丙硫咪唑在囊虫患者体内药代动力学的研究

用反相高效液相色谱法测定丙硫咪唑的中间代谢体丙硫咪唑亚砜和丙硫咪唑砜,在7名囊虫患者体内的血药含量及药代动力学研究,以含0.40％乙酸的光谱纯甲醇为流动相,以色谱柱MicrQ Bondpak CN 0.39×15cm 10μ为固定相,紫外检测器波长290nm,以甲苯咪唑为内标物亚砜收率为95.23±6.74％;砜收率为90.04％±5.32％。不同浓度水平测定结果,日内和日间变动系数均小于10％;以亚砜加砜为实测值的药代动力学符合有吸收因素二室模型。患者单剂量口服丙硫咪唑25mg/kg体重时,平均血药10h达峰,亚砜加砜之和为558.14±208.34ng/ml血;生物半衰期t_(1/2)β为13.54±3.11h;血浆清除率CLB为132.79±45.58L/kg·h。     

松木粉／聚醚砜树脂复合材料的制备及选择性激光烧结试验

以松木粉、聚醚砜树脂为材料,用SHR－10A型高速混合机制备松木粉／聚醚砜树脂复合粉末;用HRPS－ⅢA型激光粉末烧结快速成型机,遴选出复合粉末可用于选择性激光烧结工艺参数及适宜的预热温度,烧结成型。测量了不同松木粉质量比对复合粉末力学性能的影响,观察并测量了输入不同的能量密度时,烧结试件的成型效果和力学性能。结果表明：随着松木粉质量比的增加,木塑复合材料的力学性能降低。对于松木粉质量比为20％的木塑复合粉末,当输入的能量密度为0．128 J／mm3时,复合粉末即可成型;当输入的能量密度为0．312 J／mm3时,木塑复合材料的拉伸强度达到4．8465 MPa,弯曲强度为8．2152 MPa,冲击强度为1．2574 MPa,此时力学性能最强;若输入的能量密度大于0．312 J／mm3时,出现过烧现象,力学性能下降。采用扫描电镜对烧结件断面的形貌进行了表征。     

Adsorption, transport and degradation of fipronil termiticide in three Hawaii soils

BACKGROUND: The behavior of the termiticide fipronil in soils was studied to assess its potential to contaminate ground and surface water. This study characterizes (1) adsorption of fipronil in three different soils, (2) transport of fipronil through leaching and runoff under simulated rainfall in these soils and (3) degradation of fipronil to fipronil sulfide and fipronil sulfone in these soils. RESULTS: The adsorption experiments showed a Freundlich isotherm for fipronil with K_oc equal to 1184 L kg^?1. In the leaching experiments, the concentration of fipronil and its metabolites in leachate and runoff decreased asymptotically with time. The concentration of fipronil in the leachate from the three soils correlated inversely with soil organic carbon content. The degradation experiment showed that the half‐life of fipronil in the soils ranged from 28 to 34 days when soil moisture content was 75% of field capacities, and that 10.7–23.5% of the degraded fipronil was transformed into the two metabolites (fipronil sulfide and fipronil sulfone). CONCLUSION: Fipronil showed large losses through leaching but small losses via runoff owing to low volumes of runoff water generated and/or negligible particle‐facilitated transport of fipronil. The half‐life values of fipronil in all three soils were similar. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

天然植物提取物、半胱胺和二甲基砜对肉鸭生长性能和屠宰性能的影响

采用单因子试验设计,选择96只15日龄健康天府肉鸭研究半胱胺、植物提取物和二甲基砜对肉鸭生产性能和屠宰性能的影响。试验分为4个处理,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加植物提取物2000mg/kg、半胱胺500mg/kg和二甲基砜500mg/kg,试验期28d。饲养试验结束后屠宰,测定胸肌率,腿肌率和腹脂率。结果表明:①植物提取物显著提高平均日增重(P<0.05),极显著降低料肉比(P<0.01),对采食量无显著影响;②半胱胺和二甲基砜有提高动物平均日采食量和平均日增重的趋势;③植物提取物组肉鸭的胸肌率提高26.72%(P<0.01),腿肌率提高10.74%(P>0.05),腹脂率降低5.64%(P>0.05);④半胱胺和二甲基砜均有提高动物胸肌率和腿肌率的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

新型砜类化合物对辣椒枯萎病菌的抑菌作用初探

离体条件下采用生长速率法测得2-(苄基砜)-5-(2,4-二氯)苯基-1,3,4- NFDA1 二唑( 2008334 )对辣椒枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum菌丝生长具有较强的抑制作用,其EC50值为27.54 μ g/mL,与对照药剂 NFDA1 霉灵(EC50值为29.13 μ g/mL)相当;同时该化合物对辣椒枯萎病菌孢子萌发亦有一定的抑制作用,EC50值为41.37 μ g/mL。以质量浓度为100 μ g/mL的 2008334 处理辣椒枯萎病菌菌丝,在短时间内菌丝细胞膜通透性显著增强,菌体内还原糖及可溶性蛋白含量均出现先升高后下降的趋势。     

猪组织中丙硫咪唑亚砜和砜含量的液质联用测定方法的研究

采用液质联用方法检测了动物组织(肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、肌肉)中丙硫咪唑亚砜和丙硫咪唑砜含量,采用液液分配的提取方法,用乙酸乙酯、正己烷和甲醇:水(80:20,V/V)对样品进行处理和净化,welchrom-C<,18>(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱进行液相色谱一质谱法分析.结果显示以S/N=3为检测限,该方法...     

Test of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) for predicting runoff of atrazine, alachlor and fenamiphos species from conventional-tillage corn mesoplots

The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) is a comprehensive, integrated physical, biological and chemical process model that simulates plant growth and movement of water, nutrients and pesticides in a representative area of an agricultural system. We tested the ability of RZWQM to predict surface runoff losses of atrazine, alachlor, fenamiphos and two fenamiphos oxidative degradates against results from a 2-year mesoplot rainfall simulation experiment. Model inputs included site-specific soil properties and weather, but default values were used for most other parameters, including pesticide properties. No attempts were made to calibrate the model except for soil crust/seal hydraulic conductivity and an adjustment of pesticide persistence in near-surface soil. Approximately 2.5 (+/- 0.9), 3.0 (+/- 0.8) and 0.3 (+/- 0.2)% of the applied alachlor, atrazine and fenamiphos were lost in surface water runoff, respectively. Runoff losses in the 'critical' events--those occurring 24 h after pesticide application--were respectively 91 (+/- 5), 86 (+/- 6) and 96 (+/- 3)% of total runoff losses for these pesticides. RZWQM adequately predicted runoff water volumes, giving a predicted/observed ratio of 1.2 (+/- 0.5) for all events. Predicted pesticide concentrations and loads from the 'critical' events were generally within a factor of 2, but atrazine losses from these events were underestimated, which was probably a formulation effect, and fenamiphos losses were overestimated due to rapid oxidation. The ratios of predicted to measured pesticide concentrations in all runoff events varied between 0.2 and 147, with an average of 7. Large over-predictions of pesticide runoff occurred in runoff events later in the season when both loads and concentrations were small. The normalized root mean square error for pesticide runoff concentration predictions varied between 42 and 122%, with an average of 84%. Pesticide runoff loads were predicted with a similar accuracy. These results indicate that the soil-water mixing model used in RZWQM is a robust predictor of pesticide entrainment and runoff.     

丙硫苯咪唑及其代谢物在黄牛体内的药物动力学研究

给装置了皱胃瘘管的四头健康成年黄牛(体重217.50±42.91公斤)口服丙硫苯味唑(Albendazole),剂量:10mg/kg,给药后定时从颈静脉采血和从皱胃瘘管中收集皱胃液。用乙醚萃取法从血浆和皱胃上清液中提取药物。用高效液相色谱法测定血浆和皱胃液中的药物浓度。结果在胃液中的原药未能测出,而具有活性的代谢产物亚砜和砜于给药72小时后仍可测出。亚砜和砜的出现峰浓度时间(T_(max))分別为15.50±6.20h和22.80±6.70h:峰浓度(C_(max))分别为3.07±0.81μg/ml和4.91±1.45μg/ml;给药后血浆中原药亦未能测出,而具有活性的代谢物亚砜和砜在血浆中的药物动力学参数是:亚砜T_(1/2)Kel 20.46±5.43h,T_(max)15.50±5.75h,C_(max)0.50±0.21μg/ml:砜T_(1/2)Ke1 11.58±4.29h,T_(max)14.50±6.40h,C_(max)0.99±0.79μg/ml。上述结果,说明该药是长效的。.     

猪牛羊可食性组织中阿苯达唑残留检测方法研究

 建立了动物可食性组织中阿苯达唑及其主要代谢物亚砜和砜残留检测的高效液相色谱(HPLC)法。组织中3种残留物分别用乙醚、乙腈和正己烷提取和净化,氮气吹干,甲醇溶解,HPLC测定,内标法定量。该方法可检出猪、牛、羊肌肉、肝脏、肾脏组织中阿苯达唑、砜和亚砜的最低限量均为16.6 μg·kg-1,在16.6μg·kg-1浓度时,动物组织中阿苯达唑、砜和亚砜的平均回收率分别为7 5％～99％、8 0％～9 0％和61％～91％,日间变异系数均小于20％。用所建方法,对市场上动物可食性组织进行抽样检测,共抽检5 4份样     

丙硫咪唑治愈囊虫病猪胴体营养价值的综合研究

通过对治愈后囊虫病猪胴体各项理化指标分析、治疗药物残留量测试及囊尾蚴囊液理化性质、毒性分析,全面评价了治愈囊虫病猪胴体的营养价值,结果表明,治愈囊虫病猪胴体在各项营养学指标上与健康猪无明显变化,亦无治疗药物的残留及囊尾蚴囊液毒性蓄积。为治愈囊虫病猪胴体利用提供科学依据。