液体与液体发酵饲料对生长猪能量、干物质、蛋白和磷消化率的影响

进行两项试验比较了饲喂液体日粮和发酵液体日粮对生长猪干物质(DM)、总能量(GE)和粗蛋白(CP)表观回肠消化率(AID)以及对DM、GE和磷(P)表观总肠道消化率(ATTD)的影响。日粮由玉米(728g/kg)、豆粕(240g/kg)、大豆油(10g/kg)及维生素和矿物质等组成。     

香椿老叶开发利用价值研究

在进行香椿矮化密植栽培以获得高档木本蔬菜即香椿芽时，可以得到较多的副产物即香椿的老叶（约每亩产叶360～450公斤）。据分析，这一副产物含有较高的能量和较为丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、粗纤维等主要营养物质及矿质营养元素，故香椿的老叶有很高的饲用价值，把香椿作为木本饲料作物进行栽培有一定的意义。     

Effects of Dietary Starch Source on via the Portal Vein Nutrient and Energy Absorption of Growing Pigs

Four crossbred （Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire） boars, weighing an average of 22.40 ± 1.08 kg and fitted with permanent catheters in their portal and mesenteric veins as well as their carotid artery,were utilized in a 4 × 4 latin square design experiment in order to investigate the effects of different starch sources （maize ,brown rice, sticky rice, and resistant starch） on the absorption of energy sources through the portal vein. Portal blood flow averaged 30.68, 28.40, 29.99, and 30. 12 mL/min per kg BW for pigs fed the maize, brown rice, sticky rice, and resistant starch diets, respectively, and did not dif- fer （P 〉 0.05） between treatments. The absorptions of glucose, plasma ammonia, and total amino acids were significantly lower （P 〈 0.05 ） in pigs fed the resistant starch diet than pigs fed the other starch sources. In contrast, significantly （ P 〈 0.05 ） higher amounts of propionate and total volatile fatty acids were absorbed from the portal vein of pigs fed resistant starch than pigs fed diets based on maize, brown rice, or sticky rice. In addition, significantly （P 〈 0.05） more lactic acid was absorbed from the portal vein by pigs fed the sticky rice diet than pigs fed the other three diets. The energy absorbed from the portal vein in the form of glucose and amino-N as well as the total energy absorbed was significantly （P 〈 0.05） lower in pigs fed the resistant starch diet than pigs fed the other three starch sources. In contrast, the amount of energy absorbed in the form of volatile fatty acids was significantly （P 〈 0.05 ） higher in pigs fed resistance starch than pigs fed the other three starch sources. The total energy absorbed through the portal vein as a percentage of the gross energy and digestible energy consumed in pigs fed maize were 50.8% and 54.6%, respectively, which were significantly （P 〈 0.05 ） higher than the values in pigs fed resistant starch （41.5% and 46.6% respectively）. The results indicate that energy is absorbed in different forms and with different utilization efficiencies in the digestive tract of pigs as a result of feeding different starch sources. Starch sources supplying most of their energy in the form of glucose had higher energy utilization efficiencies, while starch sources supplying most of their energy in the form of volatile fatty acids or lactic acid had lower energy utilization efficiencies.     

一次特强霜冻天气过程诊断分析

以≤-2.0℃地面最低温度作为霜冻指标,利用河西走廊中西部10个气象观测站点的实时观测资料和相应的数值预报资料,采用现代天气诊断方法,对2004年5月3～4日特强霜冻天气过程进行了探讨分析。针对霜冻天气发生发展的特点,在剖析环流背景的基础上,重点分析了500 hPa的v风场及其廓线;总能量的平流变化等物理量。结果表明,北风带的东移南扩是造成此次大范围霜冻天气的关键因子,总能量的持续偏低使得强霜冻的持续时间延长。     

用微生物絮凝粉和浓缩大豆蛋白替代凡纳滨对虾饲料中的鱼粉

共配制了5种含38%粗蛋白和17 kJ/g总能量的饲料。微生物絮凝粉从超集约养虾场的排放废水中获得。用一个对照饲料(鱼粉作为主要蛋白质来源)与微生物絮凝粉和浓缩大豆蛋白替代鱼粉水平     

氮气在食品工业中的应用

氮气（N2）是无色、无味、无臭的惰性气体，化学性质不活跃，在1个大气压下的冷却和冷冻整个过程中吸收的总能量为382千焦／千克，在同食品的接触过程中呈中性，因此可用于食品防腐。     

泌乳奶牛各期的营养需求及产奶量的变化

1营养的分配与利用在奶牛对营养物质的消化和利用过程中,粪能是能量损失的主要形式,大约为食入总能量的30%～32%,体增热又消耗总能的30%左右,     

Energy Metabolism Pattern in Cotton Aphid,Aphis gossypii Glover （Hem.： Aphididae） Exposure to Neonicotinoids

This study was mainly made on the role of energy revisers in cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover （Hemiptera： Aphididae） countered with imidacloprid and thiametoxam. We measured used energy, available energy and the content of total energy in three strains of cotton aphid which were from very resistant to neonicotinoid, sup to semi-sensitive and sensitive speccies, respectively. It was observed changes in energy resources rate in all of the aphid strains at which each substrate was metabolized under stress. Our findings indicated among energy sources, total lipid in susceptible strain was increased in counter of spraying and it was decreased in resistance and semi sensitive strains. Whereas, total protein was decreased in all of the strains encountering with neonicotiniod stress. Total glycogen was increased significantly in different aphid strains and sugar was decreased in countered of spraying.