中华鲟硬组织微结构及微化学的特征探索

为了在中华鲟洄游生态学研究上有新突破,实验首次比较研究了中华鲟3种硬组织(耳石、背骨板和胸鳍条)的微结构和微化学特征.结果 发现,耳石结构松散,存在多个耳砂(微晶球霰石球晶)颗粒,且每个颗粒均具有独立的核心;背骨板存在分层现象;胸鳍条结构较为致密,且均一.胸鳍条、耳石中生境元素Co/Ca、Sr/Ca和Ba/Ca比特征变...     

小体鲟卵黄雌性蛋白分离纯化及抗血清的研制

采用凝胶柱层析法,对小体鲟(Acipenser ruthenusLinnaeus)卵黄蛋白粗提液进行分离纯化。小体鲟卵黄蛋白粗提液的质量浓度为25.04 mg/mL,经Sephadex G-200层析后出现3个蛋白峰。用聚丙烯凝胶电泳、免疫印迹(Western-blotting)和免疫扩散等方法研究表明,小体鲟卵黄蛋白由分子量分别为132.1 kD、97.4 kD、85.9 kD、67.0 kD、59.2 kD、47.6 kD、30 kD、14.3 kD和12.8 kD的9个亚基组成;层析后峰B蛋白为卵黄雌性特异蛋白(yolk female specific protein,YFSP),是一种糖脂磷蛋白,具有雌性特异性和组织特异性,抗体具有种属特异性。Western-blotting结果表明,卵黄雌性特异蛋白(YFSP)与血清雌性蛋白(FSSP)免疫印迹图谱上都显示分子量为97.4 kD和30 kD的2条杂交带,可见两种蛋白在免疫原性上具有相似性,可以用卵黄雌性蛋白抗血清代替卵黄蛋白原抗血清对卵黄蛋白原进行检测     

中华鲟胚胎细胞的冷冻保存及其核移植

为了保存濒危鱼类中华鲟种质资源,对其囊胚细胞和原肠细胞进行了冷冻保存和核移植试验。用二甲亚砜(DMSO)、1,2-丙二醇(PG)、羟乙基淀粉(HES)3种抗冻剂,配制4种冷冻保护液:CP1(12%D)、CP2(10%P)、CP3(8%D 6%E)、CP4(7%P 6%E),冷冻细胞存活率分别为47.4%±4.7%、64.4%±3.6%、54.7%±4.7%、76.7%±5.7%,CP4保存效果最好,说明添加非渗透型抗冻剂羟乙基淀粉能提高冷冻保存细胞的存活率。比较了两种冷冻方法,发现细胞在-7℃平衡30min之后直接投入液氮的一步冷冻降温法是可行的。对不同发育时期的胚胎细胞冷冻存活率进行了比较,结果表明原肠细胞冷冻存活率(64.4%±11.8%)明显比囊胚细胞的(57.1%±11.2%)高(P<0.05)。用冷冻复苏后的囊胚细胞和原肠细胞作供体,以中华鲟未受精卵作受体进行核移植,各移植了469和392枚卵,分别获得了5尾和2尾克隆鱼,核移植成功率分别为1.1%和0.5%。表明可通过冷冻保存胚胎细胞结合核移植技术保存鱼类种质资源。     

史氏鲟南移驯养及生物学的研究 Ⅰ.1龄鱼的生长特性

首次将史氏鲟从黑龙江南移至长江流域人工条件下驯养,培育成１龄幼鱼,１１月龄的个体最大体重为１０５３克,均重６０６克;最大体长为８９８毫米,均长５６９毫米。幼鱼的最适生长水温为１９．８℃在１７—２１℃水温条件下,生长迅速。１龄鱼全长与体重的关系式为Ｗ＝０．００１３０２Ｌ３．２２６８（ｒ＝０．９９９６）,体重生长曲线公式为Ｗ＝６．７７７８９２ｅ０．３８５５ｔ（ｒ＝０．９９３５）。     

电麻醉对西伯利亚鲟幼鱼行为特性与血清离子浓度的影响

研究了不同强度电麻醉对西伯利亚鲟幼鱼行为特性与血清离子浓度的影响。西伯利亚鲟电麻醉阶段包括部分失去平衡期、完全失去平衡期、完全麻醉期和鳃动停止期等4个时期。电麻醉时西伯利亚鲟呈现趋阳性;随着电压升高,到达各麻醉阶段时间与恢复时间逐渐缩短。西伯利亚鲟到达完全麻醉期时间在15 V、20 V、25 V、35 V组间均有显著差异,在30 V与35 V时分别仅为97.0 s和68.8 s,而恢复时间为0 s。各试验组西伯利亚鲟在电麻醉时鳃动频率均增加,而恢复阶段均降低。电麻醉对西伯利亚鲟摄食与活动状态均无显著影响。随着电压升高,钾离子与镁离子浓度先下降后上升,钙离子则先上升后下降。钠离子与氯离子浓度变化较大,均是15 V组时浓度最低,20 V时浓度最高。磷离子浓度呈现增高趋势。pH值在麻醉后降低,对照组与其余各组均有显著性差异。因此西伯利亚鲟幼鱼适宜电麻醉强度为25~30 V,电麻醉是种较好的麻醉方法,具有广泛的应用前景。     

温度对施氏鲟幼鱼摄食、生长和肠道消化酶活性的影响

研究不同养殖温度(15℃、18℃、21℃、24℃、27℃)对施氏鲟(Acipenser schrenckii)幼鱼摄食、生长和肠道消化酶活性的影响。结果表明,在15～24℃范围内,幼鱼的特定生长率(SGR)和相对增重率(RWG)随温度的升高而显著增加(P<0.05),均在24℃时达到最高值;随着温度升高,其饵料系数(FC)先降低后升高(P<0.05),且在24℃时达到最小值;此外,摄食率(FR)随着温度的升高而显著升高(P<0.05),其不同温度组的生长速度由高到低依次为24℃、21℃、27℃、18℃、15℃组。温度对幼鱼前肠蛋白酶活性影响显著,24℃组和27℃组前肠的蛋白酶活性显著低于15℃组(P<0.05),而温度对中肠和后肠蛋白酶活性则无显著性影响(P>0.05);温度对幼鱼肠道脂肪酶活性无显著性影响(P>0.05),各温度组前肠脂肪酶活性均高于中肠和后肠;温度对幼鱼肠道淀粉酶活性无显著性影响(P>0.05)。综合以上结果认为,施氏鲟幼鱼快速生长的适宜温度范围为21～24℃,在此温度范围内施氏鲟幼鱼可获得最大生长率和存活率。     

氟离子对西伯利亚鲟胚胎发育的影响

本试验在水温17±1℃的条件下,采用半静态式生物毒性试验方法,探讨了氟离子(F-)对西伯利亚鲟胚胎发育的影响。结果表明,100~600 mg/L氟暴露会导致胚胎孵化延迟,氟暴露组半数孵化时间(MHT)比对照组推迟9~22 h。氟暴露同时导致胚胎死亡率显著增加(P<0.05),出膜仔鱼活力减弱、存活时间缩短、畸形率显著升高(P<0.05),出现卵黄囊畸形、脊椎畸形、眼部充血等畸形症状。试验得出F-致西伯利亚鲟胚胎144 h半致死浓度(LC50)为447.61 mg/L,孵化安全浓度(SC)为4.48 mg/L,导致仔鱼畸形的半数效应浓度(EC50)为536 mg/L。氟对西伯利亚鲟胚胎的安全质量浓度低于我国部分高氟地区地下水、地表水及人为氟污染水域中氟含量,提示天然水体中氟可能会对鱼类胚胎产生负面影响,应引起重视。     

Potential for reintroduction of lake sturgeon in five northern Lake Michigan tributaries: a habitat suitability perspective

• 1. Conservation and rehabilitation efforts for lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens throughout the Great Lakes include the re‐establishment of self‐sustaining stocks in systems where they have been extirpated.
• 2. Information on the suitability of potential lake sturgeon habitat in tributaries is important for determining their capacity to support lake sturgeon stocking and to develop system‐specific rehabilitation strategies.
• 3. Geo‐referenced habitat information characterizing substrate composition, water depth, and stream gradient were applied to a life‐stage specific lake sturgeon habitat suitability index in a geographic information system to produce spatially explicit models of life‐stage specific habitat characteristics in five northern Lake Michigan tributaries from which lake sturgeon have been extirpated.
• 4. Habitat models indicated that high quality lake sturgeon spawning and staging habitat comprised 0 to 23% and 0 to 9% of the available habitat, respectively, whereas high quality juvenile lake sturgeon habitat was relatively ubiquitous throughout each river and comprised 39 to 99%.
• 5. Comparison of these data to lake sturgeon habitat availability in Lake Michigan tributaries currently supporting populations indicated that spawning and staging habitats may limit the ability of these systems to support spawning. Efforts to re‐establish lake sturgeon populations in these systems should consider the creation of spawning and staging habitat to increase reproductive and recruitment potential prior to the initiation of stocking efforts.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用磁珠富集法制备史氏鲟的微卫星分子标记

采用生物素-磁珠富集法与放射性同位素杂交法相结合的方式,研究了史氏鲟Acipenser schrencki基因组的微卫星资源。结果表明:在得到的1 400多个细菌中,有300多个阳性克隆,将其中96个进行测序,在这些序列中共有115个微卫星核心序列,含99个重复次数大于10次的微卫星核心序列。其中完美型标记40个,占40.4%;非完美型标记52个,占52.5%;混合型标记共7个,占7.1%。随机选取侧翼序列较长的50个序列,依据引物设计原理设计引物50对,经3次PCR筛选,有28对引物可得到稳定的特异性扩增;同时利用史氏鲟的6个个体检验了这些位点的多态性,并统计了等位基因数,发现有22对等位基因具有良好的多态性。     

Retracted: Gonad histology and serum 11‐KT profile during the annual reproductive cycle in sterlet sturgeon adult males,Acipenser ruthenus

The aim of this study was to assess monthly testicular development in the cultured breeding stock of sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus, using histological and serum sex steroid changes. Testicular development in the adult male was examined monthly and showed four distinct phases including resting, pre‐spawning, spawning and post‐spawning. Also, seasonal changes of the testes were described according to its variations in gonadosomatic index (GSI) during different phases of testicular development. Using histology, we identified continuous spermatogenesis and asynchronous gonad development pattern in the testes of male sterlet, which shows that regulation of annual gonadal cycle is influenced by season. Results also showed variation in the GSI value and number of spermatogenic cells according to each season during annual cycle of gonad, as the highest value of GSI was recorded during spawning phase (spring; March‐May). Hormonal profiles of 11‐ketotestosterone (11‐KT) showed peak, which indicated a seasonal pattern of gonadal development. The 11‐KT concentration increased considerably during the spermatogenesis (pre‐spawning phase) and remained quite high throughout the pre‐spermiation period. In the final phase of testicular development (spawning phase), the 11‐KT markedly dropped. This study undertook an examination of complete reproductive development in cultured sterlet sturgeon to provide a valuable guide for the future sterlet studies, and allows comparison of reproductive development between sturgeon species.