倒霉的乌贼

一只乌贼在浅海里游玩,一条大鱼朝它扑过来,想吃了它.乌贼使出它祖传的绝招,一边后退,一边吐墨汁.大鱼眼前漆黑一片,什么也看不见,只好扫兴地游走.过了几天,乌贼又到海面上游玩,它怕自己被那些大鱼发现,就先吐出一口墨汁,把周围的海水染黑了.     

野生墨汁鬼伞的驯化与栽培

以北京市怀柔区宝山镇野生墨汁鬼伞(Coprinus atramentarius)为试验材料,对其母种、原种培养基配方进行优化筛选,并采用不同栽培方式研究了野生墨汁鬼伞人工驯化的培养条件。结果表明:实验范围内供试菌株的菌丝体生长最适碳源为葡萄糖+玉米淀粉,最适氮源是蛋白胨,最适pH值为9。培养料配方以棉籽壳、麸皮、玉米粉、石灰、锯末、石膏的配方最好,出菇以菌棒立栽覆土效果最好,覆土后55d现菇蕾,3～5d可采收。第一潮出菇生物学效率可达40%左右,条件适宜可出3～4潮菇。     

怎样使春联久不褪色

<正>春联,不外乎两种,一种是印刷体,一种是手写体。手写体春联的字迹, 多半会褪光褪色。现介绍一法,可使春联久不褪色。在写春联时,先在墨汁中略加少量洗衣粉或肥皂水、茶、酒之类,或鱼胆汁,然后搅拌均匀,再用来写春联。这样写出的春联字迹更显光泽,久经日晒、风吹,其色依旧如初。大家如有兴趣,不妨一试。     

植物离体快繁培养的黑色替代培养基

用墨汁制作的黑色替代培养基,用于植物离体快繁培养和苗木的工厂化生产,具有植株形态好、再生根多、生长速度快,节省费用,简便,培养基的黑色更加均匀等优点。     

乌贼墨汁的原子力显微观察

对中国枪乌贼和虎斑乌贼的墨汁进行原子力扫描观察,并对墨汁颗粒的颗粒度进行了分析。结果表明,乌贼墨汁颗粒呈圆形或长条形,不同种类乌贼的墨汁颗粒外貌不同,中国枪乌贼墨汁颗粒呈圆球形,墨汁颗粒大小均等,间或有少量大颗粒墨汁;虎斑乌贼墨汁颗粒呈圆形及长条形,颗粒大小不一。虎斑乌贼墨汁颗粒平均表面积为9 478.12 nm2,较中国枪乌贼的墨汁颗粒(平均表面积为7 062.91 nm2)大。     

阿拉尔地区野生墨汁鬼伞生物学特性研究初报

阿拉尔地区野生墨汁伞可用一般食用菌的培养方法进行培养,繁殖,其菌丝体生长所需的温度范围为４℃－３０℃,最适生长温度为２０℃－２５℃左右,ＰＨ值范围为５－１０,最佳为６－８,是一种怕光、需氧生长的菌丝体,其子实体是一种中高温型食用菌。     

3种染料在小鼠胃肠推进试验中的运用

为了筛选胃排空和肠推进试验最佳示踪染料,本试验选取葡聚糖蓝2000、伊文思蓝和墨汁3种染料,用微量倍比稀释法测定一系列浓度各染料在一系列波长的吸光度值,以确定各染料的最大吸收波长和可测浓度范围。根据各染料可测范围确定小鼠最佳灌胃剂量,测定各染料在胃残留率、小肠推进率及小肠均4段各段染料残留率,确定各染料在消化道总残留率。结果显示,在本试验测定波长中,葡聚糖蓝2000、伊文思蓝和墨汁最大吸收波长分别630、630和405 nm;可测浓度范围分别为0.16~5.00 mg/mL（R² =0.9863）、0.78~6.25 μg/mL（R²=0.9984）和0.02%~0.16%（R²=0.9979）。3种染料对胃排空率的影响差异不显著（P > 0.05）,而肠推进率伊文思蓝显著快于其他两种染料（P < 0.05）;3种染料总残留率葡聚糖蓝2000最高,其次为墨汁,伊文思蓝最低,分别为93.6%±4.5%、71.5%±8.5%和18.7%±2.8%。本试验结果提示,在检测受试物对在体消化道运动影响研究中,如果仅要求测定肠推进率可用墨汁,如果要精确检测胃和小肠各段排空情况则用葡聚糖蓝2000为宜。     

Application of Three Kinds of Dyes in Gastrointestinal Propulsion in Mice

In order to select the best tracer dye for gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion experiment,three kinds of dyes including of dextran blue 2000,direct blue 53 and ink were selected.The absorbance values of the series of concentration of dyes were tested in a range of wavelength by micro double dilution method.Moreover,the maximum absorption wavelength and measurable concentration range of three dyes were determined.According to measurable range of three kinds of dyes,the optimal gavage doses were obtained in mice.The gastric residual rates,small intestinal propulsion rates and residual rates in four parts of equal small intestine were tested.The results showed that the maximum absorption wavelengths of dextran blue 2000,direct blue 53 and ink were 630,630 and 405 nm,respectively.Their measurable concentration ranges were 0.16 to 5.00 mg/mL (R²=0.9863),0.78 to 6.25 μg/mL (R²=0.9984) and 0.02% to 0.16% (R²=0.9979).The difference of gastric emptying rates among the three dyes was not significant (P > 0.05),and intestinal propulsion rate of direct blue was significantly higher than those of the other two dyes (P < 0.05).Total residual rates of dextran blue 2000,ink and direct blue were 93.6%±4.5%,71.5%±8.5% and 18.7%±2.8%,respectively.The results suggested that ink was the best tracer dye if only the intestinal propulsion rate in vivo needed to be determined,while dextran blue 2000 is appropriate if a precise determination of the gastric and intestinal emptying needed to be done.     

墨汁鬼伞生物学特性研究

试验结果表明，培养墨汁鬼伞的最适碳源是葡萄糖 玉米淀粉，最适氮源是蛋白胨，最适温度为25℃，最适pH为7．0～7．5；最适料水比为1：1．4(培养料含水量为58．3％)。     

乙型肝炎肝硬化合并新型隐球菌败血症1例

<正>1病例介绍患者女,60岁,HBsAg阳性10年,尿黄1年。因腹胀40d,双下肢水肿7d,于2015-11-07日入石家庄市第五医院。入院前在当地医院检查血常规:红细胞(RBC)3.33×1012/L、血红蛋白(Hb)114g·L-1、白细胞(WBC)4.9×109/L、