烤烟新品种YH05的选育及其特征特性研究

 降低烟碱含量、优质多抗、香气品质好为烤烟育种主攻目标,以MS8610-711为母本, X 347为父本选育出雄性不育杂交种YH05。该杂交种株型筒型,田间生长势强,耐成熟,分层落黄好,大田生育期约130d。其平均产量2713.50kg/hm2,平均产值19141.95元/hm2,平均上等烟比例27.87%。该品种原烟外观质量好,平均单叶重为12.2g。其烟碱含量低于对照K326,B2F,C3F,X2F烟叶的烟碱含量较对照低26.26%,20.85%,21.47%,其它化学成分与对照相近,原烟评吸质量档次中偏上。YH05抗TMV, 黑胫病、青枯病,中抗PVY,中感赤星病、CMV,对黑胫病和TMV的抗性明显优于对照K326。该品种适宜在中等肥力地块和黑胫病、TMV高发地块种植。     

Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the non-structural 3A and 3B protein-coding regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus subtype A Iran 05

The A Iran 05 foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) subtype was detected in Iran during 2005 and has proven to be highly virulent. This study was undertaken to focus on molecular and phylogenetic analysis of 3A and 3B coding-regions in the A Iran 05 field isolate. To assess the genetic relatedness of A Iran 05 isolate the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of the 3AB region of type A FMDV isolates were compared with twenty previously described type A FMDV isolates. The phylogenetic tree based on the 672 bp 3AB gene sequences of type A FMDV from thirteen different locations clustered them into five distinct lineages. The A Iran 05 isolate clustered in lineage A along with four type A variants and was closely matched with viruses isolated in Turkey and Pakistan during 2005~2006. The number of protein sequence differences exhibited by each of the isolates revealed that A Iran 05 isolate contains three amino acid substitutions at positions 47 and 119 of 3A and 27 of the 3B coding region. The nucleotide identity between A Iran 05 and the other four isolates of lineage A was estimated to be 98%.     

氮水平和硝态氮比例对烤烟新品种YH05氮肥效应的影响

为促进烤烟新品种YH05的推广应用,采用田间小区试验,研究不同的施N水平(不施肥、N5g/株、N7g/株、N9g/株)和N素形态比例对YH05的N素吸收利用以及产值量的影响.结果表明,N水平、NO3--N比例以及二者之间的交互作用不仅影响烟株各部位N素的含量,而且对吸收的N素在烟株各部位的分配率也有影响.N水平是影响YH05 N肥农学利用率的主要因素,YH05N肥表观利用率的影响因素包括N水平、NO3--N比例以及N水平和NO3--N比例的交互作用.N水平、NO3--N比例以及二者之间的交互作用对YH05的农艺性状和经济性状的影响有差异.综合考虑农艺性状、经济性状和N肥效应等因素,在试验区域内,确定YH05的最适施N水平为N7g株,NO3--N比例为25％.     

农牧交错带荒漠化程度土壤评判指标的确定

以陕北农牧交错带的荒漠化土壤为研究对象,通过多元相关分析、回归分析和因子分析,确定了荒漠化程度的土壤评判指标。结果表明,评判土地荒漠化程度时,土壤物理性质指标应选择0.25~0.05 mm砂粒含量,土壤化学性质指标应选择土壤有机质含量,并运用这两个指标建立了荒漠化程度土壤评判指标体系,即通过荒漠化土壤表层0~20 cm上述两个指标的量值来评判荒漠化程度。     

Spatial variability of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) yield as related to soil parameters in a small field

The harvested biomass of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is generally much lower than its potential; this may be due to several factors including not recovering all the biomass at harvest, weed competition, pests, disease and spatial variation of soil features. The objective of this research was to quantify the yield spatial variation of switchgrass and relate it to soil parameters, in a field of about 5 ha, in 2004 and 2005. Several thematic maps of soil parameters and biomass yield were produced using GIS and geostatistical methods. Soil parameters changed consistently within very short distances and biomass yield varied from 3 to more than 20 Mg ha⁻¹. This remarkable variation indicates that the potential for increasing switchgrass productivity is a real prospect. Furthermore, spatial variation of yield showed similar patterns in the 2 years (r = 0.38^**), and therefore a major influence of site characteristics on switchgrass yield can be assumed to occur. Significant correlations were found between biomass yield and soil N, P, moisture and pH as well as between soil parameters. Some soil parameters such as sand content showed patchy spatial distribution. Conversely, a reliable spatial dependence could not be identified for other parameters such as P. Further research is needed.     

水稻不育突变株沈农05-9的形态和细胞学特征鉴定

以辽粳5号与丰锦杂交的高代系的突变株沈农05-9和其原始株系为材料,采用醋酸洋红染色压片技术及石蜡切片技术.进行了形态学特征、小孢子发生的细胞学特征观察.结果表明:该不育突变株花粉表现典败和染败,多数花粉母细胞减数分裂不形成二分体,而形成多核的花粉母细胞;花药表现干瘪且纤维化严重,绒毡层细胞在小孢子发育过程中提前解体.该不育突变株的减数分裂方式类似于萍乡型显性不育系及早稻昆植不育系.导致败育的直接原因为绒毡层细胞提前解体.     

木霉菌T05-1对几种作物病原菌的抑制作用及发酵条件研究

为鉴定木霉菌T05-1种类,明确其生防机制和发酵条件,采用形态学鉴定、抑菌试验和液体发酵的方法,对分离自辽宁省锦州市蔬菜根际土壤的的木霉菌T05-1进行了鉴定、抑菌作用及发酵条件的研究。结果表明:木霉菌T05-1经形态学鉴定为绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride Pers.ex Fr.),对病原菌的生防机制分别属于重寄生、抗生等作用,碳源为葡萄糖时T05-1菌丝生长最快,碳源为蔗糖时产孢量最大,氮源为蛋白胨和硫酸铵时产孢量最大,氮源为硝酸铵菌丝生长最快,温度为25℃,pH值为6～7有利于木霉菌T05-1的生长及产孢。因此绿色木霉T05-1是一株生防作用较好的菌株。     

蒜棉套作模式下密度与整枝方式对鲁05H9农艺性状及产量的影响

在“蒜-棉”套作下研究了不同密度（1．80万、2．55万、3．30万株／hm^2）与整枝方式（常规整枝和简化整枝）对转基因抗虫杂交棉新品种鲁05H9农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明：3个密度下常规整枝处理的产量高于简化整枝处理,以3．30万株／bm。产量最高,籽棉与皮棉产量分别达到4866．5kg／hm^2和1945．0kg／hm2;简化整枝下以2．55万彬hm2产量相对较高,但仍比同密度下的常规整枝处理显著减产。说明鲁05H9在高肥水“蒜一棉”套作下不宜保留叶枝,应进行常规整枝栽培管理,且种植密度不宜低于3．00万株／hm^2。     

高粱幼穗离体培养再生体系的建立

6个基因型的高粱幼穗接种于YD10、L2、YLMDS和MS1诱导培养基,结果在MS1培养基上6个基因型的幼穗都诱导出愈伤组织,05DL15A诱导率最高为96.0%,四杂40诱导率最低为27.5%。获得的淡黄色颗粒状愈伤组织分化出不定芽,不定芽高8cm左右转入生根培养基再生植株。     

枯草芽胞杆菌YB-05对小麦抗病性相关防御酶系的诱导作用

本文研究了生防菌枯草芽胞杆菌YB-05和病原菌小麦全蚀病菌GGT007对小麦体内防御酶活性的影响,探讨其诱导小麦抗病性机理。以苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)5种防御酶作为小麦抗病性反应指标,于不同时段测定各防御酶活性;以PD培养基为对照,测定生防菌YB-05及小麦全蚀病菌GGT007对小麦叶片和根部抗性相关酶的影响。结果表明,小麦经生防菌与病原菌混合处理、病原菌处理、生防菌处理后,叶片和根部与植物防御抗病相关的PPO、POD、SOD、PAL、CAT防御酶活性均比对照组高,其中生防菌与病原菌混合处理后抗性相关酶活最高,叶片中PAL、POD、SOD、PPO、CAT酶活峰值达到46.705、16 829.274、104.687、97.44和1 259.565U/g,为对照组的1.74、2.44、2.27、2.40和2.42倍。根部PAL、POD、SOD、PPO、CAT酶活峰值达到131.536、56 424.79、1 977.04、22.564和206.241U/g,为对照组的1.65、1.52、2.57、2.07、1.74倍。表明枯草芽胞杆菌YB-05和小麦全蚀病菌GGT007均能诱导小麦叶片和根部的防御酶活性增强,两者共同处理后小麦叶片和根部5种防御酶活性高于单独处理,说明枯草芽胞杆菌YB-05和小麦全蚀病菌GGT007共同诱导具有协同增效作用。