Epidemiology of beet necrotic yellow vein virus in sugar beet at different initial inoculum levels in the presence or absence of irrigation

A field experiment was set up in 1988 to study the development of rhizomania disease of sugar beet at different inoculum levels of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) in soil. Five, tenfold different, inoculum levels were created by addition of the approximate amounts of 0, 0.5, 5, 50 and 500 kg infested soil per ha (the latter corresponding to 0.01% v/v calculated to the tillage layer). A drip irrigation treatment was applied to study the influence of soil moisture on disease. Susceptible sugar beet, cv. Regina, was grown for three consecutive years.In the first year, root symptoms were not observed, but BNYVV-infected plants were detected by ELISA in low numbers at all inoculum levels at harvest. After late drilling in 1989, high numbers of infected plants, up to 90–100% in plots with the highest inoculum level, were detected already in June. Root symptoms were also observed from June onwards. In both these years disease incidence increased in time and was significantly influenced by the initial inoculum level. In the third year, the whole field was heavily diseased, and only for the non-irrigated plots incidence differed for different initial inoculum levels. The expression of symptoms by BNYVV-infected plants was influenced by initial inoculum level, thus by the amount and timing of primary infection.Root weight at harvest was not affected, but sugar content decreased with increasing inoculum level already in 1988, leading to a reduction in sugar yield of 10% at the highest inoculum level. In 1989, both root weight and sugar content decreased progressively with increasing inoculum level, resulting in sugar yield reductions of 11–66% (down to approximately 3000 kg ha^–1) for low to high inoculum levels compared to the control. As the control plots became contaminated, all yields were low in 1990, still showing a decrease with increasing inoculum level in the non-irrigated plots, but an overall mean sugar yield of 3323 kg ha^–1 for the irrigated ones.Sodium and -amino nitrogen content of the root, additional quality parameters determining extractability of sucrose, showed an increase and decrease, respectively, with increasing initial inoculum level already in the first year. The relative differences in contents compared to those from the control were largest for Na content. A significant negative correlation was found between Na (mmol kg^–1 root) and sugar content (% of fresh weight); linear for 1988, exponential for 1989 and 1990.In spring 1989, the infestation of individual plots was assessed using a quantitative bioassay estimating most probable numbers (MPNs) of infective units of BNYVV per 100 g dry soil. The relationship between the MPns determined and root weight, sugar content and sugar yield at harvest could be described by Gompertz curves. The increase in disease incidence with increasing MPN in 1989 was adequately fitted with a logistic equation.     

“Eggshell49”对蛋鸡蛋壳品质的影响

选400羽59周龄棕色海兰（HY—Line）种用蛋鸡作试验,随机分试验组和对照组,每组200羽。两组基础日粮及饲养管理相同,试验组添加“Eggshell49”1公斤／吨,对照组不添加,试验期为10周。试验结果：试验组比对照组产蛋率提高1．75％,不合格蛋降低1,19％（破蛋、软蛋、畸形蛋、白色蛋）,蛋壳的比重增加1．47％（P〈0.01）,蛋壳厚度增加6．8％（P〈0．01）,蛋壳强度增加12．8％（P〈0．05）,哈氏单位提高33.3％,这说明在日粮中添加“Eggshell49”有明显改善蛋壳的品质的效果。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征基因标记疫苗株NP49-ELISA鉴别诊断方法的建立

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV）rHN4-△25＋NP49株是新型基因标记弱毒疫苗候选株,为了配合对该基因标记疫苗免疫猪血清抗体的鉴别诊断,本研究以标记基因编码的NP49（新城疫病毒NP蛋白C末端49个氨基酸,即NP49）多肽作为包被抗原,建立标记疫苗免疫猪血清中NP49抗体的ELISA鉴别诊断方法。通过对NP49-ELISA工作条件的优化,结果显示NP49-ELISA的多肽抗原最适包被浓度为500ng／孔,被检血清最佳稀释度为1：40。利用ROC曲线法确定S／P临界值为0．2,该方法批内与批间重复试验的变异系数均小于10％,与几种常见猪病阳性血清无交叉反应,具有较好重复性和特异性。本研究建立的NP49．ELISA鉴别诊断方法为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征新型基因标记疫苗的临床应用提供了有力保障。     

吖啶橙免疫荧光菌团培养浓集法快速检出鸡白痢和禽伤寒沙门氏菌的研究

本文报告经作者实验研究提出的吖啶橙免疫荧光菌团培养浓集法(AOIFBC法)用于人工感染雏肠内容物中S.P和S.g检出的结果:从109例感染雏中分离S.p.,并与常规分离培养对照。本法阳性率31.2％,漏检率3.7％;常规法阳性率17.4％,漏检率17.4％,二者阳性率差异显著(P<0.05),漏检率差异非常显著(P<0.01)离心沉淀物荧光菌团检查与沉淀物分离培养验证结果比较,二者符合率85.3％。从92例感染雏中分离S.g.,与常规分离培养对照。本法阳性率26.1％,漏检率2.2％;常规法阳性率19.6％,漏检率8.7％,二者阳性率和漏检率差异不显著(P>0.05)。离心沉淀物荧光菌团检查与沉淀物分离验证结果比较,二者符合率90.2％。     

新城疫免疫雏鸡抗体动力学的研究

本实验以血凝抑制(HI)试验和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)为检测手段,对以点眼和滴鼻途径接种新城疫B_1系疫苗的无特定病原(SPF)雏鸡(1日龄首免、14日龄二免)进行血清抗体消长规律的测定,同时对两种试验结果进行比较,力图为制定合理的免疫程序提供理论依据,为ELISA在我国鸡新城疫群体免疫中的应用提供新资料。实验结果表明:新生雏鸡抗体产生系统发育迅速,4日龄即可在血液中检测到HI抗体,经两次免疫后,27日龄达最高值,HI抗体在2~4以上的持续期为50d。14日龄前,ELISA未能检测到ND特异性抗体,而HI试验能准确地反映ND抗体的消长规律,两试验无相关性。二免之后,两试验所反映的抗体消长规律基本相同,二者检测的血清抗体水平具有相对平行的关系,且ELISA的敏感性高于HI试验。在SPF雏鸡14日龄进行第二次免疫接种后的免疫应答中,Ig~G是其主要免疫球蛋白。     

甘蔗新品种桂糖49号的选育与种性评价

桂糖49号是广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所以赣蔗14号作母本、新台糖22号作父本进行有性杂交,经多年选育而成的甘蔗新品种,2015年6月通过广西农作物品种审定委员会审定。多年多点试验表明,桂糖49号出苗率高,分蘖力强,分蘖成茎率高,有效茎多,中大茎,蔗茎均匀,实心,易脱叶,抗倒伏;宿根发株率高,宿根性强;早熟、高糖、高产、稳产、不易孕穗开花、综合性状优良、适应性广。2013—2015年广西区试2年新植1年宿根蔗茎产量104.29 t·hm~(-2),比新台糖22号(CK)增产10.39%;11月至翌年2月平均蔗糖分14.80%,比CK同期高0.56%(绝对值),平均含糖量15.43 t·hm~(-2),比CK提高14.64%;2014年生产试验平均蔗茎产量105.89 t·hm~(-2),比CK增产10.18%。     

四川麻鸭染色体组型分析

本试验分析了四川麻鸭(Anas platyrbynchos domestica)的染色组型。染色体数目2n=80(♂、♀)。染色体基本臂数为86(♂)或85(♀)。性染色体为ZZ(♂)/ZW(♀)型。1号和2号染色体分别属亚中部(sm)和中部(m)着丝粒染色体。Z染色体(4号)属亚端部(st)着丝粒染色体。W染色体(大小相当于8号)和其余常染色体均属端着丝粒(T)染色体。     

枯叶蛾平腹小蜂(Anastatus sp.)生物学特性的观察

枯叶蛾平腹小蜂是马尾松毛虫卵寄生蜂的优势种类。在林内一年可发生2—4代,室内可繁殖六代,以预蛹在寄主卵内越冬,次年四月中、下旬开始羽化。在寄主卵内发育历期为18—22天,各虫态历期为;卵2—3天,幼虫(包括预蛹)7—8天,蛹9—11天。每一寄主卵内只可发育出一头蜂。雌蜂寿命在给食时平均为47.3天。野外调查雌雄性比为1.27:1;室内繁蜂以柞蚕卵作为寄主则雌性有增高的现象。室内小群体繁蜂的平均产卵量为:越冬代36.5粒,第一代67.9粒,第二代52.3粒。以柞蚕作寄主雌蜂产卵量较高,繁蜂群体增大时,产卵量和日产卵量均有下降趋势。经测算,在卵内发育起点和有效积温分别为14.7℃和242.5日度。     

四川冕宁县缺硒饲粮对雏鸡的影响及不同品种雏鸡适宜补硒量的研究

采用四川严重缺只硒地区冕宁县实用雏鸡饲粮饲喂泸宁鸡(当地地方鸡)、白洛克和来杭三个品种共682只雏鸡,作了两个试验,结果表明:谷实类缺硒饲粮(含硒0.0051ppm)引起雏鸡严重营养性胰腺萎缩和纤维化;泸宁鸡和白洛克缺硒死亡率分别为83％和63％,添加维生素E可起到轻微缓解作用(缺硒死亡率52％);补硒显著促进生长和改善饲料利用率。饲粮中添加动物性饲料(使基础日粮含硒0.1018ppm)后雏鸡未出现明显缺硒病变,但补硒显著提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-px活力、组织硒含量和生长速度。雏鸡对缺硒的敏感程度、组织硒含量和GSH-px活力存在明显品种差异。以GSH-px活力和组织硒含量作为评定标准结合对生长速度的考察表明:对于生长较快的泸宁鸡和白洛克,基础饲粮补加0.20ppm硒是适宜的,而对于蛋用型来杭鸡则以添加0.10ppm效果较好。     

~(14)C示踪研究不同小麦品种开花、灌浆期的光合效率及同化物的运转与分配

应用~(14)C示踪技术测定三个籽粒饱满度不同的小麦品种,结果表明:籽粒饱满度与品种的净光合率、光合持续期和同化物在籽粒中的分配率有关;光合作用后30分钟测定,~(14)C同化物的分配,叶片最高,叶鞘其次,麦穗再次,茎中最低;开花期~(14)C同化物在成熟麦穗中的分配,约占引入量的25—32％,灌浆期~(14)C同化物在成熟麦穗中的分配,对籽粒饱满的两个品种,占引入量的50％以上,而籽粒不饱满的品种,分配率还不到30％。