Effects of glutathione treatments during sperm washing and in vitro fertilization on the in vitro early development of embryos of Japanese Black cattle

This study was conducted to examine the effects of adding glutathione (1 mM) to media used for sperm washing and in vitro fertilization (IVF) on the improvement of early development of embryos produced using cryopreserved spermatozoa of the less IVF-competent bull (the one considered unqualified as spermatozoa supplier for the production of bovine blastocysts using IVF). The cryopreserved spermatozoa of this bull were characterized by normal motility and lower ATP content and blastocyst productivity than those of IVF-competent bulls. The addition of glutathione to the sperm washing medium was more effective in improving the productivity of blastocysts and ATP content than the addition of glutathione to the IVF medium or no glutathione addition at all (control). These results suggest that this simple method may be used to improve the potential of cryopreserved spermatozoa of less IVF-competent bulls to fertilize oocytes in vitro and to induce normal embryonic development after fertilization.     

High concentration of extracellular ATP causes autophagy and apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells

AIM：To examine the effects of high concentration of extracellular ATP on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell injury. METHODS：Cultured SH-SY5Y cells were grouped according to the concentrations of ATP and treatment time. The cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay. The variation of autophagic vacuoles was observed with monodansylcadaverine staining. The cell apoptosis was analyzed by Hoechst 33258 staining. Meanwhile, apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry. The levels of caspase-3 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-Ⅱ (LC3-Ⅱ) were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS：Compared with control group, the survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells was significantly reduced by ATP at different concentrations (3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 mmol/L for 3 h) and different treatment time (1, 2, 3 and 6 h with 6 mmol/L ATP, peaking at 3 h). The autophagic vacuoles of SH-SY5Y cells were significantly increased at 1 h with ATP treatment, trended to decrease over time and returned to control level at 6 h. The protein expression of LC3-Ⅱ was significantly increased at 1 h with ATP treatment, which was consistent with the time points of increasing autophagic vacuoles. LC3-Ⅱ expression level gradually decreased at 2~3 h with ATP treatment, and returned to control level at 6 h. Compared with control group, the apoptotic rate and the expression level of caspase-3 were enhanced synchronously. The peak of apoptotic rate occurred at 3 h, and kept until 6 h.The level of cleaved caspase-3 expression peaked at 6 h. CONCLUSION：High concentration of extracellular ATP induces the autophagy and apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells. The increased autophagy shows up, followed by the climax of apoptosis until 6 h. With the prolonged duration of ATP, apoptosis is the main process in the cells.     

Evaluation of Root Sink Ability of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) Cultivars on the Basis of Enzymatic Activity in the Starch Synthesis Pathway

Activities of five enzymes, sucrose synthase (SUS), uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (UDPGPPase), fructose-1,6 bisphosphatase (FBPase), adenosine 5'diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (ADPGPPase) and starch synthase (STS), in the metabolic pathway of starch synthesis, were compared between two sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas Lam.) cultivars, Koganesengan (C.V.KOG, a recently released high yield cultivar) and Tsurunasigenji (C.V.TSU, an old, local cultivar with poor yield). The measurements were carried out using the root samples (tuberous, thick and fibrous roots) harvested at the fast tubering stage. Of the five enzymes, SUS, ADPGPPase and STS showed high activities in the tuberous root, particularly in that of C.V.KOG, and a similar trend was observed for activities of these enzymes on a protein basis. The increased activity of the three enzymes is considered to be one of the characteristics in a high yield cultivar, allowing the root to function effectively as a starch synthesis and storage organ.     

采收期对阿克苏地区灰枣cAMP含量的影响研究

[目的]研究测定灰枣cAMP含量的新方法及灰枣采收期对其cAMP含量的影响.[方法]以阿克苏地区灰枣为研究对象,建立了HPLC法测定灰枣中cAMP含量的定量测定方法,并对不同采收时期的灰枣及其制干产品的cAMP含量进行了测定.[结果]试验表明,HPLC测定cAMP含量的色谱条件为:选用Inertsil ODS-3色谱柱(4.6 ×250 ×5 μm)、以10％甲醇-90％的浓度为0.167 8％甲酸溶液为流动相、柱温30℃、流速0.8 ml/min、检测波长254nm测定灰枣中的cAMP含量,cAMP浓度在1.0～100.0 μg/ml范围内与峰面积具有良好的线性关系,R2=0.9990,且其精密性高、重现性好、加标回收率高(＞98％,RSD值为1.38％).灰枣采收时期对鲜枣及其制干产品的cAMP含量有显著影响(达到0.01显著水平).[结论]阿克苏地区灰枣在10月24日至10月31日期间采收,有利于保持较高的cAMP含量,此期采收的鲜灰枣及其干枣的cAMP含量分别为75.237和294.097μg/g左右.研究可为新疆阿克苏地区红枣产业化发展提供科学参考.     

应用亲水作用液相色谱法测定红花注射液腺苷含量

试验采用氨基柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm粒径,10nm孔径),流动相A:CH3CN;流动相B:5 mM乙酸铵水溶液;梯度:0～5 min(5%～30%B),50～60 min(30%B);检测波长:270 nm;流速:1.0 mL/min。旨在亲水作用色谱模式下,建立测定红花注射液中腺苷含量的方法。结果表明:腺苷浓度在2.5～20μg/mL范围内,线性关系良好,平均回收率为98.56%,RSD为3.17%(n=9)。该方法简便、快速、准确,结果可靠。     

Effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia on AMPK pathway in young rats

AIM: To investigate the effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia on AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) pathway in the brain of young rats. METHODS: Part one: SD mice(3~4 weeks old) were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=8): simulated air control group for 2 weeks(2AC), chronic intermittent hypoxia group for 2 weeks(2IH), simulated air control group for 4 weeks(4AC) and chronic intermittent hypoxia group for 4 weeks(4IH). Part two: SD mice(3~4 weeks old) were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=8): chronic intermittent hypoxia group for 4 weeks(4IH) and chronic intermittent hypoxia group treated with AMPK inhibitor for 4 weeks(4IHI). After modeling, the eight-arm maze test was performed. TUNEL method was used to detect the neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampal and prefrontal cortical tissues. The mRNA expression of adenosine A2a receptor was examined by RT-qPCR, and the protein levels of phosphorylated AMPK(p-AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin(p-mTOR) were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the numbers of reference memory error(RME), working memory error(WME) and total error(TE) in 2IH group and 4IH group significantly increased(P<0.01). Compared with 2IH group, the numbers of errors in 4IH group also increased significantly(P<0.01). Compared with 4IH group, the values in 4IHI group significantly decreased. Compared with control group, the neuronal apoptosis of hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in 2IH group and 4IH group increased, and that in 4IH group was more evident(P<0.05). In 4IHI group, the neuronal apoptosis decreased. The mRNA expression of adenosine A2a receptor in the hippocampal and cortical tissues in 2IH group and 4IH group was higher than that in control group. The protein level of p-AMPK was higher, and p-mTOR was lower in 2IH group and 4IH group, and those in 4IH group were more evident(P<0.05). Compared with 4IH group, the protein level of p-AMPK was lower, and p-mTOR was higher in 4IHI group. CONCLUSION: Chronic intermittent hypoxia induces neuronal apoptosis, resulting in impairment of learning and memory in a time-dependent manner by upregulating adenosine A2a receptor, activating AMPK activity, and inhibiting mTOR phosphorylation in rats.     

内毒素诱导的山羊红细胞膜和肝线粒体膜Ca2+-ATP酶活性的改变及654-2的保护作用

 通过静脉注射的方法研究了大肠杆菌内毒素(ET)对山羊红细胞膜和肝粒体膜损伤的膜Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性的变化及654-2(山莨菪碱)的保护效应。结果表明,ET处理组(ⅱ组)在1h,3h红细胞膜Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性高于对照组(iv组)(p<0.05),5h有下降趋势且持续到9h.12h开始回升并低于iv组(p<0.01,p<0.05).654-2处理组(ⅲ组),Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性除在9h、12h与iv组,在3h与ⅱ组差异不显着(p>0.05)外,均高于iv组和ⅱ组(p<0.01,p<0.05).在肝线粒体中,ⅱ组Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性在5h、12h均低于iv组和ⅱ组(p<0.05,p<0.01),ⅲ组Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性均高于iv组,但12h与iv组差异不显着(p>0.05).结果提示,ET具有诱导膜Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性先激活后顿抑的效应,而654-2有明显保护膜Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性的作用。     

蝙蝠蛾拟青霉高产腺苷液体培养基优化

为了提高蝙蝠蛾拟青霉菌株RCEF0936腺苷的代谢量,以腺苷含量为指标,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC),在单因子试验的基础上通过正交试验对其高产腺苷的液体培养基进行优化研究。结果表明,在培养温度25℃、摇床转速140rpm/min、摇瓶装液量100ml/250ml、接种量5%、培养时间6d的条件下,蝙蝠蛾拟青霉菌株RCEF0936的高产腺苷的最佳液体培养基配方为:葡萄糖2%,酵母浸出粉2%,硫酸锰0.05%,硫酸锌0.05%;试验中选择的4种因子对蝙蝠蛾拟青霉菌株RCEF0936菌丝体中腺苷含量的影响由大到小依次是硫酸锌酵母浸出粉硫酸锰葡萄糖,且均达到极显著水平(P0.01)。利用优化的培养基培养的蝙蝠蛾拟青霉菌株RCEF0936菌丝体中腺苷含量可达到2.85mg/g,比优化前提高了390%,经统计学分析,两者差异极显著(P0.01)。