调环酸钙25%悬浮剂对直播稻抗倒伏和产量性状的影响

为了研究新型植物生长调节剂调环酸钙在直播稻上的应用效果,本研究设计了调环酸钙25%悬浮剂在直播稻武运粳8号上的田间试验,用来了解其对直播稻的抗倒伏性状和产量性状的影响。试验结果表明:在直播稻武运粳8号的分蘖期使用调环酸钙25%悬浮剂12~15g/667m2均能够显著降低水稻的株高,缩短茎基部节间长度,提高水稻的抗倒伏能力,同时也能显著提高水稻产量。     

Use of fluorescence to determine reduction in Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) nymph feeding when exposed to cyantraniliprole and imidacloprid through systemic applications

The Bemisia tabaci whitefly is an important pest of many agricultural crops. Direct feeding by this pest can cause physiological plant symptoms including irregular ripening in tomatoes and silverleaf disorder in squash. In addition, B. tabaci can transmit more than 100 plant viruses that cause severe diseases that affect crop yield and quality. Insecticides are often applied to control this pest and they may be applied to the foliage and/or to the soil. Insecticides that kill quickly or cause feeding cessation reduce the damage caused by B. tabaci on the host plant most effectively. In this study fluorescence was used to assess B. tabaci feeding and to determine the effect of systemically applied insecticides on feeding by the pest. Cyantraniliprole (Verimark™) and imidacloprid (AdmirePro^®) produced a rapid reduction in B. tabaci feeding. At 24 h after a systemic application, the percentage of whitefly nymphs still feeding in plants treated with cyantraniliprole (anthranilic diamide) and imidacloprid (neonicotinoid) were 19% and 33%, respectively. Both products showed a good reduction in insect feeding and since they have different modes of action they should be considered as rotational partners for B. tabaci control in areas where there is no resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides. While the fluorescein sodium salt cannot be used to trace the uptake of insecticides, it has been shown to reliably demonstrate feeding cessation of whitefly nymphs after foliar and systemic applications of insecticides.     

42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂对番茄叶霉病的防效

[目的]探讨42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂对番茄叶霉病的田间防治效果。[方法]以10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂和70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂为对照药剂,采用小区试验研究42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂对番茄叶霉病的防治效果。[结果]42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂在剂量为150.0~225.0 g a.i./hm2时,对番茄叶霉病的防治效果为83.37%~91.63%,与10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂120.0g a.i./hm~2对番茄叶霉病的防治效果无显著差异,但显著高于70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂562.5 g a.i./hm~2的防治效果。[结论]42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂可广泛用于番茄叶霉病的防治。     

土地利用对天山北麓土壤盐渍化的影响

通过野外调查和室内分析,研究了新疆三工河流域平原绿洲耕地、人工林地、草地、灌木林地和盐碱地0～20 cm表层土壤盐溃化特征.结果表明:整个农业绿洲土壤盐分含量均值为9.33 g/kg,其中耕地平均值为6.9g/kg,超过75%耕地样点集中分布在低于2 g/kg的区间,而其它土地利用类型均高于10 g/kg,并且样点分散分布于各盐分等级中,自然和人为活动对不同土地利用类型盐分聚积均有显著作用;随地貌单元,自南向北盐分均值含量增加,在冲洪积扇中上部和地下水溢出带,盐分均值低于3.8 g/kg,而在冲洪积平原区,则高于10g/kg;由于区域水资源的南北分布格局与利用差异,使得土壤盐分具有中等或强的空间变异性.     

区域气候模式PRECIS对中国气候的长期数值模拟试验

利用欧洲中心ERA40再分析资料驱动区域气候模式PRECIS,对中国地区进行了50km水平分辨率、40a(1961-2000年)时间长度的连续积分,并对模拟的温度和降水与观测资料进行了比较分析。结果表明:模式对中国地区温度和降水的年、季空间分布型态均具有一定的模拟能力,对温度和降水的年际变化也有较好的模拟效果,尤其对于20世纪80年代后期出现的暖冬以及1998年的夏季极端降水都有较好的体现。但模式不足在于区域内普遍存在模拟的气温略高于实况的系统性暖偏差,幅度一般在1~3℃;内蒙古和东北地区年降水量比观测值明显偏多,长江以南地区和四川盆地的降水中心范围都明显偏大,位置偏南。总体来看,无论是空间分布还是年际变化,模式对温度的模拟能力明显优于降水。     

气候变暖对新疆核桃种植气候适宜性的影响

基于新疆102个气象台站1961-2015年逐日平均气温、最低气温、最高气温资料,采用线性趋势分析、累积距平、t检验以及ArcGIS的空间插值技术,对影响新疆核桃种植的关键气候因子（≥10℃积温、最低气温≤-25℃日数、最高气温≥40℃日数、终霜冻日早于≥10℃初日天数）的时空变化特征进行分析的基础上,结合核桃种植气候适宜性区划指标,研究了气候变化对新疆核桃种植气候适宜性及其分布的影响。结果表明：新疆≥10℃积温的空间分布总体呈现“南疆多,北疆少;平原和盆地多,山区少”的格局,最低气温≤-25℃日数有“南疆少,北疆多;平原和盆地少,山区多”的特点,夏季最高气温≥40℃日数为“东部多,西部少;平原和盆地多,山区少”的特点;终霜冻日早于≥10℃初日的天数呈现“西部多,东部少;山区多,平原和盆地少”的格局。在上述气候要素空间分异的综合作用下,新疆核桃种植的气候适宜区主要在塔里木盆地西部平原;次适宜区在塔里木盆地大部和吐哈盆地南部;北疆大部,阿尔泰山、天山和昆仑山区以及吐哈盆地、塔里木盆地东部为核桃不适宜种植区。在气候变暖背景下,近55a新疆≥10℃积温、最高气温≥40℃日数和终霜冻日早于≥10℃初日的天数分别以64.7℃·d·10a-1、0.48d·10a-1、0.120d·10a-1的倾向率呈显著（P＜0.05）增多趋势,冬季日最低气温≤-25℃日数以-0.980d·10a-1的倾向率呈极显著（P＜0.001）减少趋势。上述各要素分别于1986年和1997年发生了突变,受其影响,1997年后较其之前,新疆核桃种植的气候适宜区和次适宜区明显扩大,而不适宜区明显减小,气候变暖对新疆核桃种植总体趋于有利。     

Sorghum extrusion process combined with biofortified sweet potato contributed for high iron bioavailability in Wistar rats

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sorghum and sweet potato on the bioavailability of iron, gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism and the plasma antioxidant capacity in animals fed with whole sorghum grains processed by dry heat or extrusion, combined or not with sweet potato flour with high content of carotenoids. Five experimental groups were tested (n = 7): dry heat sorghum flour (DS); extruded sorghum flour (ES); whole sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (DS + SP); extruded sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (ES + SP) and positive control (FS). The evaluations included: hemoglobin gain, hemoglobin regeneration efficiency, gene expression of divalente metal transporter 1 (DMT-1), duodenal citochroma B (DcytB), ferroportin, hephaestin, transferrin and ferritin and total plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC). The ES + SP group showed higher (p < 0.05) expression of DcytB, ferroportin and hephaestin when compared to the control group. The DS group showed high (p < 0.05) expression of DMT-1 and the ES showed high mRNA expression of transferrin and ferritin. The changes in the sorghum physicochemical properties from extrusion process reduced the iron and phytate content, and increased the gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism, improving iron bioavailability. The combination of sweet potato and sorghum flour (dry or extruded) improved the iron capture and total antioxidant capacity, probably due to the presence of β-carotene and antioxidant compounds.     

缺镁胁迫对龙眼苗期氮代谢的影响

采用溶液培养方法研究了缺镁胁迫对龙眼苗期氮代谢的影响。结果表明 ,缺镁胁迫下 ,龙眼叶片硝酸还原酶 (NR)活性下降 ,游离氨基酸总量增加 ,水解氨基酸总量减少 ,蛋白质合成受阻而分解加剧 ;核酸酶 (RNase)活性提高 ,核糖核酸 (RNA)、脱氧核糖核酸 (DNA)含量降低 ,缺镁对RNA的影响比DNA大 ;活性氧 (O2-)净产生速率增加。统计分析表明 ,缺镁胁迫下 ,龙眼核酸和蛋白质含量下降是其合成受阻、分解加剧以及活性氧毒害综合作用的结果     

盐胁迫下栽培大豆黑农40不同器官中抗氧化酶活性的变化

通过对盐胁迫下栽培大豆黑农40的根、茎、叶等不同器官中主要的抗氧化酶活性的测定与分析,探讨了大豆耐盐性的机理.结果表明,黑农40叶片中的SOD、POD和APX活性水平明显高于根部和茎部.叶片中的POD和APX在高盐胁迫下的应答反应都比在低盐时快速.盐胁迫时间的延长引起根、茎、叶中的SOD和POD活性发生明显的下降,在高盐胁迫下这种下降比在低盐时更为急剧.     

广谱持久抗病基因Pi40在云南高原粳稻的应用

对持有主效广谱抗瘟基因Pi40的单基因系4163与其它11份单基因鉴别品系进行自然条件下稻瘟病抗性鉴定.结果表明,4163在云南省粳稻区的稻瘟病重病区均表现抗病,即在保山、宜良、玉溪叶瘟田间抗性分别为0级、0级、4级,穗瘟田间抗性为3级.同时,利用49份有代表性的云南稻瘟病单胞菌株,通过室内接种抗性鉴定方法建立了Pi40对云南稻瘟病的抗谱,并与另外25份抗稻瘟病单基因系进行室内接种同步鉴定比较.结果表明,Pi40对49份云南地方稻瘟病菌株的抗病频率为87.8％,表现出较广的抗谱,可以作为云南高原粳稻抗病育种的新抗源利用.