水稻种子简易鉴别法

看整齐度混有其他稻谷的杂交种子粒型不整齐,如混入的父本或其他籼稻谷粒,明显比杂交种子细长饱满,粳稻谷粒较圆。看谷壳色鉴别杂交种谷壳上略带不均匀的黄褐色等生理性杂色,而父本、保持系等谷粒颜色较为一致。保持系和其他杂株谷粒比杂交种子透明度高,谷壳比杂交种光滑。     

适期收割对稻谷损失影响的研究

稻米原粮爆腰率是影响加工过程中出米率的重要因素。经调查，农家交售原粮中爆腰率高达25％，其中有干燥、储藏方面的原因，也有收割期不当的原因。本研究从一株稻穗中谷粒含水率与爆腰率的关系分析着手，通过对田间不同品种、不同含水率稻谷爆腰率的测定，并用概率统计方法进行分析的结果证明，完整谷粒的平均含水率在20％以上时收割，可以有效地避免田间爆腰率的发生。     

确保今春棉种一播全苗的主要技术措施

由于去年长期多雨寡照的特殊气候条件影响,导致大部分良繁区棉种成熟度、饱满度差,以至发芽率.据调查,当前市场上所销售的棉种发芽率明显低于往年,有相当一部分发芽率只达到 50%左右.因此,采取有效措施,确保一播全苗,成为今春棉花播种面临的重要问题.笔者介绍以下技术,供广大棉农参考.     

豫南地区特殊生态类型小麦的栽培措施

豫南冬小麦种植区位于黄淮平原冬麦区的南部边沿，与苏皖中南部冬麦区的气候条件相似。该区小麦生育期气候的特点，一是深秋及初冬时期的气候温暖，小麦营养体生长速度快，分蘖形成快，容易形成冬前旺长和后期倒伏的局势。二是入春以后气温回升快，到4—5月份气温高，且阴雨天较多，光照不足，昼夜温差小，不利于小麦的生殖发育，不利于灌浆成熟，造成种子饱满度差，产量低。三是中后期高温多湿，病虫害严重。     

夏谷秕谷的发生及降低措施

夏谷成熟后,在穗子的顶部、基部常有一部分不饱满谷粒和空壳,俗称秕谷。秕谷粒数占总粒数的百分数,通称秕谷率。在一般情况下,谷穗成熟后都有秕谷存在。但当秕谷比例大,即秕谷率高时,会造成减产。一般情况下夏谷的秕谷率在20-25％之间,秕谷严重时可达50％以上。     

基于流域算法的谷物籽粒图像分割技术

为解决谷物外观品质检测过程中获取图像的籽粒粘连问题,提出了一种基于先验知识的流域分割算法。首先,设定合理的区域面积阈值Ath,标记并去除图像中的单个籽粒区域,结果记为M;然后,设定有效腐蚀次数Eth,对粘连籽粒区域进行流域分割,结果记为Mc;最后,取Ms与Mc的并集,作为分割结果。试验结果表明,该算法分割效果较好,分割精度达到95．4％。     

微型联合收割机气流式清选装置的仿真研究

介绍了谷粒的基本物理特性,分析谷粒在水平气流中的运动轨迹与受力间的关系,设计出箱体式纯气流谷物清选装置,并确定了清选流场的守恒方程。借助Fluent软件,建立了气固多相流的欧拉模型,实现了谷物清选的仿真模拟并获得相关数据,论证了适用于微型联合收割机的气流式清选装置的可能性与可行性。     

水稻谷粒冲击损伤临界速度分

以接触力学为基础,建立了脱粒元件与稻谷对心碰撞时压缩位移和最大压力分布模型.针对不同含水率时稻谷塑性、脆性力学性质的差异.得出了稻谷与脱粒元件冲击损伤临界速度计算公式.对钉齿与镇稻10号、武香梗14、淮稻9号、镇糯653和协优084稻谷冲击损伤临界速度进行了实例计算,在试验台架上进行了实测,试验均值与理论计算基本一致.     

The Difference in Growth and Four Microelement Concentrations Between Two Rice Genotypes Differing in Grain Cadmium-Accumulating Capacity

A pot experiment was conducted with two rice genotypes having different Cd concentrations in their grains to study the effect of soil Cd level on biomass, Cd and Fe, Zn, Cr and Pb accumulation in different plant parts. Cd was added into soil to form 4 levels, i.e.,0, 0.5, 2.5 and 12.5 mg kg^-1, respectively. The results showed that the Cd-induced reduction in biomass accumulation varied in both genotypes and growth stages. The Cd-induced reduction in biomass became less with the progress of growth, and Xiushui63, a genotype with relatively higher grain Cd concentration, was more severely inhibited than Xiushui217,a relatively lower Cd concentration. Both Cd concentration and accumulation in the various plant parts increased substantially with the increase of Cd levels. The difference between two genotypes in Cd concentration and accumulation became more pronounced with increased Cd level as well as prolonged duration of exposure. Xuishui63 had much greater Cd accumulation than Xiushui217, in particular at late growth stage. Xuishui63 had a remarkably higher Cd translocation of roots to shoots than Xiushui217 in all Cd levels.The effect of Cd addition on four microelement concentrations in straw and milled riceal so varied in genotypes and Cd levels. Without Cd addition, Xiushui63 was significantly lower than Xiushui217 in the concentrations of all four elements in straw, while the case was just opposite in milled rice. Zn, Fe and Pb concentrations decreased in milled rice with the increase of Cd level, although the reduction extent differed in two genotypes.The results indicated that Cd concentration in rice grain is primarily dependent on the shoot Cd concentration, which is in turn mainly determined by Cd translocation from roots to shoots.