变体、H2558独秆变异体、890321不育突变体、H4198小穗突变体、H5421草状突变体、H5597多蘖突变体、008318黄叶矮变体、H3774小麦型穗突变体、H3774针状叶矮变体、H