5龄蚕立体条桑育研究

研究了5龄立体饲育架制作，条桑收获及饲养技术，明确了全年采用立体条桑育对蚕茧产质量及桑树秋末生长的关系，条桑收获及饲育是一项省工高效的养蚕技术。     

SH系砧木及对应中间砧红富士苹果枝条水分输导阻力研究

为进一步揭示砧木的矮化机理 ,以SH系矮化砧木及相应中间砧红富士苹果为试材 ,在生长季测定砧木枝条及嫁接部位的水分输导阻力。结果表明 ,SH系砧木枝条及嫁接部位的水分输导阻力 ,随砧木矮化程度的升高而增大 ,表明水分输导阻力的增加 ,是导致嫁接树矮化的原因之一。     

枣不定芽再生体系的研究

以枣优良品种骏枣为试材,研究了多种因素对其离体叶片及大田幼嫩茎段再生效率的影响.结果表明,幼嫩茎段再生较容易.叶片再生与生长调节物质种类和浓度及叶片成熟度有关.枣叶片不定芽再生的最佳培养基为1/2MS(大量元素减半)+TDZ0.5mg/L+IBA0.2m/L.不定芽再生率以上部叶片最高.     

基于改进YOLOv8n的茶叶嫩稍检测方法

针对名优茶智能采摘中茶叶嫩梢识别精度不足的问题,该研究对YOLOv8n模型进行优化。首先,在主干网络中引入动态蛇形卷积（dynamic snake convolution,DSConv）,增强模型对茶叶嫩梢形状信息的捕捉能力;其次,将颈部的路径聚合网络（path aggregation network,PANet）替换为加权双向特征金字塔网络（bi-directional feature pyramid network,BiFPN）,强化模型的特征融合效能;最后,在颈部网络的每个C2F模块后增设了无参注意力模块（simple attention module,SimAM）,提升模型对茶叶嫩梢的识别关注度。试验结果表明,改进后的模型比原始模型的精确率（precision,P）、召回率（recall,R）、平均精确率均值（mean average precision,mAP）、F1得分（F1 score,F1）分别提升了4.2、2.9、3.7和3.3个百分点,推理速度为42 帧/s,模型大小为6.7 MB,满足低算力移动设备的部署条件。与Faster-RCNN、YOLOv5n、YOLOv7n和YOLOv8n目标检测算法相比,该研究提出的改进模型精确率分别高出57.4、4.4、4.7和4.2个百分点,召回率分别高出53.0、3.6、2.8和2.9个百分点,平均精确率均值分别高出58.9、5.0、4.6和3.7个百分点,F1得分分别高出了56.8、3.9、3.7和3.3个百分点,在茶叶嫩梢检测任务中展现出了更高的精确度和更低的漏检率,能够为名优茶的智能采摘提供算法参考。     

Influence of total soluble salt concentration on growth and elemental concentration of winged bean seedlings,Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.

Abstract

Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) (L.) DC) seedlings of the accession TPT‐1, were grown in a greenhouse with graded, balanced total soluble salt (TSS) concentrations. After 4.5 days, plant height increased quadratically, with a maximum (149 cm) at 3000 ppm TSS. Seedlings were shortest at 1000 and 10,000 ppm TSS, 44.0 and 79.0 cm, respectively. Fresh weight of shoots increased quadratically with greatest weight, 29.03 g, at 5000 ppm TSS. Percent dry matter increased linearly with increasing TSS. Concentration of N, K and P increased quadratically with an increase in the TSS concentration in the growth medium. Concentration of Ca decreased quadratically with increasing TSS. Among the micronutrients, Fe and Mo concentration was quadratic, both elements were highest in the seedlings at 1000 and 10,000 ppm TSS rates. Concentrations of Mn and Zn increased linearly with increasing TSS. Winged bean seedlings at the 1000 to 3000 ppm TSS rates had spindly stems and a sparse, yellow foliage, typical for winged bean seedlings observed in the field during the first 4 to 5 weeks of growth. Seedlings at the 4000 and 5000 ppm TSS rates had sturdy stems and an abundant green foliage. At higher TSS concentrations, 5000 to 10,000 ppm TSS, seedlings had short intermodes and dark green foliage.     

＇早红＇草莓高效遗传转化受体系统的建立

本文以草莓主栽品种‘早红’组培苗离体叶片和叶柄为外植体,进行叶龄、暗培养、植物生长调节剂配比及抗生素敏感性研究,建立草莓高效遗传转化的受体系统。在含3.0mg/L6-BA与0.1mg/L2,4-D的MS培养基上,30d叶龄的叶片再生频率高达98.31%,平均每叶片再生芽数5.09个,叶柄切段的再生频率为89.25%,平均每叶柄切段再生芽数4.92个,叶片的再生频率略高于叶柄;不定芽在含0.2mg/L6-BA与0.2mg/LGA3的MS继代培养基上培养成苗。将生长状态良好的不定芽转至含0.2mg/LIBA的1/2MS培养基上生根,生根率达100%,平均生根数量16.27条,平均根长1.85cm。抗生素敏感性试验表明,草莓外植体适宜的卡那霉素选择压力为25mg/L,头孢霉素的筛选浓度为300mg/L。本研究建立的再生体系可作为草莓遗传转化的受体系统。     

大豆胚尖不定芽对NaCl耐性的研究

以大豆胚尖为外植体,研究NaCl胁迫对大豆黑农37和吉育91胚尖不定芽形成的影响.结果表明,大豆胚尖诱导不定芽对NaCl胁迫反应较敏感,随着NaCl浓度的增高,两个基因型胚尖不定芽诱导率、芽数和芽长都显著降低,25mmol/L NaCl显著地抑制了黑农37胚尖不定芽的形成与生长.     

刀削结合滚动摩擦进料竹笋剥皮机设计与试验

针对目前我国竹笋剥皮机械化程度低的问题,设计一种刀削结合滚动摩擦进料竹笋剥皮机。根据竹笋物理特性参数和人工剥笋原理,对竹笋剥皮过程进行力学与运动学分析,确定了影响剥皮效率、损伤率和剥净率的主要因素为刀片安装倾角、剥皮辊转速以及滚筒与剥皮辊轴心高度差,在此基础上,给出了竹笋剥皮机关键部件的设计依据。为获得样机最佳试验物料,以竹笋长度、基部直径作为试验因素进行单因素试验,确定长度为300～320mm、基部直径为29～32mm的竹笋作为剥皮机正交试验物料样本。利用Design-Expert软件设计三因素三水平正交试验,并结合实际工作情况确定最优参数组合,结果表明：当刀片安装倾角为30.12°、剥皮辊转速为229.18r/min、滚筒与剥皮辊轴心高度差为15.43mm时,笋肉损伤率为6.81%,笋皮剥净率为94.59%。在该条件下开展验证试验,得到损伤率、剥净率分别为7.10%、93.22%,与优化参数基本一致,满足剥笋要求。     

Mass propagation of Satyrium nepalense D.Don.—A medicinal orchid via seed culture

An in vitro plant regeneration protocol was successfully established in Satyrium nepalense, a terrestrial orchid by culturing immature seeds from unripe fruits. Seeds were germinated on Murashige and Skoog, Knudson C and Knudson C modified Morel medium. The germination of the seeds and development of protocorm was highest in MS medium (86.7%) followed by Knudson C modified Morel medium (74%) and Knudson C medium (61.2%). Among the cytokinins tried for multiple shoot induction from the protocorm, 1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-urea (TDZ) was found to be superior. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was effective for inducing healthy roots. Well-developed plantlets were hardened in vermicompost (leaf litter + cow dung 1:1), sand and coconut husk (1:1:1).     

花椰菜雄性不育系组培快繁及无糖培养技术

以花椰菜雄性不育亲本的花球为外植体,进行组培快繁及无糖生产技术的研究。结果表明：在MS＋BA 1.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.3 mg/L的培养基上诱导,25 d时不定芽的分化率达到96%,继代增殖在MS＋BA 0.6 mg/L＋NAA 0.1 mg/L的培养基效果最好,增殖率可达4.25倍。无糖组织培养的培养基为MS无机成分＋NAA 0.1,光照4 000 lx,CO2浓度1 000 mL/L,11 d可大量生根。通过上述方法,1个花球,在4个月可生产上万株组培苗,是一种高效快速的方法。