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1.
岩溶流域典型农业区水体氢氧同位素的空间异质性及形成机制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分别于平水期和枯水期采集了花溪河流域典型农业区地表水和地下水样品。利用氢氧同位素示踪技术,结合土地利用类型对研究区不同水体的补给来源、季节变化及主要影响过程进行了分析,并对不同水体氢氧同位素值进行了空间插值分析,同时对其形成机制进行了分析,阐明了不同土地利用类型影响下的主要水文过程。结果表明:(1)研究区不同水体的主要补给来源为当地大气降水,月亮湖水库受蒸发作用影响明显,地表水和地下水的δD和δ~(18)O整体上呈现平水期高于枯水期的特征。(2)地下水的δD和δ~(18)O在枯水期与平水期均呈现明显的空间分异性特征,西部水田/水库集中区富集,东部旱地集中区贫化,土地利用对研究区环境水文过程影响明显。该研究结果有助于了解不同土地利用方式下地表水对地下水的影响,为流域管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
2.
Spatiotemporal patterns of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) in response to a restoration of longitudinal connectivity 下载免费PDF全文
Peter M. Kiffney Ben Cram Paul L. Faulds Karl Burton Michele Koehler Thomas P. Quinn 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2018,27(4):1037-1053
To examine the role of longitudinal connectivity on the spatial and temporal dynamics of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni), we quantified movement and population dynamics following installation of the Landsburg Dam fishway, Cedar River, WA, USA. Mountain whitefish is widely distributed, poorly studied and not the focus of restoration. Before the fishway, mountain whitefish were not observed above the dam. Here, we focus on snorkel counts collected at reach and mesohabitat (e.g. pools) scales over 11 summers on the 20‐km above‐dam segment following restoration. A camera within the ladder provided number, size and movement timing, thereby informing on behaviour and recolonisation. Segment‐scale abundance increased following fish passage reaching an asymptote in 7 years, and mountain whitefish were detected throughout the main stem in 10 years. Annual movement through the ladder increased over time and was positively correlated with instream abundance and discharge, but negatively correlated with water temperature. About 60% of fish movements occurred in spring and early summer, potentially for foraging opportunities. Reach‐scale abundance peaked between 7 and 10 km from the dam; deep, cool (~10.6 to 11.6°C) conditions characterised these reaches. At the mesohabitat scale, mountain whitefish detection increased with depth and velocity after accounting for distance from the dam. Our results show how restoring longitudinal connectivity allowed this nontarget species to colonise newly available habitat. Their response supports the critical roles of longitudinal connectivity and environmental conditions, that manifest at different spatial scales, in dictating how freshwater fish respond to habitat disturbance. 相似文献
3.
4.
Landscape modeling requires the delineation of system boundaries and interior features. Quite often, these components are
complex and difficult to accurately represent. A rectangular grid is used to represent the study and adjacent non-study areas
in most cases. When the non-study area occupies a large portion of the grid, computer memory is wasted, and computational
time increases. An elliptical grid generator for non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinates is used to generate a boundary-fitted
grid for a landscape model. In a boundary-fitted grid coordinate system, one coordinate axis follows the landscape domain
boundary and is non-orthogonal to the second axis. The boundary-fitted grid uses elliptic partial differential equations to
distribute grid points inside the landscape domain. Although the boundary-fitted grid follows the domain boundary, the grid
pattern and point allocation remain structured. Thus, a landscape model can use a boundary-fitted grid without changing the
model’s data structure or the computational scheme. In this study, a boundary-fitted grid and a raster-based grid were applied
to the Everglades Landscape Fire Model. Use of the boundary-fitted grid decreased model simulation time by about one fifth
and computer storage by 58% relative to the raster-based grid. Also, the linear characteristics of interior geographical features
such as rivers and airboat trails were preserved by the boundary-fitted grid, but not by the raster-based grid. This preservation
provided a more reasonable base map for simulating ecological processes, such as fire across heterogenous landscapes. 相似文献
5.
In a companion paper we derived the correct analysis for gerechte designs with uncorrected errors. Here we show that this correct analysis cannot be justified by the usual randomization argument. However, when the regions are rectangular there is a randomization procedure which validates an analysis with three separate error terms. We also outline other developments in design and analysis that may be more satisfactory. 相似文献
6.
杉木扁长蝽若虫空间分布型的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文采用聚集度指标检验法、回归分析法研究了杉木扁长蝽若虫的空间分布型。结果表明:在不同林地、不同虫口密度情况下,均呈聚集分布。若虫的聚集与栖息生境有直接关系。 相似文献
7.
The structure of Aspergillus flavus communities associated with south Texas cottonseed was determined by analysing samples from 178 truckloads of commercial cottonseed from 35 gins, extending from Fort Bend County in the north to the Rio Grande Valley in the south, from September 1999 to October 2001. The number of colony-forming units (CFU) of A. flavus on the cottonseed, and the percentage of S strain (%S) were both correlated with aflatoxin contamination of cottonseed. The number of CFU differed between both regions and seasons, while %S differed only between regions. Comparison of maps of CFU and %S revealed that CFU shows a higher variation across years, while %S shows higher spatial variation. The Rio Grande Valley had significantly lower CFU and %S strain than the Coastal Bend and Upper Coast regions. Cottonseed produced in 1999 had significantly more A. flavus than that produced in either 2000 or 2001. Identification of factors dictating geographical variation in S-strain incidence may provide insights that will lead to improved aflatoxin management. 相似文献
8.
采用颍次分布X~2检验、Iwao平均拥挤度m~*=a+βx和Taylor幂法则S~2=am~b等8种方法,分析了七块麦田中七星瓢虫幼虫的空间分布型,认为其分布型为负二项分布,且聚集的原因是由于个体之间存在着相互吸引,并确定了代表性较强的棋盘式抽样技术,最佳抽样数量为:Q=28.7088/+0.7552。 相似文献
9.
Change in spatial characteristics of forest openings in the Klamath Mountains of northwestern California,USA 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Carl N. Skinner 《Landscape Ecology》1995,10(4):219-228
Change in the spatial characteristics of forest openings was investigated in three forested watersheds in north-western Siskiyou County, California totalling approximately 24,600 hectares. Watersheds with minimal human disturbance were chosen for study. However, fire suppression has been pervasive throughout. Characteristics of forest openings (area, perimeter, distance between neighboring openings) were measured on aerial photographs taken 41 years apart. An index of regional form was determined for the landscape. Shape complexity for each opening was calculated using two indices based upon fractals. Significant differences were found using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test between the perimeters, areas, distance from sample point to nearest opening, and distance between neighboring openings. The perimeters and areas became smaller, and the distances from the sample point to the nearest opening and between neighboring openings became greater over the 41 years between aerial photo sets. The estimated area occupied by openings decreased from 25.8 % to 15.6 % of the study area. No significant difference was found in the shape of the openings except as the shape indices were influenced by changes in size of the openings.This article was written and prepared by U.S. Government employees on official time, and it is therefore in the public domain and not subject to copyright. 相似文献
10.
乌梁素海湿地环境与资源地理信息系统的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本系统建立乌梁素海湿地基础地形库、生态库、资源库、工程档案库、遥感影像库等基础数据库及信息发布系统 ,使 GPS、GIS、RS紧密结合 ,同时实现了专家决策支持系统与地理信息系统之间的一体化集成。本系统可以为乌梁素海湿地生态治理与资源开发提供全方位的数据信息及其管理 ,对生态工程规划与实施方案进行优化设计 ,并提供实时监控服务。 相似文献