中国河西走廊东灰山和西灰山作物遗存研究

河西走廊是古代中原文化和西域文化的交叉地带,也是古丝绸之路的重要通道。为了给研究东西方物质和文化交流在中国农业发展史上的作用提供实物证据,对甘肃民乐东灰山和西灰山现有材料采用遗址剖面土壤样本浮选、分拣、鉴定和理化分析方法,以现代作物种子为对照,确定遗址炭化作物籽粒的种类、性状差异及年纪。结果显示,东灰山遗址发现了炭化小麦、大麦、谷子(粟)、糜子(黍、稷)、黑麦、荞麦和燕麦籽粒,以及胡桃壳、枣核等;西灰山遗址发现了炭化小麦、谷子、糜子和大麦籽粒;两个遗址的作物种植结构基本一致。东灰山和西灰山发现的作物以小麦最为古老,距今在3 800~3 600年之间,西灰山小麦种植历史稍早于东灰山。在新石器晚期至青铜器时代,河西走廊的粮食生产已有比较合理的作物种类结构,包括小麦、大麦、谷子、糜子、黑麦、荞麦和燕麦等。炭化小麦籽粒较小,且大小不均匀,说明人工选育程度低。如对东灰山和西灰山作物和植物遗存开展系统性发掘,可能还会有更多新发现或新认知。     

鳗鲡仔,幼鱼年龄生长的研究

辽东半岛黄海北部沿岸河口4—6月溯河的白仔鳗,全长53.5—64.5毫米,平均58.83毫米,体长频率高峰位于57.1—59.0 毫米体长组,其体长体重呈直线相关。白仔鳗与幼鳗群体的体长、体重则是指数相关,其方程为W=1.136×10~(-7) L~(3.3871)。12尾白仔鳗耳石平均日轮数为146.3,据此对其产卵期进行了推测,观察证实,在不同生态条件下生活过的幼鳗耳石的环纹有过渡带存在。     

黑龙江细鳞斜颌鲴鱼生长的研究

本文研究了镜泊湖细鳞斜颌鲴的年龄与生长。通过对细鳞斜颌鲴鳞片上形成的年轮鉴定和退算，镜泊湖细鳞斜融鲴的1龄鱼体长为5．5cm；2龄鱼12．6cm；3龄鱼18．2cm；4龄鱼23．1cm；5龄于26．8cm；6龄鱼29．0cm。体重与体长的相关表达式为：w=0.01287513.0553,r=0.999。根据Von.Bertalanffy的生长方程的理论公式运算，其生长参数：L∞=40.8cm;W∞=1024g;-k=0.244;to=0.332,r=0.998.tip=5.2龄；Tmax＝13．7龄。     

黄鳝的年龄鉴定和生长

用黄鳝的耳石,脊椎骨和舌骨三种材料相对照,对其年龄进行了鉴定。认为舌骨是黄鳝年龄鉴定比较理想的材料,并首次提出尾舌骨也可以作为年龄鉴定的材料。分析了体长,体重的分布,分别用幂函数关系和直线回归方程计算体长与体重的关系式,并进行比较。     

鸭绿江上游花羔红点鲑的年龄_生长_食性和繁殖的研究

花羔红点鲑的鳞片年累特征为疏密一切割混合型。体长和体重关系密切,属均匀性生长类型。主要以水生昆虫为食,对食物有明显的选择性;主要摄食季节为夏秋两季,但可终年摄食。雌雄鱼几乎２＋龄达到性成熟,产卵期为１０￣１１月,绝对繁殖力为２８０￣５００粒,每年产一次卵,属秋季产卵类型。产卵场底质为石砾,水深５０￣７０ｃｍ,水流速度１．５￣２．０ｍ／ｓ,水温一般为５￣８℃。     

Predicting the age of fish using general and generalized linear models of biometric data: A case study of two estuarine finfish from New South Wales, Australia

Direct ageing of fish can be a laborious and expensive task when age estimates from a large population are required, and often involves a degree of subjectivity. This study examined the application of general and generalized linear models that predict the age of fish from a range of efficiently and objectively measured covariates. The data sampled were from yellowfin bream (Acanthopagrus australis (Sparidae) (Owen, 1853)) and sand whiting (Sillago ciliata (Sillaginidae) Cuvier, 1829) populations from New South Wales, Australia. The covariates evaluated in the models were fish length, otolith weight, sex and location (the estuary from which the fish were sampled). Akaike Information Criteria were used for model selection and residual plots of the final models revealed a satisfactory fit to the observations. The best fitting model for each species included all covariates. An additional investigation considered whether general and generalized linear models that predict age from two different categories of biometric information outperform age-length keys with respect to subsequent estimates of total mortality from catch-curve analysis. The two categories of biometric information differed in the ease and cost with which the information could be collected. The first category only included fish length and location as covariates, whilst the second category also included otolith weight and sex. It was found that traditional age-length keys outperformed the predictive models that estimated age from only fish length and location, because the results from the models were prone to significant bias. However, when otolith weight and sex were added as covariates to the predictive models, some of them, including a generalized linear model with a Poisson-distributed response variable, performed similarly to the age-length key. Given that otolith weight and the sex of fish are cheaper to quantify than age from a sectioned otolith in many situations, general or generalized linear models may represent a cheaper and faster method of estimating mortality compared to age-length keys. Such models can also easily incorporate the influence of spatial, temporal and demographic variation.     

Age and growth of the largemouth perch Percichthys colhuapiensis in the Negro river, Argentine Patagonia

Largemouth perch (Percichthys colhuapiensis) represents one of the most economically important fish species in the Argentine Patagonia. However, little research has been done on the age and growth and population dynamics of this fish, though both studies are essential to properly deal with fisheries forecasts and management. As a contribution to elaborating management programmes for P. colhuapiensis, we evaluated the age and growth of this species in the Negro river via scale and whole otolith reading methods. The sample consisted of 579 specimens ranging in total length (TL) from 90 to 475 mm, captured seasonally from December 1994 to December 1995. The formation of scale annuli (end of winter) and the hyaline zone on otoliths (winter) of adult fish coincided with the beginning of the spawning season (end of winter-beginning of spring). The maximum estimated age was 11 years, which indicates that this is a relatively long-lived species. Otoliths were useful for ageing specimens 1–5 years-old, but above this age whole otoliths yielded lower age estimates than scales. Isometric growth of weight with length was found for total population, juveniles, and separate sexes (p > 0.25 in all cases). No significant differences between the length–weight relationships of sexes were observed (p > 0.10). Length at first maturity was significantly higher for males (TL₅₀ = 271 mm TL; r = 0.88) than for females (TL₅₀ = 243 mm TL; r = 0.96) (p < 0.01). Largemouth perch exhibited a consistent pattern of increase in length with age, with a period of fast growth during the first 5 years, and a slow-growing phase during the rest of his life. The growth parameters based on scale data were L∞: 462.1 mm, k = 0.23 and t₀ = −0.94 for total population, L∞: 402.3 mm, k = 0.33 and t₀ = −0.67 for males, and L∞: 548.4 mm, k = 0.15 and t₀ = −1.59 for females, whereas those based on otolith reading were L∞: 537.4 mm, k = 0.17 and t₀ = −1.0 for total population, L∞: 497.6 mm, k = 0.21 and t₀ = −0.79 for males, and L∞: 582.0 mm, k = 0.14 and t₀ = −1.53 for females. Scales are concluded to be the best structure to age P. colhuapiensis because they rendered L∞ values closer to the maximum TL observed, high precision, easiness of collection, low processing time, and the possibility of performing non-destructive monitoring studies.     

不同日龄略阳乌鸡生长发育观测及屠宰差异分析

为了探究略阳乌鸡在当前舍饲+放养的饲养模式下不同日龄的生长发育、屠宰性能差异性,采用饲养试验观测和测定了不同日龄略阳乌鸡公、母鸡的外貌、体重、屠宰性能和肉质营养分析等指标,并对试验数据进行了分析。结果表明：略阳乌鸡体重随着日龄的增大而增大,大日龄鸡的体重极显著地高于小日龄鸡,且公鸡体重极显著地高于同期母鸡;120d之后,略阳乌鸡外貌发育基本达到成年鸡要求;略阳乌鸡在150d测定的各项屠宰指标、鸡胸肉中蛋白质和脂肪含量均高于120d;鸡胸肉中全氨基酸（TAA）、必需氨基酸（EAA）和非必须氨基酸(NEAA)含量在日龄和性别间无显著差异。研究结果可为略阳乌鸡出栏时间的确定提供了一定数据参考。     

不同条件巴山冷杉枝叶精油含量比较

运用传统的水蒸气蒸馏法,分析了巴山冷杉(Abies fargesiiFranch)不同种源、同一种源不同器官和不同年龄的针叶和枝条中精油的含量。结果表明,岷山地区巴山冷杉精油含量较高,3 a生的针叶和枝条精油含量最高,而且相互之间差异显著,同一年龄的针叶精油含量远远高于枝条。