转基因植物中Bt Cry2Ab蛋白的抗原表位特征预测(英文)

[目的]通过生物信息学方法了解转基因作物中BtCry2Ab蛋白的二级结构、三级结构、B细胞抗原表位及T细胞抗原表位等结构特征,为今后的抗体设计奠定基础。[方法]以在NCBI数据库中获得Cry2Ab蛋白序列为材料,应用DNAStar中多种方法预测其B细胞表位,并通过在线预测软件NetMHCII2.2分析Cry2Ab蛋白与MHC-II类分子的结合能力从而预测其T细胞抗原表位。[结果]对Cry2Ab蛋白的B细胞抗原表位的预测表明,Cry2Ab蛋白的第208～215区域是潜在的B细胞抗原表位。对Cry2Ab蛋白与MHC-II类分子结合能力的分析表明,Cry2Ab蛋白的第177～185区域、299～307区域和255～263区域是潜在的T细胞抗原表位,暗示含有HLA-DRB10101和HLA-DRB10701等位基因的人群对Cry2Ab蛋白更敏感。[结论]该研究有助于深入了解Cry2Ab蛋白的生物学特征,为完善转基因食品过敏原性的评估方法提供新线索。     

Two faces to the greenery on housing estates–mitigating climate but aggravating allergy. A Warsaw case study

Interest in the climate and an awareness of the beneficial cooling influence exerted on it by biologically-vital areas is growing, as climate change progresses, hot weather is more frequent as well as the urban heat island more intense. It is necessary to protect existing greenery in the cities and to introduce new planting. However plants in a warmer climate can produce larger amounts of pollen and are more readily able to initiate an allergic reaction among those prone to them. That means—not every greenery is advantageous for humans in the cities. In the research two housing estates built at different times and differ in type, density and age of buildings, as well as in the composition and the percentage of biologically vital area and the species planted were examined. Detailed inventory of tall greenery entailed the trees and shrubs and next their assumed allergenic potential was made. Cooling effect likely is derived from the difference in greenery, but the other factors such as differences in the density of buildings and spatial organization of the estate could also influence it. The older estate with the ratio of biologically vital areas of 54.3% is characterised by more favourable local climate than the newer estate, with the ratio of biologically vital areas equals 40.7% and young vegetation. On the newer one the perceptible thermal conditions did not differ significantly compared with the city centre. Unfortunately, on Koło Estate trees creating mild thermal conditions are also the trees promoting allergies most severely: birches, poplars and limes. And they are planted usually around playgrounds and kindergarten. The trees of high allergenicity should be partially removed, even risking small worsening thermal conditions.     

Assessment of the allergenicity of soluble fractions from GM and commercial genotypes of wheats

Breeding has enabled the development of wheat genotypes with different quality characteristics and end uses. Despite its numerous positive properties that make it one of the most cultivated crops, wheat is known to induce allergic reactions in predisposed consumers. Genetic modification (GM) technology for crop improvement has recently emerged and its impact on allergenicity must be evaluated, as recommended by the Codex Alimentarius.     

Do the threats of alder and birch allergenic pollen differ within an urban area?

Currently, the increasing frequency of inhalant allergy is often linked to the urbanization effect. The pollen forecasts for a given city are most often prepared using data from one aerobiological station. However, there is evidence that the pollen concentrations in the air might differ depending on the city area and the height of the pollen trap. This study evaluated the spatial differences in the daily concentrations of alder and birch pollen grains in an urban area in relation to the proximity of the pollen sources and meteorological parameters. Pollen grains were sampled in Rzeszów in 2014–2016 by three volumetric traps located at the roof and nose levels in two city areas that differed in the numbers of alder and birch trees. The daily pollen concentrations were categorized into three allergy symptom thresholds. The relationship between the daily pollen concentrations and meteorological variables was examined using a redundancy analysis and circular statistics. There were spatial differences in the pollen season intensity and, to a lesser extent, the variability in its course. Generally, higher concentrations were registered at the roof level and in the city suburbs than at the nose level and in the downtown area where alder and birch trees were less numerous. Despite the spatial variability of the pollen concentrations and the differences in the proximity and abundance of pollen sources, the risks for allergy sufferers were similar throughout the city. It was concluded that the main cause of this phenomenon is the high dispersal abilities of Alnus and Betula pollen grains. Although temperature seems to be a crucial factor that influences the airborne pollen of both taxa, several weather variables were found to have complex impacts on the daily concentrations.     

大豆过敏原Gly m 4蛋白抗原表位特征预测

通过生物信息学相关软件分析大豆过敏原Gly m 4蛋白理化性质(Prot Param)、信号肽(Signal P 4.1 Server)、跨膜区(TMHMM Server V 2.0)、B细胞表位(DNAStar)、MHC-Ⅱ类分子的结合能力(Net MHCⅡ2.2)。结果发现:Gly m4蛋白稳定性较好,无信号肽与跨膜区,转角结构丰富;B细胞抗原表位预测表明,Gly m 4蛋白61~64、93~94、122~125、127~130、134~137区域是潜在B细胞抗原表位;MHC-Ⅱ类分子的结合力分析表明Gly m 4蛋白144~153区域及82~96区域是潜在T细胞抗原表位,同时发现HLA-DRB10701、HLA-DRB10101等位基因型人群对Gly m 4蛋白较敏感。Gly m 4蛋白抗原表位分析为大豆过敏原的低过敏原性改造提供参考依据。     

转基因植物中Bt Cry2Ab蛋白的抗原表位特征预测

[目的]通过生物信息学方法了解转基因作物中Bt Cry2Ab蛋白的二级结构、三级结构、B细胞抗原表位及T细胞抗原表位等结构特征,为今后的抗体设计奠定基础。[方法]以在NCBI数据库中获得Cry2Ab蛋白序列为材料,应用DNAStar中的多种方法预测其B细胞表位,并通过在线预测软件NetMHCII 2.2分析Cry2Ab蛋白与MHC-II类分子的结合能力,从而预测其T细胞抗原表位。[结果]对Cry2Ab蛋白B细胞抗原表位的预测表明,Cry2Ab蛋白的第208～215区域是潜在的B细胞抗原表位;对Cry2Ab蛋白与MHC-II类分子结合能力的分析表明,Cry2Ab蛋白的第177～185区域、299～307区域和255～263区域是潜在的T细胞抗原表位,暗示含有HLA-DRB10101和HLA-DRB10701等位基因的人群对Cry2Ab蛋白更敏感。[结论]该研究有助于深入了解Cry2Ab蛋白的生物学特征,为完善转基因食品过敏原性的评估方法提供新线索。     

A regulation-oriented approach for allergenicity categorization of plants

Plant species have different degrees of allergenicity. Existing systems categorizing plants according their allergenicity were reviewed to find a method that could serve as the basis for the regulation of green areas. The categorization of plants by their allergenicity serves different purposes: informing allergic patients, warning consumers in horticultural stands, or evaluating urban green areas. The regulation of allergenic plants in trade and their use in urban greening is a new, emerging application of allergenic categorization. Our review showed that the existing systems cannot be used for this purpose, because they cannot fulfill the main requirements of regulation: the methods were often not described, and this affected reproducibility and there was a lack of evidence on allergenicity. To overcome these issues, a new, evidence-based categorization (CARE-S) was developed using genetically determined factors of plants: immunogenicity, morphology, and pollen production. 529 plant taxa were categorized, mostly those common in urban areas in the Pannonian Biogeographical Region. The new system can be applied in other biogeographic areas and on new plant varieties by an online calculator tool. An adaptation strategy of CARE-S in regulations is also proposed. Additional benefits of CARE-S: 1: promoting the development of low-allergenic cultivars, 2: identifying overlooked allergens, recommending their use in clinical tests, 3: calling attention to plant taxa which need more research in allergology or botany; 4: providing a legal tool to prevent the introduction and dispersal of (new) allergenic plants. As a further step the authors suggest developing another tool, epidemiological allergenicity, derivated from CARE-S, aiming to characterize the geographically-determined effects of plants on human populations.