An evaluation of the Olsen test as a measure of plant-available phosphorus in grassland soils derived from basalt parent material

Abstract. Anecdotal and circumstantial evidence have suggested that the Olsen test underestimates plant-available phosphorus (P) in basaltic soils in Northern Ireland. Therefore, the ability of this test to predict plant-available P in basaltic (and non-basaltic) soils was investigated by regressing Olsen-P data against herbage P indices calculated from plant tissue test data using the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system. The average Olsen-P concentration for a range of fields situated on basaltic soils was considerably lower than the average Olsen-P concentration for a range of fields situated on non-basaltic soils, and yet mean sward P status, as given by the herbage P indices, was similar for both groups of fields. Herbage P indices were also much better correlated with Olsen-P measurements in non-basaltic soils than in basaltic soils. Furthermore, at low Olsen-P values (≶9mgPL⁻¹) some swards on basaltic soils were genuinely deficient in P, while others were sufficient or even in surplus for this nutrient. The results confirm that Olsen-P is inadequate as a predictor of plant-available P in basaltic soils. It is concluded that an alternative soil test is needed to provide a reliable assessment of plant-available P in basaltic soils, to prevent overuse of fertilizer and manure P and to minimize the amounts of P entering local watercourses.     

Evaluation of two N cycle models for the prediction of N mineralization from grassland soils in the UK

Abstract. The ability of two nitrogen cycle models, of contrasting complexity, to predict N mineralization from a range of grassland soils in the UK, was evaluated. These were NCYCLE, a simple mass balance model of the N cycle in UK grasslands, and CENTURY, a more complex model simulating long-term C, N, P & S dynamics in grassland ecosystems. The models were tested using field measurements of net N mineralization from a range of grassland soils (differing in soil type, history & management practice), obtained over a 2 year period using a soil core incubation technique. This method was considered to measure the total net release of mineral N from the soil organic matter over a specified time, including N which may have been recycled several times. NCYCLE consistently under-estimated mineralization rates at all sites. By contrast, there was some correlation between CENTURY predictions of net N mineralization and field measurements. This may have reflected the different abilities of the two models to simulate N recycling. Neither model, however, was able to predict adequately the effect of cultivation and reseeding on net N mineralization.     

The use of urban organic wastes in the control of erosion in a semiarid Mediterranean soil

Abstract. A two year field experiment was carried out in a semiarid Mediterranean area in order to evaluate, the effect on soil erosion of adding different urban organic wastes: a stabilized municipal waste (compost), an unstabilized municipal waste, and an aerobic sewage sludge. All the treatments significantly reduced soil erosion, compared to the control soil. The soil amended with compost was the most effective treatment, reducing soil loss by 94% and runoff by 54%.     

Effects of 'Agri-SC' soil conditioner on soil structure and erodibility: some further observations

Abstract. In field and laboratory experiments the conditioner‘Agri-SC’has shown improvements in the structure of loamy sand soils in east Shropshire, UK. It resulted in statistically significant decreases in soil bulk density values and increases in soil porosity and aggregate stability. Further experiments are in progress on both loamy sand and silt loam soils.     

宿根花卉的特点及其在园林中的配置

根据宿根花卉种类繁多、色彩丰富、生长稳定、抗逆性强的特点,其在园林中的配置,宜于建花坛、花境,也可群植,与背景树相结合,还可作地被植物代替草坪,也可建单类花卉园.     

浅谈HACCP在机制针形名茶中的应用

对HACCP作简要介绍，根据HACCP体系的要求，分析了机制针形名茶过程中各个环节可能出现的危害因素，用HACCP的原理确立了关键控制点，并且建立了相应的控制措施。     

贵州茶树雪凝冻害发生情况与补救预防措施

分析了2008年贵州雪凝气候特点和茶树雪凝冻害受灾成因及受灾情况,针对不同类型的茶园和苗圃提出了相应的补救和预防措施。     

氨基酸菌肥施用量对茶树生长及土壤肥力的影响

为探究不同氨基酸菌肥施用量对茶树生长和土壤肥力含量的影响,以鸿雁12号茶树为研究对象,采用田间微区试验的方法,设置了不施用氨基酸菌肥作对照组(CK)和氨基酸菌肥施用量分别为75 kg·hm^-2(T1)、150 kg·hm^-2(T2)、225 kg·hm^-2(T3)和300 kg·hm^-2(T4)的处理,研究不同氨基酸菌肥施用量对茶树生长、茶叶品质及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明：氨基酸菌肥施用后能显著增加茶叶芽头密度及茶叶产量,提高茶叶中氨基酸含量和土壤中碱解氮含量。试验6个月后与CK相比,T4组的芽头密度显著增加了63.4%,茶叶产量显著增加了71.5%;T1～T4处理茶叶中氨基酸含量分别增加了9.73%、6.41%、7.57%和13.2%,土壤中碱解氮含量分别增加了25.0%、36.0%、46.0%和37.6%。综上,氨基酸菌肥的施用能提高茶叶产量及品质,改善茶园土壤环境质量,为茶园生产的合理施肥及优质高效生产提供数据参考。     

茶树LOX基因家族的鉴定及其在白茶萎凋过程的表达分析

脂肪族类化合物是植物芳香物质的重要组成部分,对白茶香气的形成具有重要作用.利用生物信息学方法,在染色体级别的茶树基因组数据库中,对LOX基因家族进行鉴定,从中获得12个茶树LOX基因家族成员,命名为CsLOX1～CsLOX12.12个茶树LOX基因序列,主要定位于细胞质或叶绿体中,其编码蛋白具有相同的特征结构域及保守基...     

浅谈岩生植物及其在园林中的应用

岩生植物具有植株低矮,株形紧密;根系发达,耐干旱,耐瘠薄土壤;生长缓慢,生活期长;花色艳丽等特点.岩生植物按自然分类系统分为苔藓植物、蕨类植物、裸子植物、被子植物.按光照要求分为喜光类、耐荫类、喜阴湿类.按在园林中的应用分类,分为草本类、藤木类、灌木及矮乔类、蕨类、苔藓地衣类.论述了岩生植物在园林中的应用形式、岩生植物的选择与配置等.