超声提取-气相色谱法测定土壤1,9-癸二醇

1,9-癸二醇是由水稻根系分泌物中发现的一种新型生物硝化抑制剂,在农业生产中可提高氮肥利用率,减少氮素损失。为建立一套超声波提取-气相色谱检测土壤中1,9-癸二醇的方法,分别对超声波提取条件(提取剂、提取次数、液料比、超声时间)和气相色谱检测参数(进样口温度、检测器温度、升温程序)进行研究。结果表明,超声波提取土壤1,9-癸二醇的最佳方法为甲醇作为提取剂超声提取1次,液料比40mL·g^–1,超声时间30 min。气相色谱Agilent8890测定1,9-癸二醇的最佳条件为进样口温度250℃;氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)温度310℃;升温程序:初始柱温60℃,保持2 min,以20℃·min^–1的速率升至150℃,然后以3℃·min^–1的速率升至180℃,保持2 min,最后以20℃·min^–1的速率升至270℃。在最佳提取和测定条件下,不同浓度1,9-癸二醇的加标回收率为90.58%～94.55%。超声提取-气相色谱法检测限低、灵敏度和精密度高,快速高效、重复性好,为今后1,9-癸二醇的实际应用工作...     

Stability of Saxitoxin in 50% Methanol Fecal Extracts and Raw Feces from Bowhead Whales (Balaena mysticetus)

In recent decades, harmful algal blooms (HABs) producing paralytic shellfish toxins (including saxitoxin, STX) have become increasingly frequent in the marine waters of Alaska, USA, subjecting Pacific Arctic and subarctic communities and wildlife to increased toxin exposure risks. Research on the risks of HAB toxin exposures to marine mammal health commonly relies on the sampling of marine mammal gastrointestinal (GI) contents to quantify HAB toxins, yet no studies have been published testing the stability of STX in marine mammal GI matrices. An understanding of STX stability in test matrices under storage and handling conditions is imperative to the integrity of toxin quantifications and conclusions drawn thereby. Here, STX stability is characterized in field-collected bowhead whale feces (stored raw in several treatments) and in fecal extracts (50% methanol, MeOH) over multiple time points. Toxin stability, as the percent of initial concentration (T0), was reported for each storage treatment and time point. STX was stable (mean 99% T0) in 50% MeOH extracts over the 8-week study period, and there was no significant difference in STX concentrations quantified in split fecal samples extracted in 80% ethanol (EtOH) and 50% MeOH. STX was also relatively stable in raw fecal material stored in the freezer (mean 94% T0) and the refrigerator (mean 93% T0) up to 8 weeks. STX degraded over time in the room-temperature dark, room-temperature light, and warm treatments to means of 48 ± 1.9, 38 ± 2.8, and 20 ± 0.7% T0, respectively, after 8 weeks (mean ± standard error; SE). Additional opportunistically analyzed samples frozen for ≤4.5 years also showed STX to be relatively stable (mean 97% T0). Mean percent of T0 was measured slightly above 100% in some extracts following some treatments, and (most notably) at some long-term frozen time points, likely due to evaporation from samples causing STX to concentrate, or variability between ELISA plates. Overall, these results suggest that long-term frozen storage of raw fecal samples and the analysis of extracts within 8 weeks of extraction in 50% MeOH is sufficient for obtaining accurate STX quantifications in marine mammal fecal material without concerns about significant degradation.     

纤维素分解菌ZJW-4产酶条件研究

采用单因素试验法进行不同条件下的液体发酵培养,确定纤维素分解菌ZJW-4的最适产酶条件。结果表明:ZJW-4产纤维素酶的最优发酵条件为以蛋白胨+(NH4)2SO4为氮源的培养基,28℃,pH 6,静置培养48 h。     

小区绿化设计的理念、原则及造景

通过参考大量文献资料及深入实际调查分析研究,结合实例分析总结居住小区绿化设计中存在的几个常见的问题,提出小区绿化设计的理念、原则,并对小区绿化植物的选择与造景提出建议。     

聊城市春季人工增雨作业天气条件分析

利用1970～2005年聊城市春季降水和高空探测资料,分析了春季降水的气候特征、主要影响天气系统及降水云系的变化。结果表明：西北冷锋和黄淮气旋是聊城市春季适合实施人工增雨作业的最为有利和作业机会最多的天气系统,3月以层状云为主要作业对象,4～5月则以层积混合云为主要作业对象。     

杂草稻nrDNA ITS片段的PCR扩增条件优化及测定

对杂草稻的nrDNA ITS片段的PCR扩增条件进行了优化并测定,建立的PCR最优体系为：20μL反应体系含1μL模板DNA,0．125mmoL／L dNTPs,0．5μmol／L正反向引物,1U Taq酶,2．0μL 10×Taq PCR Bufter;退火温度为57℃。这样的条件下充分保证了ITS PCR产物的质量和纯度要求,直接测序结果为600bp左右,与网上结果十分类似,表明结果准确可靠。这些ITS片段的系统学信息将为杂草稻的起源进化提供有力的分子水平证据。     

遮挡条件下多视角甜椒果实点云三维重构方法

为进行表型原位自动化测量,实现甜椒数字化育种和管理,针对原位果实表型测量中的目标遮挡问题,提出一种多视角甜椒果实点云的三维重构方法。通过虚拟叶片的方法,创建增强数据集,建立基于YOLO v5算法的甜椒果实识别模型,实现对不同遮挡程度果实的识别,同时,构建考虑果实位置与遮挡程度的果实表型采集算法,实现多视角的果实三维数据采集。最后,配准甜椒果实三维点云,提取甜椒表型参数,并通过温室甜椒果实表型,对点云重构方法的有效性进行验证。相较手动测量数据,果实果宽平均相对误差为1.72%,果高平均相对误差为1.60%。试验结果表明,本文所提出的甜椒原位表型点云重构方法,可为遮挡条件下作物表型提供有效的解决思路和可行方法。     

甲基磺酸乙酯诱变西瓜种子的条件优化

为探明EMS诱变西瓜种子的最佳条件,以石红为试材,设置种子切口与不切口2种处理方式,采用6个诱变浓度(0.40%,1.00%,1.20%,1.40%,1.60%和2.00%)和5个诱变时间(4、10、12、14、16 h)共30个不同处理组合对西瓜种子萌发的影响进行研究。结果表明,切口处理能显著提高西瓜种子对EMS诱变剂的敏感性,共筛选出6个处理组合,诱变效果最接近半致死剂量,分别是1.20%+12 h、1.20%+14 h、1.20%+16 h、1.40%+12 h、1.40%+14 h和1.40%+16 h,对应的西瓜种子相对发芽率分别为50.38%、52.21%、51.97%、48.95%、49.97%和48.82%。以用量少且用时短为原则,确定EMS诱变西瓜种子的最佳组合是1.20%EMS诱变12 h。