Effect of the Substrates on the Production of Engrafted Vine Cuttings in Heated Greenhouses

This article highlights the results of a long-term research project on the production of grape stalks engrafted by the desk method. The integrated impact of rootstock varieties, modes of stratification, and different substrates on vegetating vine cuttings, raised in heated greenhouses, and the capacity of their acclimatization after planting was studied. The results of the research show that rootstock variety and modes of stratification influence the output of engrafted vegetating cuttings of vines grown in pots using various substrates. In particular, the engrafted cuttings of variety Rkatsiteli produced on two rootstocks, 5 BB and 101-14, passed stratification (a) in sawdust with local electroheating, (b) on the water with its periodic change, and (c) in the layer of perlite. After preplanting preparations they were planted in pots with six different substrates: (1) soil (control); (2) perlite; (3) sawdust; (4) rice husk + soil + sand (1:1:1); (5) peat + soil + sand (1:1:1); and (6) mold + soil + sand (1:1:1). The cuttings were grown with a covered root system in a heated greenhouse for 35–40 days. Forty-day-old vegetating cuttings, after hardening, were planted into the open ground. Specialties were established during the root and shoot formation on vegetating nursery plant grafts during the rooting period. Optimal substrates for growing engrafted cuttings with a covered root system in heated greenhouses for each rootstock and stratification mode were determined.     

A STATIC STRESS ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF STRATIFICATION PLANE OF ROCK MASSES ON SMOOTH BLASTING

The influenfial factors of stratification plane to smooth blasting are studied according to the ti eory of smooth blasting and the anslysis of static stress. The results show that the angle p between the maximum principal plane and the rertical line of stratification plane has some influence on the fracture of rock masses.     

水温升高对水体性质及水生生物的影响研究进展

全球变暖导致水温升高,河流、湖泊普遍升温,而这种增温趋势还将加剧。水温升高,直接导致水体稳定度提高,垂向对流减少,分层现象加剧,冰河解冻提前,水体封冻期缩短;间接导致水体溶解氧含量降低,尤其底层水体缺氧现象更加严重,底层水体缺氧导致沉积物中营养盐向上覆水的释放量增加,两者均会诱导水体发生气候变化富营养化。水温升高影响水生有机体的生物过程、物种组成及食物网变化;水体分层及溶解氧含量降低均会增加水体营养物负荷,促进水体浮游藻类种群发生变化;水温变化还会改变水生植物生长条件、生物量及分布,影响水体中鱼类的生存、生长发育,以及栖息地发生变化,使水生无脊椎动物种群数量减少。因此,水温增加势必对水生生态系统产生重要影响。     

基于层次分析法的物元模型在土壤质量评价中的应用

物元分析方法应用到土壤质量评价研究中，以土壤质量等级、评价指标及其特征值构造物元，通过建立模型的经典域、节域、权重集和关联度函数，采用层次分析法计算各评价指标的权系数，并根据计算出的综合关联度来实现对各土壤样本的质量等级综合评判与排序。模型被应用到松花江地区21种土壤样本的质量等级评价与排序中，取得了较好的效果。     

紫果型黑蕊猕猴桃种子萌发特性研究

对采收的紫果型黑蕊猕猴桃(Actinidia melanandra)种子进行了不同温度、不同层积时间和不同浓度赤霉素处理的发芽试验,结果表明,不同温度的种子发芽率有极显著差异(p<0.01),多重比较显示平均发芽率结果为23℃>18℃>28℃>13℃,23℃的发芽率为72.67%。不同层积时间的种子发芽率有极显著差异(p<0.01),多重比较显示发芽率60 d>45 d>75 d>30 d>0,层积60 d的平均发芽率为79.67%。不同浓度赤霉素处理的种子发芽率有极显著差异(p<0.01),多重比较显示发芽率600 mg·L^-1>900 mg·L^-1>300 mg·L^-1>0,600 mg·L^-1的发芽率最高,为14%。紫果型黑蕊猕猴桃种子最佳萌发条件为:温度23℃,低温层积60 d,600 mg·L^-1的赤霉素浸泡种子。     

青绿苔草种子萌发特性研究

通过对青绿苔草种子萌发特性的研究,得出其适宜温度为15℃/25℃的变温处理。青绿苔草种子为喜光种子,在光照条件下可极显著提高发芽指数;低浓度赤霉素处理可极显著提高发芽指数,但高浓度赤霉素抑制发芽;浓硫酸处理30 s时,可极显著提高发芽率和发芽指数;层积处理150 d后,发芽指数为18.15,发芽时间缩短。     

耕层厚度对华北高产灌溉农田土壤有机碳储量的影响

针对华北平原长期少免耕可能导致的耕层变浅、变紧的问题,通过人为设置不同耕层厚度试验,采用等质量土壤有机碳库储量和层化比的研究方法,研究了4种耕层厚度（10、20、30、40 cm）水平下0～50 cm土壤有机碳的变化。2 a的田间试验结果表明,不同耕层厚度对土壤有机碳含量有显著差异,与2007年试验开始时相比,土壤有机碳质量分数都不同程度下降,下降幅度为22%～48%。利用等质量计算方法表明20 cm耕层厚度的处理土壤有机碳储量最高。通过层化比的研究表明,随着时间的推移,20 cm的耕层厚度层化比最高,其     

Reduced tillage with residue retention improves soil labile carbon pools and carbon lability and management indices in a seven-year trial with wheat-mung bean-rice rotation

Soil total organic carbon (TOC) is a composite indicator of soil quality with implications for crop production and the regulation of soil ecosystem services. Research reports on the dynamics of TOC as a consequence of soil management practices in subtropical climatic conditions, where microbial carbon(C) loss is high, are very limited. The objective of our study was to evaluate the impact of seven years of continuous tillage and residue management on soil TOC dynamics (quantitative and qualitati...     

GA_3处理对天女木兰种子解除休眠过程中碳水化合物含量的影响

研究了GA3对天女木兰种子在变温层积条件下解除休眠过程中碳水化合物的影响,以此探讨外源赤霉素(GA3)对层积过程中天女木兰种子解除休眠的作用机理。结果表明,1000mg/LGA3水溶液处理极显著促进天女木兰种子萌发,在整个层积过程中,GA3水溶液处理诱导淀粉含量下降;蔗糖含量变化剧烈,在层积90d降至最低,果糖和葡萄糖含量显著增加;在层积后期(90～120d)果糖和葡萄糖含量下降,蔗糖含量上升,从而说明了碳水化合物参与并调节了天女木兰种子休眠解除这一过程。