新生荷斯坦犊牛心脏左心室的解剖学观测

对新生荷斯坦犊牛心脏左心室的结构进行了观测。结果 :左心室内肉柱多集中在两乳头肌下部至心尖的中隔面上 ,心室侧壁上也有肉柱 ,主动脉半月瓣结的出现率为 61 5 4% ;流入道、流出道长度分别为 ( 6 84± 0 5 7)cm和 ( 7 41± 0 61)cm ;左心室侧壁和室间隔厚度分别为 ( 1 14± 0 14 )cm和 ( 1 41± 0 15 )cm ;左房室口和主动脉口周径分别为 ( 5 11± 0 76)cm和 ( 4 2 9± 0 60 )cm。     

翅果沙芥和距沙芥营养器官的解剖学观察

本文对沙芥属（Pugionium)的2个种——翅果沙芥（P.pterocarpum Kom.)、距沙芥（P.calcaraturm Kom.)根、花序轴、叶做了解剖学观察。结果表明这2种植物属于肉质多浆类植物，体内薄壁组织发达，适于作为食用植物予以开发。它们的花序轴表皮具发达的角质层、“异形细胞”、气孔，皮层薄壁细胞中含有大量的叶绿体，维管束为双韧维管束。另外翅果沙芥和距沙芥具有二元型的初生根，老根肉质化。它们的营养器官有分泌细胞等十字花科植物的特征。另外，本文讨论了沙芥属4个种在解剖结构的异、同点。     

矮化植物营养体解剖学的研究进展

对植物矮化概念、矮化机理、矮化措施进行简要论述,主要对近年国内外矮化植物形态解剖学的研究动态进行综述。     

金鳟骨骼系统解剖观察

采用常规煮沸剥离方法对金鳟骨骼系统的组成进行观察,得到了金鳟的完整骨骼标本和单个骨骼标本。结果表明：金鳟由353块骨骼组成,其中主轴骨骼277块,附肢骨骼76块。筛骨区发达,其中围眶骨6对,各围眶骨中皆有感觉管穿过。牙齿在口咽腔中分布很广,捕食能力强。金鳟的躯干部由150块骨骼组成,体型侧扁,背鳍基部短,在背鳍之后还有1个小脂鳍。附肢骨骼中无坚硬的鳍棘出现。附肢骨骼中的腰带,构造非常简单,仅为1块三角形骨板,起到承重的功能。     

羊驼呼吸系统形态结构观察

用大体解剖学方法研究了羊驼呼吸系统的形态结构,用组织学方法研究了羊驼肺的组织结构,并与文献报道的骆驼的呼吸系统,牛、羊、马、猪等的呼吸系统进行了比较。结果显示,羊驼呼吸系统的组成与其它家畜相同,都是由鼻、咽、喉、气管、支气管和肺组成,但各器官有其特点。羊驼呼吸系统形态结构类似于骆驼和马,肺的组织结构类似于其它家畜,但也有其独特之处。     

司笃克氏棉（G.stockii）色素腺体的形态建成与棉酚动态研究

对司笃克氏棉幼胚发育过程和种子萌发过程中的色素腺体形态建成进行连续的切片观察和棉酚含量分析。结果表明,司笃克氏棉的种仁中含有肉眼可见的色素腺体,为典型的有色素腺体类型;然而种仁中的棉酚含量仅为0.0058%,为典型的低酚棉类型。司笃克氏棉种子成熟过程中的色素腺体形态建成有两种情况：（1）色素腺体细胞直接形成     

Life cycles of individual roots in fine root system of Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.

Recent studies have remarked on differences in the life cycles of individual fine roots. However, the dynamics of individual roots with different life cycles, such as ephemeral and perennial, during root system development are still unknown. We examined individual roots during fine root system development in a mature stand of Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc. (Cupressaceae) using the sequential ingrowth core method and an anatomical method. The visual classification, i.e., orange, red, brown, intact dead, and fragmented dead, of fine roots corresponded well with the anatomical classification. Orange and red roots contained passage cells, and brown roots contained cork cambium. The proportions of protoxylem groups differed among visual classes. Brown secondary roots were mainly triarch (43%) and tetrarch (40%) and rarely diarch (12%), whereas fragmented dead roots, which constituted more than 95% of the dead roots, were mainly diarch (67%). These results imply that triarch and tetrarch roots tend to form secondary roots, whereas diarch roots tend to become dead roots without secondary growth. Using the numbers of root tips and clusters, root system development could be classified into three stages: colonization, branching within the root system, and maintenance. During the colonization stage, mainly triarch and tetrarch roots, which tend to be secondary growth, invaded ingrowth cores. During the branching stage, primarily diarch roots, which tend to be ephemeral, emerged. Fine root system development involved the recruitment of different individual roots during the life cycle depending on the growth stage.     

黑龙江省野生鹿蹄草菌根显微结构观察

采用锥虫蓝染色压片和石蜡切片方法,对不同生长时期的黑龙江省野生鹿蹄草(Pyrola calliantha)样品菌根进行显微观察。结果表明,鹿蹄草菌根中菌丝的侵染、定殖和消解均随生长发育的变化而变化;在营养生长期和生殖生长期,鹿蹄草菌根中出现大量菌丝,两个时期的菌丝特征有所不同:营养生长期菌丝初步侵染皮层细胞,松散缠绕,生殖生长期菌丝大量侵染皮层细胞,形成菌丝团;在休眠期,皮层第二层细胞中富集大量球形孢子。     

Change in flower morphology of Torenia fournieri Lind. induced by forchlorfenuron application

We induced various flower morphologies in torenia (Torenia fournieri Lind.) by the application of forchlorfenuron (CPPU). Those morphologies were the combination of four basic morphological changes, the development of serrate petals, incised petals, a paracorolla, and an increased number of floral organs. These morphological changes occurred systematically depending on the floral stage at the time of CPPU application. Serrate petals were induced when CPPU was applied during the stages of corolla development, whereas application at younger stages induced petal incision. The serrate petal margin resulted from preferential proliferation of cells around the vascular bundles, whereas petal incision likely resulted from the lateral outgrowths of petal. A paracorolla was induced at the adaxial petal face when CPPU was applied between the sepal development stage and early corolla development. The paracorolla appears to have arisen from the lateral outgrowths of the stamen. The numbers of stamens, petals, and sepals increased when CPPU was applied at and before the differentiation of sex organs and the corolla. Enlargement of the floral meristem probably caused this increase. Application of N⁶-benzylaminopurine and zeatin did not induce these morphological changes.     

植物扦插生根机理的研究进展

扦插作为一种无性繁殖的重要技术被广泛应用于生产实践中,然而目前一些优良植物的扦插生根率低,制约着其扦插繁殖技术的长足发展,而探明植物的扦插生根调控机理是提高植物扦插生根率的关键。本文从插穗不定根发生的形态解剖学、生理学及分子学研究三方面对植物扦插生根机理的研究进行综述。结合国内外研究现状,从解剖学角度对不定根形成的进程和机理进行说明,分析了插穗内含物质与生根之间的关系,阐明了不定根形成和发育的关键分子调控机理。目前植物的扦插生根机理研究已从解剖学、生理学深入到分子学水平,基于分子生物学的发展趋势,提出利用基因工程手段提升植物扦插繁殖技术,以实现植物扦插繁殖的技术创新,提高繁殖数量和质量,适应发展需要。